历年考研英语真题电子版.docx
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历年考研英语真题电子版
历年考研英语真题电子版
1990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
SectionII:
ReadingComprehension
Eachofthethreepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(20points)
Text1
InMayl989,spaceshuttle“Atlantis”releasedinouterspacethe
spaceprobe“Megallan,”whichisnowonher15-monthandone-billion
kilometerflighttoVenus.Anewphaseinspaceexplorationhasbegun.
TheplanetVenusisonlyslightlysmallerthanEarth;itistheonlyotherobjectinthesolarsystem,infact,thatevencomesclosetoearth?
ssize.Venushasasimilardensity,soitisprobablymadeofapproximatelythesamestuff,andithasanatmosphere,completewithclouds.Itisalsotheclosestplanettoearth,andthusthemostsimilarindistancefromthesun.Inshort,Venusseemstojustifyitslong-heldnicknameof“earth?
stwin.”
ThesurfacetemperatureofVenusreachessome900F.Addedtothatisanatmosphericpressureabout90timesEarth?
s:
Highoverheadinthecarbondioxide(CO2)thatpassesforairisalayerofclouds,perhaps10to20milesthick,whoselittledropsconsistmostlyofsulfuricacid(H2SO4).Waterisallbutnonexistent.
Bornwithsomanyfundamentalsimilaritiestoearth,howdidVenusgettobesoradicallydifferent:
Itisnotjustanacademicmatter.Forallitsextremes,Venusisavaluablelaboratoryforresearchersstudyingtheweatherandclimateofearth.Ithasnoearth?
soceans,sotheheat
transportandothermechanismsaregreatlysimplified.Inaddition,theplanetVenustakes243earth-daystoturnonceonitsaxis,soincomingheatfromthesunisaddedanddistributedatamoreleisurely,observablepace.
16.VenusissimilartoEarthin.
[A]sizeanddensity
[B]distancefromthesun
[C]havingatmosphere
[D]alloftheabove
17.ThegreatestvalueinstudyingVenusshouldbeto.
[A]allowustovisitthere
[B]understandEarthbetter
[C]findanewsourceofenergy
[D]promoteanewspaceprogram
18.Themainideaofthispassageisabout.
[A]problemsofspacetravel
[B]scientificmethodsinspaceexploration
[C]theimportanceofVenustoEarth
[D]conditionsonVenus
Text2
TouristsweresurprisedtoseeawomandrivingahugeorangetractordownoneofRome?
smainavenues.Italy?
spoliticalleadersandsomeofitsmaleunionchiefsaresaidtohavebeenevenmorepuzzledtoseethatthetractorwasfollowedbyabout200,000womeninaparadingprocessionthattookmorethanthreehourstosnakethroughcentralRome.
Shoutingslogans,wavingflagsanddancingtodrumbeats,thewomenhadcometothecapitalfromalloverItalytodemonstratefor“ajob
foreachofus,adifferenttypeofjob,andasociety
withoutviolence.”Sofar,actiontoimprovewomen?
sopportunitiesinemploymenthasbeentheprovinceofcollectiveindustrialbargaining.“Butthereisagrowingawarenessthatthisisnotenough,”saysa
researcheronfemalelaboratthegovernment-fundedInstituteforthe
DevelopmentofProfessionalTrainingforWorkers.
Women,whoconstitute52percentofItaly?
spopulation,todayrepresentonly35percentofItaly?
stotalworkforceand33percentofthetotalnumberofItalianswithjobs.However,their
presenceintheworkplaceisgrowing.Theemploymentofwomenisexpandingconsiderablyinservices,nexttothepublicadministrationandcommerceastheirprincipalworkplace.Officialstatisticsalsoshowthatwomenhavealsomadesignificantstridesinself-employment.Moreandmorewomenaregoingintobusinessforthemselves.Manyyoungwomenareturningtobusinessbecauseofthegrowingoverallinemployment.Itisalsoafactthattodaymanyprejudiceshavedisappeared,sothat
banksandotherfinancialinstitutesmakejudgmentsonpurelybusinessconsiderationswithoutcaringifitisamanorawoman.
Suchchangesareoccurringintheprofessionstoo.Thenumberofwomendoctors,dentists,lawyers,engineersanduniversityprofessorsincreasedtwotothreefold.Someofthechangesareimmediatelyvisible.Forexample,womenhaveappearedonthesceneforthefirsttimeasstatepolice,railwayworkersandstreetcleaner.
However,thepresentsituationisfarfromsatisfactorythoughsomeprogresshasbeenmade.Abreakthroughinequalopportunitiesforwomenisnowdemanded.
19.Theexpression“snakethroughcentralRome”probablymeans“tomove
[A]quietlythroughcentralRome.”
[B]violentlythroughcentralRome.”
[C]inalongwindinglinethroughcentralRome.”
[D]ataleisurelypacethroughcentralRome.”
20.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?
[A]TherearemorewomenthanmeninItaly.
[B]InItaly,womenarechieflyemployedinservices.
[C]InItaly,womenarestillatadisadvantageinemployment.
[D]InItaly,abouttwo-thirdsofthejobsareheldbymen.
21.About200,000womeninRomedemonstratedfor.
[A]morejobopportunities
[B]agreatervarietyofjobs
[C]“equaljob,equalpay”
[D]bothAandB
22.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe.
[A]TheRoleofWomenisSociety
[B]WomenDemonstrateforEqualityinEmployment
[C]WomenasSelf-employedProfessionals
[D]WomenandtheJobsMarket
Text3
inthe
Theoldideathattalentedchildren“burnthemselvesout
earlyyears,and,therefore,aresubjectedtofailureandatworst,mentalillnessisunfounded.Asamatteroffact,theoutstandingthingthathappenstobrightkidsisthattheyareverylikelytogrowintobrightadults.Tofindthisout,l,500giftedpersonswerefolloweduptotheirthirty-fifthyearwiththeseresults:
Onadultintelligencetests,theyscoredashighastheyhadaschildren.Theywere,asagroup,ingoodhealth,physicallyandmentally.84percentoftheirgroupweremarriedandseemedcontentwiththeirlives.
About70percenthadgraduatedfromcollege,thoughonly30percenthadgraduatedwithhonors.Afewhadevendroppedout,butnearlyhalfofthesehadreturnedtograduate.Ofthemen,80percentwereinoneoftheprofessionsorinbusinessmanagementorsemiprofessionaljobs.Thewomenwhohadremainedsinglehadoffice,business,orprofessionaloccupations.Thegrouphadpublished90booksand1,500articlesinscientific,scholarly,andliterarymagazinesandhadcollectedmorethan100patents.
Inamaterialwaytheydidnotdobadlyeither.Averageincomewasconsiderablyhigheramongthegiftedpeople,especiallythemen,thanforthecountryasawhole,despitetheircomparativeyouth.Infact,farfrombeingstrange,mostofthegiftedwereturningtheirearlypromiseintopracticalreality.
23.Theoldideathattalentedchildren“burnthemselvesout”in
theearlyyearsis.
[A]trueinallsenses
[B]refutedbytheauthor
[C]medicallyproven
[D]abeliefoftheauthor
24.Thesurveyofbrightchildrenwasmadeto.
[A]findoutwhathadhappenedtotalentedchildrenwhentheybecameadults
[B]provethattalentedchildren“burnthemselvesout”inthe
earlyyears
[C]discoverthepercentageofthosementallyillamongthegifted
[D]provethattalentedchildrenneverburnthemselvesout
25.Intelligencetestsshowedthat.
[A]brightchildrenwereunlikelytobementallyhealthy
[B]betweenchildhoodandadulthoodtherewasaconsiderablelossofintelligence[C]talentedchildrenweremostlikelytobecomegiftedadults
[D]whentalentedchildrengrewintoadults,theymadelowscores
SectionIII:
CloseTest
Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeled[A],[B],[C],and[D],choosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoice.(10points)
and
Nooneknowsforsurewhattheworldwouldbelikeintheyear2001.Manybookshavebeenwritten__26__thefuture.Butthe19th-centuryFrenchnovelistJulesVernemaybecalledafuturologistinthefullest__27__oftheword.Inhisfantasticnovels“ATriptotheMoon”
“80DaysAroundtheWorld,”hedescribedwithdetailtheaeroplaneandeventhehelicopter.These
novelsstillhaveagreatattraction__28__youngreadersoftodaybecauseoftheirboldimaginationandscientificaccuracy.
Belowisadescriptionofwhatourlifewillbeintheyear2001aspredictedbya__29__writer.In2001,inthehome,cookerswillbesetsothatyoucancookacompletemealatthetouchofaswitch.
Televisionwillprovideinformationonpricesatthe__30__shopsaswellasnewsand
entertainment.Videophoneswillbringpicturesaswellas__31__totelephoneconversations.Machineswillcontroltemperature,lighting,entertainment,securityalarms,laundryandgardening.
Lightingwillprovidedecorationaswellaswallpaper.
Atwork,robotswilltake__32__mostjobsinthemanufacturingindustries.Workinghourswillfalltounder30hoursaweek.Holidayswillgetlonger;sixweekswillbethenormalannualholiday.Menandwomenwillretireatthesameage.
Ourleisurewillbedifferenttoo.Thehomewillbecomethecenterofentertainmentthroughtelevisionandelectronicgames.Morepeoplewilleatoutinrestaurants__33__theydotoday;alsotheywillhaveamuchwidervarietyoffoodavailable.Therewillbeachangeoftastetowardsamoresavoury-flavoredmenu.Newsyntheticfoodswillforma__34__partofpeople?
sdiets.
Foreigntravelwill__35__;winterholidayswillbecomemorepopularthansummerones.Alsonon-stopflightsfromBritaintoAustraliaandNewZealandwillbeeasilyavailableandmuchcheaper.Educationwillbecomeincreasinglymoreimportantthaneverbefore.26.[A]in[B]of[C]about[D]for
27.[A]sense[B]meaning[C]detail[D]implication
28.[A]for[B]of[C]on[D]towards
29.[A]today[B]nowadays[C]present-day[D]present
30.[A]
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