美国农村金融管理中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx

美国农村金融管理中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx

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美国农村金融管理中英文对照外文翻译文献

美国农村金融管理中英文对照外文翻译文献

（文档含英文原文和中文翻译）

原文：

RuralFinance:

TheAmericanExperience

ConstructionoftheruralfinancialsystemtheU.S.Thebasicprincipleistoprovidefinancialsupportforagriculturaldevelopment.Afteryearsofdevelopment,ruralAmericaasawholeformedamulti-level,fullrangeoffinancialinstitutions,throughgovernmentsubsidies,thedevelopmentofruralfinancialsystem,increaseagriculturalproduction,agriculturalloansandvariouschannelssuchassocial,agriculturalfinancingfundstomeettheagriculturalthedevelopmentofavarietyoffinancialneeds,toprovidethefinancialsecurityofagriculturalmodernization.Buildinganewsocialistcountryside,wemustadheretothedevelopmentoftheruraleconomyasthecenter,anddevelopingtheruraleconomycannotdowithoutthesupportofruralfinance.

Ruraleconenomicdevelopmentofruralfinanceasthemostimportantelementsofthecapitalallocationsystem,anditsrolemoreandmoreobvious,ruralfinancialXingxingisagriculture,ruralfinanceactivities,theagriculturalactivities.Agriculturaldevelopmentfromtheexperienceofothercountries,bothdevelopedanddevelopingcountrieshaveattachedgreatimportancetoruralfinancialinstitutionbuilding.Insomecountriestheruralfinancialdevelopmentbetter,establishageneralpolicy,includingfinancial,co-financeandruralinsurance,includingcomprehensive,multi-levelfinancialsystem,establishafundtosupportruraldevelopmentcycleoflong-termmechanism,morebettersupporttheruralandagriculturaldevelopment,safeguardingtheinterestsofthemajorityoffarmers.Weareontheruralfinancialsysteminthesecountriesacomparativeanalysisofproposedruralfinancialsystemandimprovethepathselection.

Theruralfinancialsystemconstructionrationale

Ruralfinancialtheorytotheformationanddevelopment,hasreceivedthemodernfinancialdevelopmenttheoriesandpoliciesofinfluence.Fromdevelopingcountriesofruralfinancialtheoryperspective,thethreemajorgenres:

agriculturalfinancingtheory,ruralfinancialmarkettheoryandrecentincompletecompetitiontheory.

Intheearly1980s,beforeagriculturefinancetheorieshavebeenruralfinancialtheoryofmainstream.Thistheoryisbasedonthatofruralresidents,especiallypoorstratanotsavingability,ruralisfacingfundshortageproblem.Andbecausetheagriculturaloutputcharacteristics（incomeuncertainty,investmentlong-termandlowyield,etc.）,agricultureandcannotbeacommercialbank'sinvestmentobject,thismakestheruralfinancialmessup,alargeamountoffundoutflow.Therefore,itisnecessarytoruralperipheralinfusepolicyfund,andestablishnon-profitprofessionalfinancialinstitutionstocapitalallocation.However,thisover-relianceonexternalfundingofruralfinancialpolicyhassparkedfunds,thelowefficiencyofthelowreturnaseriesofcontradictions,inadditiontotheruralfinancialmarketmechanismofneglect,causeruralfinancialcycledevelopmentthelong-termmechanismofdifficulttobuild.

Inthe1980s,theruralfinancialmarkettheorygraduallyreplacedagriculturalcreditsubsidiestheory.Itsmaintheories,thelackofruralfinancialcapital,notbecausefarmersnotsavingability,butduetotheruralfinancialsystemunreasonablefinancialarrangements（suchasgovernmentregulation,interestratecontrol,etc.）,curbitsdevelopment.Itspoliciesare:

toplayaroleinfinancialmarkets,andreducegovernmentintervention,realizeinterestratemarketization,achievingruralsavingsandcapitalsupplyanddemandthebalance,Cancelspecialspecifictargetloansystem,theappropriatedevelopmentofnon-formalfinancemarket,etc.

Sincethe1990s,againappearedimperfectcompetitionmarkettheory.Thistheoryismainly,andthemarketmechanismisnoteverything,forstablefinancialmarketforreasonablegovernmentinterventionisnecessary.ImperfectcompetitionmarketistherepresentativefigureofSiDiGeLiCithatbecauseoftheexistenceofmarketfailurefactors,thegovernmentinruralfinancialmarketaveryimportantrole,butthegovernmentalsocannotreplacemarket,butshouldbecomethebeneficialsupplementofthemarket.Thegovernmentoffinancialmarketsupervisionshouldadoptindirectcontrolmechanism,andaccordingtocertainprincipleestablishregulatoryscopeandstandards.Ruralfinancialmarketisnotacompletelycompetitivemarket,especiallytheloanparty（financialinstitutions）totheborrower'ssituationcan'tfullygraspthe,plusruralspecialcases,financialinstitutionstocontrolruralsystemrisk,iffullyinaccordancewithmarketmechanismmightnotbeabletocultivatearuralsocialneededfinancialmarket,therefore,itisnecessarytoadoptappropriatefinancialmarkets,suchasgovernmentinterventionandtheborrower'sorganizati