高三学案阅读与写作训练第4讲岗顶校区 李玲.docx
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高三学案阅读与写作训练第4讲岗顶校区 李玲.docx
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高三学案阅读与写作训练第4讲岗顶校区李玲
广州卓越教育机构一对一
高中英语阅读与写作训练讲义
第四讲阅读策略指导:
细节理解
(二)
写作指导:
地点描写
(一)
Part:
细节理解分类训练
【命题趋势】
从08年各地试卷命题来看,事实细节题呈增多趋势,答案需跨段落搜集信息,单纯考查,事实细节的题不大多,多数是间接理解题。
要求在理解的基础上,通过思维将理解的内容系统化,条理化。
比如计算,排序,选图等。
下面就具体细节的常见题型训练考生的阅读技巧。
1、语义转换题——跳读查找法
这是做事实细节题最基本也是最常用的方法。
在通常情况下,细节题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解,同学们若能根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子,然后进行比较和分析,便可确定最佳答案。
运用跳读查找法时,同学们要特别注意试题(包括选项)与原文之间的适当变换。
根据近几年的考题情况来看,现在很少有直接用原文中的句子进行考查和测试的,而通常要进行一定的处理。
而这种“处理”主要就是指进行语义转换,其中包括同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等。
【例】(05年重庆高考英语试题):
"Mykidsreallyunderstandsolarandearth-heatenergy,"saysasecond-gradeteacherinSaugus,California."Someofthemarebuildingsolarcollectorsfortheirenergycourse.”TheseyoungscientistsarepartofCityBuildingEducationalProgram(CBEP),aparticularprogramforkindergartenthroughtwelfthgradethatusesthestagesofcityplanningtoteachbasicreading,writingandmathskills,andmore.
Thechildrendon'tjustplananycity.Theymapandanalyze(分析)thehousing,energy,andtransportationrequirementsoftheirowndistrictandforetellitsneedsin100years.Withtheaidofanarchitect(建筑师)whovisitstheclassroomonceaweek,theyinventnewwaystomeettheseneedsandbuildmodelsoftheircreations."Designingbuildingsofthefuturegiveschildrenalotoffreedom,"saystheteacherwhodevelopedthisprogram."Theyareabletousetheirownrichimaginationandinventionswithoutfearofblame,becausetherearenowronganswersinafuturecontext.Infact,astheclassentersthefinalmodel-buildingstageoftheprogram,anelected‘official’and‘planninggroup’makeallthedesigndecisionsforthemodelcity,andtheteacherstepsbackandbecomesanadviser."
CBEPisasetofactivities,gamesandimitationsthatteachthebasicstepsnecessaryforproblem-solving:
observing,analyzing,workingoutpossibleanswers,andjudgingthembasedonthechildren'sownstandards.
()1.Anarchitectpaysaweeklyvisittotheclassroom_______.
A.tofindoutkids’creativeideasB.todiscusswiththeteacher
C.togivechildrenlecturesD.tohelpkidswiththeirprogram
()2.Whoisthedesigneroftheprogram?
_______
A.Anofficial.B.Anarchitect.C.Ateacher.D.Ascientist
【解题分析】
1.选_______。
根据第2段中的Withtheaidofanarchitectwhovisitstheclassroomonceaweek,they
inventnewwaystomeettheseneedsandbuildmodelsoftheircreations可知答案为D。
句中的aid意为“帮助”,与help同义。
2.选_______。
根据第2段中的...theteacherwhodevelopedthisprogram可知答案。
Develop与design在
此大致同义。
2、生活应用题----常识理解法
生活应用题要求考生在读懂文章的基础上结合一定的生活常识进行判断。
不过,有趣的是,高考有时会出现一些“低级”常识判断题,即无需看懂文章,也可选出最佳答案。
【例】(NMET2002E篇):
Achild'sbirthdaypartydoesn'thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.
"Havingapartyathomeusuallyrequiresalotofrunningaroundonthepartoftheparents,andoftenthebirthdayboyorgirlgetslostinwildexcitement.Butitreallydoesn'thavetobethatway,"saidAnaclerio.Lastsummer,AnaclerioandherfriendJillCarlisle,aNorthbrookmotherofa2-year-old,foundedahomeparty-planningbusinesscalled"APartyinaBasket".Theirgoalistohelpparentsandchildrenshareinthefunpartofpartyplanning,likechoosingthesubjectormakingacake,whiletheytakecareofeverything.
Drawingontheirexperiencesasmothers,theyhavecreated(制作)10ready-to-use,homepartypackages.Everythingafamilyneedstoplanaparty,exceptthecakeandicecream,isdeliveredtothehomeinalargebasket.
"Ourpartiesareaimedforchildren2to10,"Anacleriosaid,"andthey'reveryinteractive(互动)andcreativeinthattheybuildasenseofdramabasedonasubject.Forexample,attheSodaShoppepartytheguestsbecomewaitersandwaitressesandbuildwonderfulicecreamcreations."
Thestandard$200packageforeightchildrenincludesabasketfilledwithinvitation,gifts,gamesandprizes,papergoods,apartyplannerandthelike.Formoreinformation,callAnaclerioat708-864-6584orCarlisleat708-205-9141.
()Q:
Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytobeapartyplanner?
【解题分析】
答案选_______。
先看四个选项(图形)所表示的意思:
选项A是一个记事本,左边写着Date,Thingstodo...,右边写着Peopletoinvite...;选项C是一张卡片,上面写着HappyBirthday;选项D是一份菜单,上面写着Potatosoup3.00...等。
聪明的考生,只要注意到题干中的apartyplanner,便可排除B、C选项,因为根据常识,它们显然不是planner(计划书)。
至于A、D两项到底选哪项呢?
两项都有点像planner,但仔细比较一下便可知A最佳。
apartyplanner的意思是“晚会计划书”,根据常识,要计划一场晚会,当然首先要明确日期(date),还要确定做些什么事(thingstodo)以及邀请什么人(peopletoinvite)等;而选项D只是一份菜单,它标明的只是一些菜的价格,显然与apartyplanner不符。
3、细节排序题——首尾定位法
这种试题要求考生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系,找出事件发生的正确顺序。
同学们在做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”,即最先找出第一个动作和最后一个动作,迅速缩小选择范围,从而快速选出正确答案。
【例】(浙江高考英语试题):
Fatandshy,BenSaunderswasthelastkidinhisclasspickedforanysportsteam.“Football,tennis,cricket—anythingwitharoundball,Iwasuseless,”hesaysnowwithalaugh.ButbackthenhewastheonealwaysmadefunofinschoolgymclassesinDevonshire,England.
Itwasamountainbikehereceivedforhis15thbirthdaythatchangedhim.Atfirsthewentbikingaloneinanearbyforest.Thenhebegantoridethebikealongwitharunnerfriend.Gradually,Saunderssetuphismindonbuildinguphisbody,increasinghisspeedandstrength.Attheageof18,heranhisfirstmarathon.
ThefollowingyearhemetJohnRidgwayandwashiredasaninstructoratRidgway’sschoolofadventureinScotland,wherehelearntaboutRidgway’scold-waterexploits.Greatlyinterested,SaundersreadallhecouldaboutNorthPoleexplorersandadventures,thendecidedthatthiswouldbehisfuture.
In2001,afterbecomingaskillfulskier,Saundersstartedhisfirstlong-distanceexpeditiontowardstheNorthPole.Ittookunbelievableenergy.Hesufferedfrostbite,ranintoapolarbearandpushedhisbodytothelimit,pullinghissupply-loadedsledupandoverrockyrice.
SaundershassincebecometheyoungestpersontoskialonetotheNorthPole,andhe’sskiedmoreoftheNorthPolebyhimselfthananyotherBritishman.Hisoldplaymateswouldnotbelievethechange.
NextOctober,Saunders,27,headssouthfromthecoastofAntarcticatotheSouthPoleandback,a2900-kilometerjourneythathasneverbeencompletedonskis.
()Q:
WhichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderoftheeventsthathappenedtoSaunders?
a.Heranhisfirstmarathon.
b.HeskiedaloneintheNorthPole.
c.Herodehisbikeinaforest.
d.HeplannedanadventuretotheSouthPole.
A.a-c-d-bB.c-d-a-bC.a-c-b-dD.c-a-b-d
【解题分析】
答案选:
_______。
题目要求我们按事件发生时间来进行排序。
根据首尾定位法,第一步是c.Herodehisbikeinaforest,最后一步是d.HeplannedanadventuretotheSouthPole,故选此答案。
4、寻找信息题——题干定位法
快速寻找信息题一般为功能阅读题,主要形式有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表等。
做这类题时没有必要阅读全文,宜采用“题干定位法”。
【例】(浙江高考英语试题):
TakeActionforaBetterWorld:
VolunteersNeeded
Sixmonths’preparationinDenmark:
Africastudies,teamworkcombinedwithsocialworkwithriskgroupteenagers.
Sixmonths’communityworkinMalawiinpeopletoPeopleProjects:
ChildAid,HIV/AIDS.FightsandTeacherTraining.
Qualifications(条件):
18years,hard-workingandsocialengagement.
Pleasecontactusbyemail:
takeaction@
Part-timeWorkwithExchangeStudents
YOUTHInternationalisanon-profithighschoolforeignexchangestudentorganization.wewelcometeenagersfromover80countriesworldwideandprovidehostfamilies.ThecommunityRepresentativeisapart-timepositiondesignedforpeoplewithastrongdesiretodosomethingrewardinginthecommunityandearnsomeextramoney.
Applicants(申请人)bestsuitedforthisworkshouldenjoyteenagers,haveastronginterestincross-culturalcommunication,andfeelcomfortablenetworking.FulltrainingandsupportwillbeprovidedthroughbranchofficesthroughouttheU.S.Positionsavailableinmoststates.
Ifinterested,pleaseemailstaff@youth.orgorcall888-123-9872.
InternationalSummerJob
Hi,IamanESLstudentinChina.I’m20,quietandpolite,andIspeakreasonableEnglish.I’mlookingforasummerjobinanEnglish-speakingcountry.IcanteachChineseordohouseandgardenwork,andcookChinesedishes.Cananybodyoffermeajob?
Idon’tneedtoearnmuch,justenoughin2months(July-August)topayformyreturntickettoChina.MygoalistoimprovemyEnglishandseeabitmoreoftheworld.
Myemailis:
ram3462@
CallforNativeSpeakersofEnglish
IamlookingfornativespeakersofEnglishtojoininanexperiment.ThisexperimentiscarriedoutovertheInternet.Youdon’tneedanyspecificknowledgeotherthanunderstandingandspeakingEnglishatanativelevel.Thefirsttaskwilltakeyouaround15minutes.Afterthistask,youcandecidewhetheryouwanttocontinuetheexperiment.Thetasksinvolvereadingtextsanddesigningquestionsandanswers.
Ifyouarewillingtohelpme,thenpleaseemailme:
club3864@
()1.Whoissuitabletoworkasacommunityrepresentativeinyouthinternational?
A.Onewhoenjoysworkingwithteenagersfromdifferentcountries.
B.Onewhohopestotakeactioninfightingagainstdiseases.
C.Onewhohasastrongdesiretoimprovehisorherenglish.
D.Onewhowantstoearnsomepocketmoneyintheprogram.
()2.Wherewilljack,avolunteer,receivethetrainingbeforeheissenttoworkinMalawi?
A.Insomelocalofficesintheus.
B.InanESLorganizationinchina.
C.Inapreparationprogramindemark.
D.InanexchangestudentcenterinAfrica.
()3.IfMrsblackintheu.s.hopestolearnsomeChineseathome,shemaycontact_______.
A.takeaction@B.ram3462@
C.club3864@D.staff@youth.org
【解题思路分析】
1.选_______。
根据题干中的关键题YouthInternational可知,此题答案一定在第二个表格中。
再根据其中的
teenagersfromover80countries以及…shouldenjoyteenagers…可知答案。
2.选_______。
根据题干中的关键题volunteer和workinMalawi可知,此题答案一定在第一个表格中。
再根
据其中的sixmonths’preparationinDenmark可知答案。
3.选_______。
根据题干中的关键
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