南京航空航天大学大一飞行英语lesson1课文.docx
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南京航空航天大学大一飞行英语lesson1课文.docx
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南京航空航天大学大一飞行英语lesson1课文
Lesson1AirCrew
Passage1CaptainandF/ODuties
Thereareusually2-3flightcrewmembersand1-3flightattendantsaboardanairliner.IntheflightdeckaretheCaptain,Co-pilotandflightengineer.Whenthereareonlytwoflightcrewmembers,toreducecoststhere’snoflightengineer.ThecaptainisthePilotinCommand(PIC)whohasthefinalauthorityofalldecisionsandallresponsibilitiesrestonhisshoulders.TheCo-pilotassiststheCaptainanddoesthingslikecalculatingfuelconsumptions,weightandbalance,navigation,etc.HeisSecondinCommand(SIC).TheFlightEngineerhelpsreducetheworkloadoftheCaptainandCo-pilot.Someofhisdutiesmayincludecalculatingfuelconsumptionrate,weightandbalance,andcommunicatingwiththecabincrew.
ThepilotinCommand(PIC)ofanaircraftisthepersonaboardtheaircraftwhoisultimatelyresponsibleforitsoperationandsafetyduringflight.AccordingtoICAO,thePilotinCommandisresponsibleforoperationoftheairplaneinaccordancewithrulesoftheair,andhisfinalauthorityastothedispositionoftheairplanewhileincommand.Thiswouldbethe“captain”inatypicaltwo-orthree-pilotflightcrew,or“pilot”ifthereisonlyonecertifiedandqualifiedpilotatthecontrolsofanaircraft.ThePICmustbecertifiedtooperatetheaircraftforthespecificflightandflightconditions,butneednotbeactuallycontrollingtheaircraftatanygivenmoment.ThePICisthepersonlegallyinchargeoftheaircraftanditsflightsafetyandoperation,andwouldnormallybetheprimarypersonliableforaviolationofanyflightrule.
AccordingtoFAA,thePICisresponsiblefortheoperationandsafetyoftheaircraftduringflighttime,whichmeansthetotaltimefromthemomentanaircraftfirstmovesunderitsownpowerforthepurposeoftakingoffuntilthemomentitcomestorestattheendoftheflight.Thiswouldnormallyincludetaxiing,whichinvolvesthegroundoperationtoandfromtherunway.Butitislegalforamechanicorotherpersontotaxianaircraftonthegroundforthepurposeofmovingitfromonespottoanotherwithoutapilot’slicense.
AstheFAAputsit,thepilotincommandofanaircraftisdirectlyresponsiblefor,andisthefinalauthorityasto,theoperationofthataircraft.Inanin-flightemergencyrequiringimmediateaction,thepilotincommandmaydeviatefromanyrulesofthisparttotheextentrequiredtomeetthatemergency.Eachpilotincommandwhodeviatesfromaruleofthissectionshall,upontherequestoftheadministrator,sendawrittenreportofthatdeviationtotheadministrator.
EspeciallyinterestinginFAR91.3,whichempowersthePICtooverrideanyotherregulationinanemergency,totakethesafestcourseofactionathis/hersolediscretion.ItessentiallygivesthePICthefinalauthorityinanysituationinvolvingthesafetyofaflight,irrespectiveofanyotherlawsorregulations.Incommercialaviation,thefirstofficeristhesecondpilot(orco-pilot)ofanaircraft.Thefirstofficerissecond-in-commandoftheaircraft.Intheeventofincapacitationofthecaptain,thefirstofficerwilltakeonthedutiesofthePIC.Controloftheaircraftisnormallysharedequallybetweenthefirstofficerandthecaptain,withonepilotbeingthe“PilotFlying”(PF),andtheotherthe“PilotNotFlying”(PNF),or“PilotMonitoring”(PM),foreachflight.Evenwhenthefirstofficeristheflyingpilot,however,thecaptainremainsultimatelyresponsiblefortheaircraft,itspassengers,andthecrew.Intypicalday-to-dayoperation,theessentialjobtasksremainfairlyequal.
Becausemanyairlinespromotebyseniorityonlywithintheirowncompany,thefirstofficermayattimeshavemoreflightexperiencethanthecaptain,inthattheymayhaveexperiencefromotherairlinesorthemilitary.Traditionally,thefirstofficersitsontheright-handsideofafixed-wingaircraftandtheleft-handsideofahelicopter.
NewWords
crewn.人员,组员airlinern.班机,大型客机
authorityn.权威,权限briefingn.讲述,讲评
emergencyn.紧急proceduren.程序
evacuationn.撤离operationn.运转,工作,操作
dispositionn.处置,处理certifyv.认证,认可,证明
manipulatev.操纵taxiv.滑行
mechanicn.机务员,机械人员licensen.执照
deviatev.偏离(from)discretionn.决定
overridev.超控provisionn.条款
justificationn.证明incapacitationn.失能
airlinen.航空公司seniorityn.资历
helicoptern.直升机
Expressions
flightcrew机组人员PilotFlying操纵飞机飞行员
flightattendant空中乘务员PilotNotFlying未操纵飞机的飞行员
flightengineer飞行机械师PilotMonitoring监控飞行员
PilotinCommand责任机长FirstOfficer副驾驶
Notes
ICAOInternationalCivilAviationOrganization国际民航组织
FAAFederalAviationAdministration联邦航空局(美国)
FARFederalAviationRegulations《联邦航空条例》(美国)
EXERCISES
I.DescribethegiventermsfromthetextinEnglish.
1.flightdeck2.PIC3.incapacitation
4.flighttime5.Captain6.PNF
II.Answerthefollowingquestionsafteryouhavereadthetext.
1.Whatcrewmembersareincludedinanairplane?
2.Whatarethedutiesfordifferentcrewmembers?
3.Inwhatconditionswilltheco-pilottakeontheresponsibilityofcommandinganaircraft?
4.CanyoutellthedifferencesbetweenPIC,captainandpilot?
5.AccordingtoFAA,whataretheresponsibilityandauthorityofPIC?
6.AccordingtoICAO,whatisthePilotinCommandresponsiblefor?
7.WhydoesFARgivefinalauthoritytoPICinanemergency?
8.ShouldPFalwaysbethePilotinCommand?
Giveyourreasons.
9.WhydosomeFirstOfficershavemoreexperiencethattheircaptains?
10.Wheredoesthefirstofficernormallysitinahelicopter?
IIICompletethefollowingshortpassagebyfillingtheblankswiththewordsgiveninthebox.
optimalairplaneswhiletransportregulations
flightturnsfunctioningin-flightcommunicate
AirlinePilots
Airlinepilots1________passengersandcargoviacommercialaircraft.Theyareresponsibleforvarious2_________andnon-flyingduties.Airlinepilotsareresponsibleforavarietyoftasksrelatedtothesafeoperationofthe3________theyareresponsibleforflying.
Priortotakeoff,airlinepilotsareresponsibleforverifyingthattheinstruments,controls,engines,andotherflightsystemsare4________thewaytheyshould.Monitoringcontinuesthroughoutthe5________,andchangesarerequestedandimplementedasneeded6________enroute.
Oncommercialflights,therearetwopilotsatthehelmoftheairplane.Eachflightisstaffedbyacaptainandafirstofficer,andthetwopilotstypicallytake7________flyingdifferentlegs(航段)ofeachtrip.They8________withflightdispatchers(签派人员)airtrafficcontrollers,andmeteorologisttoselectthebestrouteforthetrip,includingdeterminingthe9________altitudeandspeedfortravel.
Onceaflightlands,airlinepilotsarerequiredtocompleterecordsabouttheirjourneysincompliancewiththe10_______ofboththecompanyforwhichtheyworkandtheFederalAviationAdministration(FAA).
TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoproperEnglish.
1.一名乘务人员向机长报告,商务舱有名乘客心脏病发作,她们正在给他吸氧。
2.旅客登机时间到了。
3.机组被要求滑行时小心,滑行道滑。
4.在很多场合都需要地面服务,比如机腹着陆、炸弹威胁等。
5.机长负责飞机及机上乘客的安全。
6.移动放气活门的位置就可以调节气流的大小。
7.飞行计划是签派员跟机组人员就飞行细节进行沟通的方式。
8.如果遇到特殊情况,可能会实施特殊进场程序。
9.我想飞商用飞机,因此申请参加了波音737的模拟机训练。
10.飞机在五边遇到了暴雨,机长指挥副驾驶复飞右转。
VReadthefollowingparagraphalouduntilyoucansayitinanaturalwayfromyourmemory.
Learningtoflyfromaflightinstructor(飞行教员)isoneofthemostexcitingandcostlyopportunitiesthatstudentspilotscanhave.Hewillbethemostinfluentialpersoninourcareerstofly.
Instructorsarelifesavers.Makingamistakeinaplanecanleadtoalotofproblemsunlesstheinstructorisqualified.Often,thequalityofapilot,especiallyintheearlystages,isareflectionofthequalityofthepersonwhohastaughtthem.Duringflighttraining,theinstructorwillsaveusandtheaircraftfrommanyofmistakes,whicharepossiblyfatal.Therefore,aninstructorissupposedtohaveappropriateexperienceandknowshowtocorrecttheproblem,orinextremecases,totakeoverandsavebothofourlives.
Goodinstructorsmakegreatpilots.Itisimportanttohaveastrictinstructorwhowillworkwithusinordertoreachperfection.Apatientinstructorcanmakeyoungpilotsfeelconfidentintheirabilities.Also,teachingtechniqueisveryimportant.Manyinstructorsprefertoteachinbriefingroomsbeforetakingstudentsupintotheair.Othersbringstudentsupintheairrightatthebeginningandteachthemhowtoflybyhavingthemfly.
Passage2Cockpit
Acockpitorflightdeckisthearea,usuallynearthefrontofanaircraft,fromwhichapilotcontrolstheaircraft.Mostmoderncockpitsareenclosed,exceptonsomesmallaircraft,andcockpitsonlargeairlinersarealsoseparatedfromthecabin.Thecockpitofanaircraftcontainsflightinstrumentsonaninstrumentpanel,andthecontrolswhichenablethepilottoflytheaircraft.Inmostairliners,adoorseparatesthecockpitfromthepassengercompartment.
Cockpitwindowsmaybeequippedwithasunshield.Mostcockpitshavewindowswhichcanbeopenedwhentheaircraftisontheground.Nearlyallglasswindowsinlargeaircrafthaveananti-reflectivecoating,andaninternalheatingelementtomeltice.Inmostcockpitsthepilot’scontrolcolumnislocatedcentrally,althoughinsomemilitaryfastjetsandinsomecommercialairlinersthepilotusesaside-stick.
Humanfactorsareimportantinthedesignofmoderncockpits.Thelayoutandfunctionofcockpitdisplaysandcontrolsaredesignedtoincreaseapilot’ssituationawarenesswithoutcausinginformationoverload.
Inthe
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