服务贸易总协定GATS.docx
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服务贸易总协定GATS.docx
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服务贸易总协定GATS
GeneralAgreementonTradeinServices
(GATS)
Members,
Recognizingthegrowingimportanceoftradeinservicesforthegrowthanddevelopmentoftheworldeconomy;
Wishingtoestablishamultilateralframeworkofprinciplesandrulesfortradeinserviceswithaviewtotheexpansionofsuchtradeunderconditionsoftransparencyandprogressiveliberalizationandasameansofpromotingtheeconomicgrowthofalltradingpartnersandthedevelopmentofdevelopingcountries;
Desiringtheearlyachievementofprogressivelyhigherlevelsofliberalizationoftradeinservicesthroughsuccessiveroundsofmultilateralnegotiationsaimedatpromotingtheinterestsofallparticipantsonamutuallyadvantageousbasisandatsecuringanoverallbalanceofrightsandobligations,whilegivingduerespecttonationalpolicyobjectives;
RecognizingtherightofMemberstoregulate,andtointroducenewregulations,onthesupplyofserviceswithintheirterritoriesinordertomeetnationalpolicyobjectivesand,givenasymmetriesexistingwithrespecttothedegreeofdevelopmentofservicesregulationsindifferentcountries,theparticularneedofdevelopingcountriestoexercisethisright;
Desiringtofacilitatetheincreasingparticipationofdevelopingcountriesintradeinservicesandtheexpansionoftheirserviceexportsincluding,inter alia,throughthestrengtheningoftheirdomesticservicescapacityanditsefficiencyandcompetitiveness;
Takingparticularaccountoftheseriousdifficultyoftheleast-developedcountriesinviewoftheirspecialeconomicsituationandtheirdevelopment,tradeandfinancialneeds;
Herebyagreeasfollows:
PartI:
ScopeandDefinition
ArticleI:
ScopeandDefinition
1. ThisAgreementappliestomeasuresbyMembersaffectingtradeinservices.
2. ForthepurposesofthisAgreement,tradeinservicesisdefinedasthesupplyofaservice:
(a) fromtheterritoryofoneMemberintotheterritoryofanyotherMember;
(b) intheterritoryofoneMembertotheserviceconsumerofanyotherMember;
(c) byaservicesupplierofoneMember,throughcommercialpresenceintheterritoryofanyotherMember;
(d) byaservicesupplierofoneMember,throughpresenceofnaturalpersonsofaMemberintheterritoryofanyotherMember.
3. ForthepurposesofthisAgreement:
(a) “measuresbyMembers”meansmeasurestakenby:
(i) central,regionalorlocalgovernmentsandauthorities;and
(ii) non-governmentalbodiesintheexerciseofpowersdelegatedbycentral,regionalorlocalgovernmentsorauthorities;
InfulfillingitsobligationsandcommitmentsundertheAgreement,eachMembershalltakesuchreasonablemeasuresasmaybeavailabletoittoensuretheirobservancebyregionalandlocalgovernmentsandauthoritiesandnon-governmentalbodieswithinitsterritory;
(b) “services”includesanyserviceinanysectorexceptservicessuppliedintheexerciseofgovernmentalauthority;
(c) “aservicesuppliedintheexerciseofgovernmentalauthority”meansanyservicewhichissuppliedneitheronacommercialbasis,norincompetitionwithoneormoreservicesuppliers.
PartII:
GeneralObligationsandDisciplines
ArticleII:
Most-Favoured-NationTreatment
1. WithrespecttoanymeasurecoveredbythisAgreement,eachMembershallaccordimmediatelyandunconditionallytoservicesandservicesuppliersofanyotherMembertreatmentnolessfavourablethanthatitaccordstolikeservicesandservicesuppliersofanyothercountry.
2. AMembermaymaintainameasureinconsistentwithparagraph 1providedthatsuchameasureislistedin,andmeetstheconditionsof,theAnnexonArticle IIExemptions.
3. TheprovisionsofthisAgreementshallnotbesoconstruedastopreventanyMemberfromconferringoraccordingadvantagestoadjacentcountriesinordertofacilitateexchangeslimitedtocontiguousfrontierzonesofservicesthatarebothlocallyproducedandconsumed.
ArticleIII:
Transparency
1. EachMembershallpublishpromptlyand,exceptinemergencysituations,atthelatestbythetimeoftheirentryintoforce,allrelevantmeasuresofgeneralapplicationwhichpertaintooraffecttheoperationofthisAgreement.InternationalagreementspertainingtooraffectingtradeinservicestowhichaMemberisasignatoryshallalsobepublished.
2. Wherepublicationasreferredtoinparagraph 1isnotpracticable,suchinformationshallbemadeotherwisepubliclyavailable.
3. EachMembershallpromptlyandatleastannuallyinformtheCouncilforTradeinServicesoftheintroductionofanynew,oranychangestoexisting,laws,regulationsoradministrativeguidelineswhichsignificantlyaffecttradeinservicescoveredbyitsspecificcommitmentsunderthisAgreement.
4. EachMembershallrespondpromptlytoallrequestsbyanyotherMemberforspecificinformationonanyofitsmeasuresofgeneralapplicationorinternationalagreementswithinthemeaningofparagraph 1.EachMembershallalsoestablishoneormoreenquirypointstoprovidespecificinformationtootherMembers,uponrequest,onallsuchmattersaswellasthosesubjecttothenotificationrequirementinparagraph 3.Suchenquirypointsshallbeestablishedwithintwo yearsfromthedateofentryintoforceoftheAgreementEstablishingtheWTO(referredtointhisAgreementasthe“WTOAgreement”).Appropriateflexibilitywithrespecttothetime-limitwithinwhichsuchenquirypointsaretobeestablishedmaybeagreeduponforindividualdevelopingcountryMembers.Enquirypointsneednotbedepositoriesoflawsandregulations.
5. AnyMembermaynotifytotheCouncilforTradeinServicesanymeasure,takenbyanyotherMember,whichitconsidersaffectstheoperationofthisAgreement.
ArticleIIIbis:
DisclosureofConfidentialInformation
NothinginthisAgreementshallrequireanyMembertoprovideconfidentialinformation,thedisclosureofwhichwouldimpedelawenforcement,orotherwisebecontrarytothepublicinterest,orwhichwouldprejudicelegitimatecommercialinterestsofparticularenterprises,publicorprivate.
ArticleIV:
IncreasingParticipationofDevelopingCountries
1. TheincreasingparticipationofdevelopingcountryMembersinworldtradeshallbefacilitatedthroughnegotiatedspecificcommitments,bydifferentMemberspursuanttoParts IIIand IVofthisAgreement,relatingto:
(a) thestrengtheningoftheirdomesticservicescapacityanditsefficiencyandcompetitiveness,interaliathroughaccesstotechnologyonacommercialbasis;
(b) theimprovementoftheiraccesstodistributionchannelsandinformationnetworks;and
(c) theliberalizationofmarketaccessinsectorsandmodesofsupplyofexportinteresttothem.
2. DevelopedcountryMembers,andtotheextentpossibleotherMembers,shallestablishcontactpointswithintwo yearsfromthedateofentryintoforceoftheWTOAgreementtofacilitatetheaccessofdevelopingcountryMembers’servicesupplierstoinformation,relatedtotheirrespectivemarkets,concerning:
(a) commercialandtechnicalaspectsofthesupplyofservices;
(b) registration,recognitionandobtainingofprofessionalqualifications;and
(c) theavailabilityofservicestechnology.
3. Specialpriorityshallbegiventotheleast-developedcountryMembersintheimplementationofparagraphs 1and 2.Particularaccountshallbetakenoftheseriousdifficultyoftheleast-developedcountriesinacceptingnegotiatedspecificcommitmentsinviewoftheirspecialeconomicsituationandtheirdevelopment,tradeandfinancialneeds.
ArticleV:
EconomicIntegration
1. ThisAgreementshallnotpreventanyofitsMembersfrombeingapartytoorenteringintoanagreementliberalizingtradeinservicesbetweenoramongthepartiestosuchanagreement,providedthatsuchanagreement:
(a) hassubstantialsectoralcoverage
(1),and
(b) providesfortheabsenceoreliminationofsubstantiallyalldiscrimination,inthesenseofArticleXVII,betweenoramongtheparties,inthesectorscoveredundersubparagraph (a),through:
(i) eliminationofexistingdiscriminatorymeasures,and/or
(ii) prohibitionofnewormorediscriminatorymeasures,
eitherattheentryintoforceofthatagreementoronthebasisofareasonabletime-frame,exceptformeasurespermittedunderArticles XI,XII, XIVandXIVbis.
2. Inevaluatingwhethertheconditionsunderparagraph1(b)aremet,considerationmaybegiventotherelationshipoftheagreementtoawiderprocessofeconomicintegrationortradeliberalizationamongthecountriesconcerned.
3. (a) Wheredevelopingcountriesarepartiestoanagreementofthetypereferredtoinparagraph 1,flexibilityshallbeprovidedforregardingtheconditionssetoutinparagraph1,particularlywithreferencetosubparagraph(b)thereof,inaccordancewiththelevelofdevelopmentofthecountriesconcerned,bothoverallandinindividualsectorsandsubsectors.
(b) Notwithstandingparagraph 6,inthecaseofanagreementofthetypereferredtoinparagraph 1involvingonlydevelopingcountries,morefavourabletreatmentmaybegrantedtojuridicalpersonsownedorcontrolledbynaturalpersonsofthepartiestosuchanagreement.
4. Anyagreementreferredtoinparagraph 1shallbedesignedtofacilitatetradebetweenthepartiestotheagreementandshallnotinrespectofanyMemberoutsidetheagreementraisetheoveralllevelofbarrierstotradeinserviceswithintherespectivesectorsor
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