Education religion culture.docx
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Education religion culture.docx
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Educationreligionculture
•Education
•GreatBritain’sEducationSystem
•Centralgovernment(nationalgovernment)hasverylittlecontrolovertheschoolsystems
•SchoolsaretheresponsibilityoftheLocalEducationAuthorities(LEAs)
•Schoolshavehadalotofindependence
•Butrecently,thegovernmenthasbeencontrollingmoresothatthequalityofeducationisbetter
•PolicyToday
•Schoolisrequiredbylawforall
childrenages5to16
•Fourstages:
–Primary(age5-11)
–Secondary(age11-16)
–Furthereducation(optional:
age16-18)
–Highereducation(college/university)
•Stateschools:
schoolsrunbyandpaidforbythegovernment–freeforstudents
•1988:
NationalCurriculumwasestablished(standardforthewholecountry)
–Stateschoolsmustfollowit
–Privateschoolscanchoosetofollowitornot.
•PrimaryandSecondaryEducation
•Stateschools–schoolsrunbyandpaidforbythegovernment
-Alwaysco-educational(boysandgirlstogether)
•Independentschools(alsocalled“Public”schools)–mustpayafee
–7%ofBritishchildrenattendthesePublicschools
–Someschoolsareforboysonlyorgirlsonly(single-sexschools)
•PolicyToday
•Coresubjectsforallstudents:
–English,math,science,technology(computers),P.E.,religion,history,geography,artandmusic
•Educationisnowskill-based,notknowledge-based
–Notjust“what”thechildknows,butalsothatthechildknows“how”tothinkordothings
–Examples:
•Communicationskills:
readingandwriting,usingmathtosolvemanydifferentkindsofproblems
•Cooperationskills:
workingingroups,participation
•Thinkingskills:
problem-solving,doingresearchandanalysis
•GCSEsandSixthForm
•At16yearsold,allstudentstaketheGCSEs(GeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation)
–Afterwards,studentsmayleaveschool
–Ortheycancontinuetheireducation…
•TheyproceedtotheSixthForm
–SixthForm=two/threeyearsoffurthereducationbeforetakingtheteststogoontouniversity(16to18yearsold)
–Studentsstudyonly4or5courses,dependingonwhattheywanttostudyandtheirgradesfromtheGCSEs
•TakingtheA-Levels…
•AttheendofSixthForm(18yearsold),studentstaketheirA-Levelexamsinthese4or5subjects
–Theyreceivea“GeneralCertificateofEducation,Advanced-Level”
–Theirscoreshelpdetermineuniversityacceptanceornot
•Statevs.Independent
•HowmanystudentschoosetocontinueeducationaftertheGCSEs?
–StateSchools:
only40%ofstudentscontinueaftertheGCSEs,totaketheA-Levelexams
–IndependentSchools(“Public”Schools):
90%ofstudentscontinueontotaketheA-Levelexams
•PublicSchools
Independentschools=“Public”schools:
theseareschoolsthatare“independent”fromthegovernmentPrivateschools!
•Manypublicschoolsarepartlyfundedbythegovernment
•Forstudentsages12to18
–(Beforeage12,studentsgoto“preparatoryschools”–privateprimaryschools)
•IndependentSchoolCouncil:
organizationthatinspectsthesePublicschoolsevery6years
•Somepublicschoolsarealsoboardingschools
-Whatisaboardingschool?
(RememberfromOralEnglish)
•Recruitthebestteachers(becauseofbettersalaries),sotheyaregenerallymuchbetterthanthestateschools
•PublicSchools
•HigherEducation
•SomeofthebestuniversitiesintheworldareinGreatBritain
–OxfordUniversity
–CambridgeUniversity
•Universitiesareindependent:
havecompletecontroloverwhatandhowtheyteach
•Nonationalentranceexam–insteaduniversitieschoosewhotoacceptusing:
–GradesfromtheA-levelexams
–Schoolreferences
–Interview
•Only1/3orsoofyoungpeoplegotocollegeoruniversity
–Butthisisanimprovement:
10yearsago,wasonly1/6ofyoungpeople
•OxfordandCambridgeUniversities
•HigherEducation
•Alluniversitiesreceivemoneyfromthegovernment–thegovernmentprovides65%ofthemoneytheyspend
(well,thereisoneexception:
BuckinghamUniversityiscompletelyprivate–nomoneyfromthegovernment)
•Before1998,universitieswerefreeforstudents
–Buttoday,allstudentsmustpaytuition
•Today,universitiescanchoosehowmuchtuitiontocharge
–Butthegovernmentsetsa£3,000limit(peryear)
–HowmuchisthatinRMB?
31,650RMB
•Governmentalsogivesmaintenancegrants:
–Scholarshipstoallowstudentsfrompoorfamiliestoattenduniversity
•HowlongisGB’shighereducation?
•InBritain:
studentsspend3yearsinuniversityfortheirfirstdegree
–BA–BachelorofArts
–BSC–BachelorofScience
•Canbelongerforforeignlanguagestudents:
–Thesestudentsoftenstudyabroadforasemesterorayearduringthistime,soittakeslonger
•+1moreyearfull-time(2yearspart-time)toreceiveaMaster’sdegree
•+3-5moreyearstoreceiveaDoctoraldegree
–Studyanddoingresearch
•Culture
•fullofcultureandtraditionsforhundredsofyears.
•famousallovertheworld.
•drinkingtea,eatingfishandchipsandwearingbowlerhats,
•traditionsofsport,music,foodandmanyroyaloccasions..
•Tea
•Atea-drinkingnation.
–165millioncupsofthestuffperday
–Eachyear144thousandtonsofteaareimported.
•Brewedinawarmedteapot,addingonespoonfulofteaperpersonandoneforthepot.
•MostBritonsliketheirteastronganddark,butwithalotofmilk.
•Howtomaketea…
ThetraditionalEnglishwayofmakingteais:
•Boilsomefreshcoldwater.(useanelectrickettletoboilwater)
•Putsomehotwaterintotheteapottomakeitwarm.
•Pourthewateraway
•Putoneteaspoonoftea-leavesperperson,andoneextratea-spoon,intothepot.
•Pourboilingwaterontothetea.
•Leaveforafewminutes.
•Serve
•DidYouKnow…?
•“Wouldyoulikeacuppa”=Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?
•“Letmebemother”or“ShallIbemother?
”meanstheyareofferingtopourtheteafromtheteapotintoyourteacup
Teawordsorphrases:
•Teabreak,hightea,teaparty
•Teabreaksarewhenteaandbiscuits(cookies)areserved(typicallyat11amand4pm)
•Ifsomethingisnotquitetoyourtaste,it’sprobably“notyourcupoftea”
–Example:
“Parasailingisnotmycupoftea”
•Otherbeverages…
Coffee
•aspopularinBritainasteais.
•drinkitwithmilkorhaveitblackandeitherhavefreshly-madecoffeeorinstantcoffee.
Beer
•wellknownforitsale(akindofbeer)whichtendstobedarkinappearanceandheavierthanlager.
Wine
•Britain'swineindustryisgrowingandnowhasover300wineproducers.AgrowingnumberofBritishvineyardsarenowproducingsparklingwhitewineaswellasredwine.
•FishandChips
•Fishandchips--classicEnglishtake-awayfood
•ThetraditionalnationalfoodofEngland(unofficially)
•Popularinthe1860'swhenrailwaysbegantobringfreshfishstraightfromtheeastcoasttothecitiesovernight
•Pubs
Whatisapub?
•Theword“pub”isshortforpublichouse.
•ThisiswherecanpeopleeatinBritainapartfromathomeorinarestaurant
•PubsareanimportantpartofBritishlife.
•Peopletalk,eat,drink,meettheirfriendsandrelaxthere.
(popularsocialmeetingplaces)
•Over60,000pubsintheUK
–(53,000inEnglandandWales,5,200inScotlandand1,600inNorthernIreland)
•Pubsoftenhavetwobars,oneusuallyquieterthantheother
•Manyhaveagardenwherepeoplecansitinthesummer.Childrencangoinpubgardenswiththeirparents.
•BarCustoms
•Groupsoffriendsnormallybuy'rounds'ofdrinks
•Itissometimesdifficulttogetservedwhenpubsarebusy:
–peopledonotwaitinline,butthebarstaffwillusuallytryandservethosewhohavebeenwaitingthelongestatthebarfirst.
•Ifyouspillastranger'sdrinkbyaccident,itisgoodmannerstooffertobuyanotherdrink.
•BritishBeer
•Mostpubsbelongtoabrewerybutsellmanydifferentkindsofbeer,someontap(fromabigcontainerunderthebar,calledakeg)andsomeinbottles.
•BitterBeer,whichisdarkandservedatroomtemperature(nothot,notcold).Britishbeerisbrewedfrommaltandhops.
•BritishBeer
•Morepopulartodaythoughislager,(lighterincolorandservedcold.)Guinness,averydark,creamykindofbeercalledastout,ismadeinIrelandandispopularalloverBritain.
•IntheWestofEngland,ciderisverypopular.Likewine,itisdescribedassweetordry,butisdrunkinbeerglassesandcanbestrongerthanbeer.
•Beersareservedin"pints"
foralargeglassand"halves"
forasmallerone.
•Mostpubsareopenfrom
11amto11pm
•Games
•Variousgames,especiallydarts,arecommonlyfoundinpubs
•Also,livetransmissionsofsoccer(football)orotherleaguematchesareshownonTVatthepubs,sothatfriendscancomeandwatchthematchtogetheratthepub.
•LicensingLaws
•Thelegalagetopurchasealcoholis18.
–Peopleaged16and17,withthelicensee'spermission,mayconsumeonly1glassofwine,beerorciderwithatablemeal,providingthey'rewithanadultandtheadultordersit(England&Walesonly,Scotlandnoadultrequiredtobepresent).
•Itisillegaltosellalcoholtosomeonewhoalreadyappearsdrunk
•AskforPhotoID(under21.)
–Purchasingalcoholonbehalfofaminorwillresultinan£80on-the-spotfine
•Fourteen-year-oldsmayenterapubwithoutanadultiftheyorderameal.Childrenmayenterapubwiththeirparentsuntil9p.m.,whichletsfamiliesenjoyreasonablypricedpubmealstogether,andallowspubstocontinueintheirtraditionalrolesascommunitycenters
•CustomsinBritishPubs
•DifferentfromthoseinAmericanbars.
–InBritain,youmustgotothebartoorderdrinksandfoodandpayforyourpurchaseimmediately,thereisnotableservice.
•Bar
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