Government I Chapter One American Government Democracy in Action.docx
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Government I Chapter One American Government Democracy in Action.docx
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GovernmentIChapterOneAmericanGovernmentDemocracyinAction
GOVERNMENTILECTURESFOREXAMONE
CHAPTER1:
PEOPLE,POLITICS,ANDPARTICIPATION
Prof.MichaelNojeim,PVAMU(mjnojeim@pvamu.edu)
I.WhyshouldyoustudyAmericandemocracynow?
a.BecauseAmerica'syouthcaresnow
b.Youthactivism(volunteering)todaynearlytwicewhatitwas30yearsago.
c.Youngvoters(18-21)hadthebiggestincreaseinturnoutin2004
d.Theassignedtextisgearedtowardreachingouttoyou
II.BasicDefinitionsandWhatGovernmentDoes
a.Politics:
Theprocessofdecidingwhogetsbenefitsinsocietyandwhoisexcludedfrombenefiting(or“whogetswhat,whenandhow”)
b.Government:
Asetofinstitutionsthatcreateandimplementthepoliciesandlawsthatguidetheconductofanationanditscitizens.
i.TypesofGov’t:
1.Monarchy:
Kingorqueenrulew/dynastic,family-inheritance
2.Oligarchy:
Onlyasmallgroupofeliteholdpower,suchasthemilitary
3.Democracy:
gov’tofthepeople,bythepeople&forthepeople
a.Directdemocracyvs.indirectdemocracy
4.Totalitarianism–tyrannicalstructure,controlsALLofsociety
a.ExamplesincludeHitler’sGermany,NorthKoreatoday
5.Authoritariansim–verystrong,butslightlylimitedbysocialorgans.
a.Usuallyjustonepoliticalpartyisallowed
6.Constitutionalism–gov’toflaws(notmenorwomen)andisstructuredandlimitedbyformaldocumentsthatallmustobey
c.Functionsofgovernment
i.Toprotectsovereignterritoryandcitizenryandtoprovidenationaldefense
ii.Topreserveorderandstability:
localpolice,FBI
iii.Toestablishandmaintainalegalsystem:
criminaljustice
iv.Toprovideservices:
SocialSecurity,Medicare
v.Toraiseandspendmoney:
taxingandspendingforschools,roads.
vi.Tosocializenewgenerations:
pledgeofallegiance,nationalanthem.
III.TheOriginsofAmericanDemocracy
a.Democracy’smodernorigins:
TheReformationandtheEnlightenment
i.First“American”documentofself-governmentwastheMayflowerCompact
ii.ObjectiontotheDivineRightofKings
iii.PeoplecouldchallengetheCrownandtheChurch
iv.PeoplecouldcommunicatedirectlywithGodandchoosetheirownleaders
v.Peoplecouldthink,usescienceandactrationallybasedontheirself-interest
b.Modernpoliticalphilosophers:
Hobbes(1588-1679),Locke(1632-1704)andJean-JacquesRousseau(1712-1778)
i.SocialContractTheory:
peopleagreetogiveupsomefreedomsogov’tcanprotectothers;ifgov’tbreaksthecontract,thepeoplehavearighttorevolt
ii.AccordingtoNaturalLaw,peoplehavenaturalrights
iii.RepresentativeDemocracy
iv.Peoplepossessedpopularsovereignty
IV.PoliticalCultureandValues:
thepeoples’beliefsandattitudestowardgov’tandpolitics
a.Liberty:
theFiveFreedomsoftheFirst
b.Equality:
ofopportunityforwhom?
c.Capitalism:
privateenterpriseandprivateownershipofbusinessesrunforprofitwithlittlegov’tintervention
i.Thefreeworkingsofthemarketplaceiswherethepowerresides,notgov’t
d.Consentofthegoverned:
gov’texistsandworkstotheextentthepeopleletit
e.Individual,family,andcommunity
V.TheChangingFaceofAmericanDemocracy
a.Apopulationthatisgrowing,aging,movingandbecomingincreasinglydiverse
b.In1980,80%ofUSpopulationwaswhite;in2000itwentdownto70%andtodaytheestimateisabout66%
c.Latinopopulationisbooming,Blackpopulationremainingstagnant
d.ThesechangeshavehugeimplicationsforAmericangov’tandpolitics
VI.Ideology:
APrismforViewingAmericanDemocracy
a.Liberalism:
favorchangeinsocial,politicalandeconomicareastobetterprotectindividualfreedomsandequality.Oftenseearoleforactivegov’t
b.Conservatism:
opposechange,favorpreservingtradition,emphasizefamilyandcommunity.Preferalimitedroleofgov’t,onethatactsinadecentralizedway
c.Socialism:
gov’towned,operatedbusinessandindustrytoensureequalityforall
d.Libertarianism:
gov’tshouldtakeahands-offapproachinnearlyeverything;averylimitedroleforgov’t
e.Neoconservatism:
“hawks”onforeignpolicy,advocatesofU.S.militarysuperiority
f.NeoconswereverypowerfulintheBushyears,esp’llyhisfirstterm
CHAPTER18:
INTRODUCTIONTOTEXASGOVERNMENT
I.Texas:
AHugeState,aLandofContrasts
a.Secondlargestintermsofpopulationandland
i.Populationwentfrom11millionin1970to>22milliontoday
b.Anglo,AfricanAmerican,HispanicandasmallAsianAmericanpopulation
c.Asouthernstatewithasouthernheritage
d.Awesternstatewithawesternheritage
e.Also,averystrongSpanishandMexicanheritage
f.ThesoutherncultureofEastTexasisdifferentfromthewesterncultureoftheplainsregions.
g.TheHispaniccultureoftheRioGrandeandSanAntonioaredistinctivefromtherestofTexas.
h.Urbancultureisdistinctfromruralculture
II.TexasDiversityisReflectedinthePopularThemePark:
“SixFlags”foreachnewgov’t:
a.ASpanishcolony,partiallyunderFrenchcontrol,aMexicanstate,anindependentrepublic,astateintheUnitedStates,aConfederatestate
III.SettlementPatternsorHowTexasCametoLookLikeitDoes
a.1600s:
TejanosorMexicanssettledmostlyintheRioGrandeValleyandSouthTexas
i.CameafterNativeAmericans,theseSpanish-originpeoplemostlyadvocatethetraditionalsub-culture(seebelow)
b.1820s:
SouthernAnglossettledandbroughtAfricanAmericanslaves
i.AntebellumEastTexas-migratedfromDeepSouth(traditionalsub-culture)
ii.FrontierWestTexas-migratedfromUpperSouth(individualsub-culture)
c.1840s:
GermanssettledtheHillCountry(centralTX)&followtheindividualculture
i.Objectedtoslavery,shunnednon-Germans
IV.PopulationGrowth,ChangingDemographicsandtheImpactonPolitics
a.Urbanization:
80%nowliveinurbanareas
b.Immigration:
mostlyfromMexico,butalsofrominsidetheUSAandelsewhere
c.Birthratesandpopulationchange
i.Anglo:
lowbirthrates,decliningpopulation
ii.African-Americans:
decliningbirthrates,stagnatingpopulation
1.Remains10-12%ofTXpopulationfordecades
iii.Mexican-Americans:
highbirthrates,rapidpopulationincreases
iv.Asian-Americans:
smallbutconcentratedinHouston
v.EastTexasAnglosdemandingEnglish-onlyamendmentstothestateconstitution,viewingdemandsforbilingualeducationbySouthTexasHispanicswithcontempt
1.32%ofTXpopulationin2000,willbemajorityWhitesby2030
vi.HighPlainsRepublicansfromAmarillooftenclashwithEastTexastraditionalDemocrats
d.Changingdemographicsleadtopoliticalchange
i.1870sthrough1970s—onepartyDemocraticstate
ii.1970sthroughtoday—Republicansreturntodominance
V.TypesofPoliticalculture
a.Traditional:
maintainexistingorderonbehalfoftheelite,keeplowvoterparticipation,lessgovernmentservices
b.Individual:
politicsasagameofself-interest,littlegovernmentregulationandpresence
c.Moral:
politicsascommongood,improvesociety,moregovernmentservices
d.ThepoliticalcultureofTexasismostlyacombinationoftraditionalandindividual
i.TheimpactofTexas’spoliticalcultureongovernmentandpoliticsinTexas
1.Astrongcynicismanddistrustofgovernmentasreflectedin1876Const’n
2.Powerisdividedamongmanyelectedofficials
3.Executiveauthorityisweak;mostpowerrestswiththestatelegislature
a.Sowehaveaweak,decentralizedstategovernment
4.Fewstateregulationsplacedonbusinesses;oppositiontolaborunions
5.Regulationoftheenvironmentismodest
6.Thestatelegislatureusuallyprotectsthestatusquoandplacesfewrestrictionsonlobbyingandotheractivitiesofinterestgroups
7.Texasoftenranksnearthebottomofthefiftystatesonexpenditures
8.Lowtaxesbutthatmeanslessspendingongovernmentservices
9.Oppositiontoexpandedcivilrights
10.Favoringstates’rightsovercentral(federal)governmentrights
VI.Texas’sChangingEconomy
a.Itusedtoberural,land-based,agricultural:
cotton,cattle,oilandgas
b.Inthe21stcenturythereisamuchmorediversifiedeconomy
i.Today,oilandgasaccountforonlyabout10%oftheeconomy
ii.Manufacturing,technology,healthcareandfinance
iii.InEastTexas:
agrandoildeclining,buttimberisstillimportant,withmanufacturingincreasing.
iv.InthePlainsregion:
morediversifiedbutcattleandranchingstillverystrong
v.GulfCoastregion:
dominatedbypetrochemicalindustries,manufacturing,shippingandfishing,thisregionhasthemosteconomicdiversity
vi.BorderareaandtheRioGrandeValley:
NAFTAincreasedtradew/Mexico
1.40%ofallUSA'sexportstoMexicocomefromTexas
2.6%ofTexas’sentireeconomyisfromexportstoMexico
vii.TheMetroplexofDallas/FortWortharea:
thefinancialcenterofthestate.
viii.TheCentralCorridorormid-stateregion:
High-techinAustinandSanAnton
1.MajormilitarybasesintheWacoandSanAntonioareas.
2.TexasA&MandtheUniversityofTexasatAustinstronglyinfluencetheeconomyinthisregion
c.But,TXremainsoneoftheworstamongthestatesin:
i.thosewithouthealthinsurance,drunkdrivingfatalities,lowvoterturnout,crime,salestaxrates,poverty,
ii.Butamongthelowestincostofliving
CHAPTER2:
THECONSTITUTIONOFTHEUNITEDSTATES
I.WhatisaConstitutionandWhatareitsPurposes?
a.Describesaninstitution’smission
b.Describesaninstitution’sstructure
c.Describesaninstitution’sprocedures
d.HowmanyconstitutionsaremostAmericanssubjectto?
II.TheConstitutionoftheUSA,ratifiedin1788
a.MissionoftheUSConstitution
i.To“formamoreperfectunion”
1.ItistheBasicLaw,orthebasiclegalsystemofacountry
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