新世纪研究生英语听说教程原文Unit9SurvivalEnvironment.docx
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新世纪研究生英语听说教程原文Unit9SurvivalEnvironment.docx
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新世纪研究生英语听说教程原文Unit9SurvivalEnvironment
Unit9SurvivalEnvironment
ThinkingAhead
Studentsareaskedtodiscussthefollowingquestionsingroups.Thereferenceanswersforthequestionsareofferedbelow:
1.Doyouthinkthattheenvironmentwearelivinginisgettingbetterorworse?
Inwhatways?
Ithinktheenvironmentwearenowlivinginisdeterioratingsteadily.Therearemanyexamples:
degradationofairquality,pollutionofwater,lossofmanyplantsandanimals,widespreaddeforestation,globalwarming,overuseofplasticbags,etc.
2.Manypeopletendtotalkabout“toprotecttheenvironment”.Doyouagree?
Why?
Whathaveyoudoneinyourday-to-daylivestoprotecttheenvironmentornottoharmourearth?
Tobehonest,Idon’tagree.Manyofactivitieswhichwecall“toprotecttheenvironment”areactuallynotharmingtheearthorharmingourplanetless,forexample,drivingfewermileseachweek,usinglessnon-degradableplasticbagsandsoon.
Thingswecoulddoinourday-to-daylives:
⏹Installawater-savingtoilet.
⏹Turnoffthewaterwhenbrushingteeth,shaving,etc.
⏹Runthedishwasheronlywithafullload.
⏹Replacelightbulbswithcompactfluorescentbulbsorotherenergyefficientlightbulbs.
⏹Buyenergyefficientappliances.
⏹Keepyourrefrigerator’stemperaturesetatamedium-cooltemperature.
⏹Usedouble-panewindowstobetterinsulateyourhome.
⏹Turnofflightswhennotinuse.
⏹Turnoffyourcomputer,television,etc.whennotinuse.
⏹Makesureyourprinterpaperis100%post-consumerrecycledpaper.Thepaperindustryisthethirdgreatestcontributortoglobalwarmingemissions.
⏹Useemailinsteadofsnailmailforinformalletters.
⏹Printorcopyonbothsidesofthepaperwheneverpossible.
⏹Looktoyardsales,thriftstoresandantiqueshopsforusedhouseholdgoodsinsteadofbuyingnewones.“Oneman’strashisanotherman’streasure.”
⏹Recycleeverything:
newspapers,cellphones,electronics,cans,glass,aluminum,motoroil,scrapmetal,etc.
⏹Usethestairsinsteadoftheelevatorwheneverpossible.
⏹Buyafuel-efficient/eco-friendlycar.
⏹Carpoolorusepublictransitwheneverpossible.
⏹Rideyourbikeorwalk.
⏹Encourageyourfamily,friends,andneighborstosaveresources.
(From
PartIVideoTime
Inthispart,studentswillhave2taskstoaccomplish.
Task1
Intask1,studentswillwatchavideoclipfromObamaaboutenergyandenvironment,andthendotheexercisesasrequired.Beforewatching,theyaresupposedtoreadthewords,expressionsandculturalnotesrelatedtothevideo.
Transcript
BarackObama:
EnergyandEnvironment
Theeyesoftheworldhavealwaysturnedtothisnationasthelastbestowal(赠与)oftheearth.FromthemomentItakeofficeaspresident,Iwillcalltogetherscientistsandentrepreneurs(<法>企业家(entrepreneur的名词复数);主办人);headsofindustryandlabor;Democrats,RepublicansandAmericansfromallwalksoflifetohelpdevelopanddeploy(使展开;施展;有效地利用)thenextgenerationofenergythatwillallowustobuildthenextgeneration’seconomy.
Thedaysofthedebateaboutwhetherornottheglobeisgettingwarmerareover.Weknowthatglobalwarmingisreal,thatifwedon’tdoanythingaboutglobalclimatechange,thatwecouldseecatastrophic(adj.灾难的;惨重的,悲惨结局的)results.
Rightnowwecouldincreasethefuelefficiencystandardtoourcarsto43milesagallon,ifweincreaseourfuelefficiencyto43milesagallon,thenwewillimportzerooilfromtheMiddleEast.That’ssomethingthatwecoulddorightnow.
Wetakeanationallow-carbonfuelstandardandincreasefuelefficiencystandards.Wecouldtaketheequivalentof50millioncarsworthofpollutionofftheroadbytheyear2020.Thequestionisnotifarenewableenergyeconomywillthriveinthefuture,it’swhere.AndifwewantthatplacetobetheUnitedStatesofAmerica,wecannolongeraffordtowait.Yousay20%ofourenergywouldcomefromnewmoresourceslikewind,likesolar,likebiomass,liketidalenergy.Andbysettingthosehighstandards,suddenly,youstarttoseemoreinvestmentintheseareas,technologyimprovesandoverthelongrun,youstarttoseesignificantchanges.We’rejustuptounderstandwegetmoreobligationstothenextgeneration,tomakesurethey’vegotaplanetwhichissustainableandadmirablethesamewayweinheritthesustainableandadmirableplanetfromourparents,andourgrandparents.AndIthinkyoungpeople,inparticular,recognizetheimportanceofthisissue,andinthelongday-to-daylives,theyaretryingtomakesuretheyarecarbonneutral,makesuretheyarenotwasteful,andalmostthingsaddup.
Iwantourchildrenandourchildren’schildrentopointtothisgenerationandthismomentasthetimewhenAmericafounditswayagain.AsthetimewhenAmericaovercamethedivisionandthepoliticsandthepettinessofanearliererasothatanewgenerationcouldcometogetherandtakeonthemosturgentchallengeofthisera.IamrunningforthepresidencyoftheUnitedStatestoleadustowardthisnewera.
(From
KeytoExercises
Exercise1WatchingforSpecificInformation
Studentsareaskedtowatchthevideoclipandfillintheblankswiththemissinginformation.
1)Theeyesoftheworldhavealwaysturnedtothisnationasthelastbestowaloftheearth.
2)Weknowthatglobalwarmingisreal,thatifwedon’tdoanythingaboutglobalclimatechange,thatwecouldseecatastrophicresults.
3)Rightnowwecouldincreasethefuelefficiencystandardofourcarto43milesagallon,ifweincreasethefuelefficiencyto43milesagallon,thenwewillimportzerooilfromtheMiddleEast.
4)Yousay20%ofourenergywouldcomefromnewmoresourceslikewind,likesolar,likebiomass,liketidalenergy.
5)Andbysettingthosehighstandards,suddenly,youstarttoseemoreinvestmentintheseareas,technologyimprovesandoverthelongrun,youstarttoseesignificantchanges.
6)AndIthinkyoungpeople,inparticular,recognizetheimportanceofthisissue,andinthelongday-to-daylives,theyaretryingtomakesuretheyarecarbonneutral,makesuretheyarenotwasteful,andalmostthingsaddup.
Exercise2GroupDiscussion
StudentsareaskedtowatchthevideoclipagainandthendiscussingroupstheviewpointsofObamaonenergyandenvironment.
SuggestedAnswer
Fromthevideoclip,wecanfindthatwhatBarackObamasaysabouttheUnitedStatesreachingouttotheworld,inaspiritofrealcooperationandleadershiponclimate-changeissues,isveryimportant.It’stime,atlast,foranewpresidenttoreverseWashington’sarrogantandbone-headedattitudesofthepastsevenandahalfyears.Inthisclip,Obamaemphasizedhiscommitmenttoinvestingincleantechnology,sayingthatnewtechnologyfromtheUnitedStatescanhelpothercountriestofightclimatechange.Inaword,weallshouldassumetheresponsibilityofourgenerationinprotectingtheenvironmentandleaveabrightandcleanworldtoourfuturegeneration.
Task2
Intask2,studentswillwatchavideoclipaboutglobalwarmingintheworldandthendotheexercisesasrequired.Beforewatching,theyaresupposedtoreadthewords,expressionsandculturalnotesrelatedtothevideo.
Transcript
GlobalWarming
For2.5millionyears,theearthclimatehasfluctuated,cyclingfromiceagestowarmerperiods.Butinthelastcentury,theplanet’stemperaturehasrisenunusuallyfast—about1.2to1.4degreesFahrenheit.Scientistsbelieveit’shuman’sactivitythat’sdrivingthetemperaturesup;aprocessknownasglobalwarming.Eversincetheindustrialrevolutionbegan,factories,powerplantsandeventually,cars,haveburnedfossilfuelssuchasoilandcoal,releasinghugeamountsofcarbondioxideandothergasesintotheatmosphere.Thesegreenhousegasestrap(vt:
诱捕;使…受限制;使…陷入困境n:
陷阱;圈套;vi:
设陷阱)heatneartheearththroughanaturallyoccurringprocesscalledthegreenhouseeffect.Thegreenhouseeffectbeginswiththesunandtheenergyitradiates(vt:
辐射;传播;流露;发射;广播vi:
辐射;流露;发光;从中心向各方伸展adj:
辐射状的;有射线的)totheearth.Theearthandtheatmosphereabsorbsomeofthisenergy,whiletherestisradiatedbackintospace.Naturallyoccurringgasesintheatmospheretrapsomeofthisenergyandreflectitback,warmingtheearth.Scientistsnowbelievethatthegreenhouseeffectisbeingintensified(vi:
增强,强化;变激烈vt:
使加强,使强化;使变激烈)bytheextragreenhousegasesthathumanshavereleased.Evidenceforglobalwarmingincludesarecentstringofverywarmyears.Scientistsreportthat1998wasthewarmestyearinmeasuredhistory,with2005cominginsecond.Meanwhile,readingstakenfromicecoresshowthatthegreenhousegases,carbondioxideandmethanehavehittheirhighestlevelinthepast420,000years.
Arcticseaiceisalsoshrinking.AccordingtoNASAstudies,theextentofArcticseaicehasdeclinedabout10%inthelast30years.Aslongasindustrializednationsconsumeenergyanddevelopingcountriesincreasetheirfossilfuelconsumption,theconcentrationofgreenhousegasesintheatmospherewillcontinuetorise.Researcherspredictthattemperatureswillincreaseabout2to10degreesFahrenheitbytheendofthecentury.What’slesscertainiswhatrisingtemperaturesmeanfortheplanet.Someclimatemodelspredictsubtlechanges.Othersforecastrisingsealevelwhichcouldfloodcoastalareasaroundtheworld.Weatherpatternscouldchange,makinghurricanesmorefrequent.Severedroughtscouldbecomemorecommoninwarmareasandspeciesunabletoadapttothechangingconditionswouldfaceextinction.
Althoughmuchremainstobe
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