纺织面料整理篇Textile finishing.docx
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纺织面料整理篇Textile finishing.docx
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纺织面料整理篇Textilefinishing
纺织面料整理篇(Textilefinishing)
Textilefinishing
Textilefiberisdividedintotwokinds:
naturalfiberandsyntheticfiber
Naturalfiber:
cotton,wool,silk,hemp
Commonfiberproperties:
Wool:
moistureabsorption,elasticityandwearabilityaregood,notresistanttomotheaten,acidandmetalbindingdyes.
Silk:
moistureabsorption,breathability,glossandgoodwearability,suitableforacidanddirectdyes.
Cotton:
breathable,moistureabsorption,goodperformance,insectresistance,suitablefordirect,reductive,azo,alkalinemedia,sulfide,reactivedyes.
Syntheticfiber:
nylon,polyester,acrylic,polypropylene,spandex,vinylon
Polyester:
fabric,neat,crisp,goodshapepreservation,wearresistance,dimensionalstability,easytowash,quickdrying,suitablefordispersedyes,diazodispersedyes,solubleVATdyes.
Nylon:
abrasionresistanceisparticularlygood,poorventilation,suitableforaciddyes,dispersedyes.
Acrylic:
fluffyandhaveasenseoffur,suitablefordispersedyes,cationicdyes.
Identification:
hand,visual,burning,microscopy,dissolution,coloringandinfraredspectrometry
A.firstidentifiednaturalfibersandchemicalfibersbycombustion.
B.ifitisanaturalfiber,thevariousplantandanimalfibersareidentifiedbymicroscopicobservation.Ifitisachemicalfiber,thedifferenceofthemeltingpoint,specificgravity,refractiveindexandsolubilityofthefiberwillbedistinguishedonebyone.
Intheidentificationofmixedandblendedyarns,C.canbeobservedbymicroscopytoidentifyseveralfibers,whicharethenidentifiedbyappropriatemethods.
D.fordyeingorfinishingfibers,dyeing,peeling,orotherappropriatepretreatmentisnecessarytoensurereliableidentificationresults.
Combustionpropertiesofcommonfibers:
Anearflameinwhichtheodorisremovedaftertheflameisremovedfromtheflame
Cottonisnearlyflamecombustioncontinuedburningtheafterglowburningashestastesoftlittleblackash
Thehairismeltingawayfromthemeltingandburningflameselfextinguishingafterflametotastecrispfragilefluffyblacksingeing
Wiremeltingawayfromtheflametoextinguishsibilafterflametastecrispfragilefluffyblacksingeing
Polyesternearflamemelting,dripping,foaming,continuousburning,weakfragrance,hardround,black,lightbrown
Acrylicflametoburnandmeltmeltneartheburningrateoffuelsplashweakfragrancehardroundorirregularbeads
WhatisDacron?
Introduction:
therawmaterialofpolyesterfiberisasyntheticfiberwhichisextractedfrompetroleumandnaturalgasandtreatedbyspecialprocess.Called"Dacron"abroad,"TerryLun","digitalLun",hasbeenwidelyusedinmanufacturingclothingfabricsandindustrialproducts.
Polyesterfeatures1,highstrength.Thestrengthofshortfiberis2.6~5.7cN/dtex,andhightenacityfiberis5.6~8.0cN/dtex.Becauseofitslowmoistureabsorption,itswetstrengthisbasicallythesameasdrystrength.Impactresistanceis4timeshigherthannylon,20timeshigherthanviscosefiber.2.Goodelasticity.Theelasticityclosetowool,whenstretched5%~6%,canalmostcompletelyrecover.Wrinkleresistanceoverotherfibers,thatis,fabricdoesnotwrinkle,gooddimensionalstability.Themodulusofelasticityis22to141cN/dtex,
2~3timeshigherthannylon.
3,goodheatresistance.
4,polyestersurfaceissmooth,internalmoleculesarrangedclosely,thelackofhydrophilicstructurebetweenmolecules,sothemoistureregainisverysmall,poormoistureabsorptionperformance.
5,goodwearresistance.Wearresistanceissecondonlytonylon,whichisthemostwearable,betterthanothernaturalandsyntheticfibers.
6,goodlightresistance.Lightresistanceissecondonlytoacrylicfiber.
7,corrosionresistance.Resistancetobleachingagent,oxidizingagent,hydrocarbons,ketones,petroleumproductsandinorganicacid.Resistanttodilutealkali,notafraidofmildew,buthotalkalicanmakeitdecomposition.
8,poordyeing.
Polyesteradvantages
1,fabrichighstrength,wearresistanceafterwear;
2,brightcolorsanddurablecolor;
3,smooth,crispandelasticandshouldnotbeoutofshape,antiwrinkleantishrink;
4,easytowash,quickdrying,noironing;
5,acid,alkaliresistance,notcorrosion.
Polyesterdefects
1,poorventilation,poormoistureabsorption,wearmoresultry;
2,dryseason(winter)easytogeneratestaticelectricityandeasytovacuumsoil;
3,polyesterfabricinthefrictioneasilypilling,oncepillingisdifficulttofalloff.
4,wearinguncomfortable
Polyesterwashingandidentificationmethods
1.canbewashedwithavarietyofwashingpowderandsoap
2.,thewashingtemperatureisbelow45degreesCelsius
3.machinewashable,handwashable,drycleaned
4.scrubwithbrush
5,afterwashing,easytodry,notexposure,soastoavoidheatup;
6,ironingshouldbepaddedwithdampcloth,thetemperaturecannotbetoohigh,darkclothingisbestironedthereverseside.
Genericpolyesterpolyesterfiber,easytoignite,nearflamemelting,burningmeltsaswellasblacksmoke,flameyellow,fragrantsmell,afterburningashestodarkbrownlumps,fingerscanbecrushed.
Whatisnylon?
Introduction:
polyamidefiber,namedpolyamidefiber,isageneraltermofpolyamidefiberproducedinchina.
Nylon,alsoknownasnylon,nylon,scientificnamefiber,ismadeinChinapolyamidefibercollectively,highstrength,wearresistance,goodresilience.Canbepurespinningandblendingforallkindsofclothingandknitwear.Therearemanyvarietiesofnylon,includingnylon6,nylon66,nylon11andnylon610,amongwhichnylon66andnylon6arethemostimportant.
Nylonvariety
Nylonfiberfabriccanbedividedintothreecategories:
purespinning,blendingandinterweaving,andeachofthemcontainsmanyvarieties.
1.nylonpurefabricmadefromnylonfilamentasrawmaterial,suchasnylon,taffeta,nyloncrepe,etc..Byusingnylonfilamentfabric,sohasthecharacteristicsofsmoothtouch,stronganddurable,affordable,alsohasthefabricwrinkleandnoteasytorecoverfromtheerror.Nylontaffetatodolightclothing,downjacketorraincoatcloth,nyloncrepeandissuitableforsummerdress,andreversiblejacketetc..
2.nylonblendsandblendsaremadeofnylonfilamentorshortfiberandblendedorinterwovenwithotherfibers,whichhasthecharacteristicsandadvantagesofeachfiber.Ifthestick/reachJinhua,85%and15%withnylonviscoseblendedyarnpreparedbythedensityofweftdensity,hasdoubledinsize,itwasthick,toughdurablecharacteristics,thedisadvantageispoorelasticity,easytowrinkle,wetstrengthdecreased,weareasytosag.Besides,
Therearealsosticky/VariMartin,sticky/brocade/woolflowersandsoon,allofwhicharecommonlyusedfabrics.
Themostcommonnylonproductsonthemarketarenylon6andnylon66.
Nylon6:
fullnamefiberofcaprolactam,polymerizedfromcaprolactam.
Nylon66:
fullnamepolytwoacylfiberformedbyhexamethylenediamine,adipicacidandhexanediaminepolymerization.
Thecommoncharacteristicsofnylon6andnylon66:
poorlightfastness,longtimeinthesunlightandUVirradiationintensitydecreased,thecoloryellow;theheatresistanceisnotgoodenough,under150degrees,after5hoursofyellowing,strengthandelongationdecreasedsignificantly,theshrinkagerateincrease.Nylon6and66filamenthavegoodresistancetolowtemperature.Whentheyarebelow70degreesCelsius,theirresilienceisnotchangedgreatly.ItsDCconductivityisverylow,anditiseasytoproducestaticelectricityduetofrictionduringtheprocessofprocessing.Theconductivityincreaseswiththeincreaseofmoistureabsorptionrate,andincreaseswiththeincreaseofhumidity.Theabilityofnylon6and66filamenthasastrongroleinmicrobialresistance,theresistanceofmicroorganismsinthesludgewateroralkaliafterpolyvinylchloride.Inchemicalproperties,nylon6and66filamenthavealkaliresistanceandreducingagenteffect,buttheyhavepoorperformanceinacidresistanceandoxidantresistance.
Advantagesanddisadvantagesofnylon
Thebiggestadvantageisstrong,wear-resistant,isthebestkind.Smalldensity,fabriclight,goodelasticity,fatigueresistance,chemicalstabilityisalsoverygood,alkaliresistant,nonacid!
Thebiggestdrawbackisthatthesunisnotgood,thefabricwillbecomeyellowforalongtime,thestrengthdecreased,moistureabsorptionisnotgood,butbetterthanacrylic,polyester.
Nylonexcellentwashingmethod
1,thedetergentrequirementsarenothigh,thewatertemperatureshouldnotexceed40degrees,soasnottoheattoohotandwalk;
2,donotwashhardtoavoidrubbing,hairball;
3,lightcoloredfabricsshouldbewashedmorethanafewtimes,otherwisethetimeiseasytoyellowing;
4,avoidexposureanddryingshouldbedriedintheshade;
5,nylonheatresistanceispoor,sotolowtemperatureironing,mustplaysteam,can'tdryhot.
Whatisthevinylon
Introduction:
vinylonpolyvinylacetalisthenameofthecommodity,alsocalledVignylun.Itspropertiesclosetocotton,a"syntheticcotton"called,isthelargestmoistureabsorptionofsyntheticfibervarieties
Vinylon.
Vinylonisthebestsyntheticfiber,knownas"thesynthesisofcotton,itshygroscopicity,strengththanKam,polyester,goodchemicalstability,notresistanttoacidandalkali.Resistancetosunlightandweatherresistanceisalsoverygood,butitisresistanttodryheat,butnotwet(shrink)flexibilityistheworst,fabricwrinkleeasily,poordyeing,colorisnotbright.
Whatisacrylic?
Introduction:
acrylicfiberusuallyreferstomorethan85%ofacrylonitrileandsecondandthirdmonomercopolymer,bywetspinni
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