高考英语之语法填空全攻略.docx
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高考英语之语法填空全攻略.docx
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高考英语之语法填空全攻略
高考英语之语法填空全攻略
通过认真研读2016-2018年全国新课标卷的语法填空部分,笔者总结了关于此题型的13个考点,分别为介词的考查、名词单复数的考查、非谓语动词的考查、谓语动词的考查、冠词的考查、形容词的考查、词性转换的考查、定语从句的考查、代词的考查、固定句式的考查、祈使句的考查、连词的考查、状语从句的考查,在下面的篇幅中,笔者会针对这13个考点逐一进行深入分析,帮助广大考生更好地理解和掌握此类题型。
(一)介词的考查
(2018全国卷三)
Iwassearchingforthesethreewesternlowlandgorillas
I’dbeenobserving.
(2017全国卷一)
Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunityasamethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedsideeffectssuchasoverweightandheartdisease.
(2017全国卷二)
Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterriblecrowdsontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork.
(2017全国卷三)
Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegreeinengineeringorarchitecture.
(2016全国卷一)
ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s.
(2016全国卷二)
Mostofusaremorefocusedonourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.
(2016全国卷三)
InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeatwiththeirhands.
命题规律及预测
通过近几年的真题,命题者对于介词的考查主要有两个方面,一个方面是考查英语中关于介词的惯用表达,另一个方面是考查不及物动词与介词搭配,然后后面接不同的名词作宾语。
未来出题者依然可能会从这两个方面来检测广大考生对于介词的掌握,所以考生们在平时的英语学习中要多注意积累关于介词的惯用表达以及常用动词短语。
小试身手:
1.Recently,Ihaveshuttledbackand______betweenfourcities.
2.Myschoolingpaidattentionto____myparentsisgoingwell.
(二)名词单复数的考查
(2018全国卷一)
Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014whichshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses(cause).
(2017全国卷一)
Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunityasamethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedsideeffects(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease.
(2017全国卷二)
Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterriblecrowds(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork.
(2017全国卷三)
Shehasturneddownseveralinvitations(invitation)tostarat
showsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.
(2016全国卷一)
Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfewdays(day)withhis
sistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,theotheriswithmum-sheneversuspects.
(2016全国卷二)
Recentstudies(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveat
workifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.
命题规律及预测
对于名词单复数的考查较为单一,即名词单数变为名词复数。
未来的命题趋势可能选择一些特殊的名词来考查广大考生,如单复数同形的名词以及一些不规则的名词复数形式,所以广大考生在平时的英语学习中要多注意一些特殊的名词,它们往往是出题者较为青睐的。
小试身手:
1.Therearemany______(sheep)grazinginthegrassland.
2.Alotof_____(knife)arerandomlyplacedonthetable.
(三)非谓语动词的考查
(2018全国卷一)
Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlongtosee(see)the
benefit.
(2018全国卷一)
Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskofdying(die)earlybyrunning.
(2018全国卷二)
Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofricetoimprove(improve)waterquality.
(2018全国卷二)
China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhilefeeding(feed)itscitizens"offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide."saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.
(2018全国卷三)
Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoidlooking(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeelchallenged.
(2018全国卷三)
Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedmetostay(stay)andwatch.
(2017全国卷一)
Theyarerequiredtoprocess(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.
(2017全国卷一)
byeating(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.
(2017全国卷二)
Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,laying(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.
(2017全国卷三)
Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-termresting(rest).
(2017全国卷三)
ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprove(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.
(2016全国卷一)
Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomy
daysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermitted(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.
(2016全国卷一)
Myambassadorialdutieswillincludeintroducing
(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.
(2016全国卷三)
Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetaltocreat(creat)specialdesigns.
(2016全国卷三)
Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,using(use)twigstoremoveit.
命题规律及预测
通过近几年的真题,出题者倾向于把不定式作为考查手段,且考查形式多样,这与不定式在句中能作很多成分密切相关,其次考查分词的相关用法,主要是考查分词作后置定语和伴随状语。
出题者对于动名词的考查较为单一,从历年真题中可以看出,主要考查动名词作宾语这一用法。
广大考生在日后的复习中,一定要高度重视非谓语动词中不定式和分词的相关考点,只有勤加练习和思考才能最终提高此考点的解题能力和速度。
小试身手:
1.We'retryingtopersuadethemanufacturers____(sell)productshere.
2.Theteacherstoodinthemiddleoftheplayground,_____(surround)byagroupofstudents.
3.Theysufferdiscriminationin____(try)tofindajoborafriend.
(四)谓语动词的考查
(2018全国卷一)
Whilerunningregularlycann'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysitis(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.
(2018全国卷二)
DietshavechangedinChina—andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011,thecountryhasgrown(grow)morecornthanrice.
(2018全国卷二)
TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernmentstarted(start)asoil-testingprogramwhichgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.
(2018全国卷三)
Truetoagorilla’sunaggressivenature,thehugeanimalmeant(mean)menorealharm.
(2017全国卷一)
Whenfatandsaltareremoved(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.
(2017全国卷一)
Fastfoodis(be)fulloffatandsalt;
(2017全国卷二)
Steamengineswereused(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.
(2017全国卷二)
Later,engineersmanaged(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels,whichbecameknowntothetube.
(2017全国卷三)
Sarahhasbeentold(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodelearningamilliondollarsinthenewyear.
(2017全国卷三)
Butatthemoment,schoolcomes(come)first.
(2016全国卷一)
Iwasallowed(allow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.
(2016全国卷二)
Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrowis
(be)oftenacceptable.
(2016全国卷三)
Trulyelegantchopsticksmightbemade(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.
命题规律及预测
通过近几年的真题,笔者发现出题者从最初对时态,语态以及主谓一致单一方面的考查到至少结合其中的两方面甚至三方面进行考查,这种做法无疑增加了此考点的难度,但同时也为日后广大考生们的备考指明了正确的方向,即以后做此种类型的题目时,一定要从三个方面综合考虑,并勤思考和总结,长期坚持下去,一定能提高此种题型的解题能力和速度。
小试身手:
1.Lotsoffunctionalgadgets_______(invent)atthattime.
2.In1980s,morethanonekindofthistree_____(produce)rubber.
3.AsChristmasarrived,manychildren______(invite)tofamilygathering.
(五)冠词的考查
(2018全国卷二)
Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentoverthepast25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.
(2018全国卷三)
Unexpectedly,I’mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingatthetopofherlungs
(2017全国卷一)
Asaresult,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.
(2017全国卷二)
Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,layingthetrackandthen
buildingastrongroofoverthetop.
(2017全国卷三)
Instead,sheisearning$6500adayasamodelinNewYork
(2016全国卷一)
Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfewdayswithhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,theotheriswithmum-sheneversuspects.
(2016全国卷二)
Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsideforawhile,exercising,ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.
命题规律及预测
从近几年的真题可以看出,冠词的考查主要分两类,第一类是考查和冠词有关的固定搭配,如asaresult、one…theother等;另一类是考查冠词本身的用法,即泛指和特指。
未来命题者的出题方向依然可能从这两个方面考查广大考生对于冠词的掌握情况。
小试身手:
1.________coldwindwasblowingfromthenorth.
2.Theyareliving______happylifenow.
(六)形容词的考查
(2018全国卷一)
Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyearslonger(long)thannon-runners.
(2018全国卷三)
Hescreamstheloudest(loud)ofall.
(2017全国卷一)
Evenworse(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.
(2016全国卷二)
Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentifythoseofgreater(great)andlessimportance.
命题规律及预测
从近几年的真题可以看出,命题者对于形容词的考查主要是形容词原级变为比较级或最高级。
根据形容词的特点,未来仍然可能会从这个角度出题,希望广大考生平时注意积累形容词的比较级和最高级的变法,尤其是一些不规则的变法。
小试身手:
1.Hecomestoschoolmuch____________(early)thanI.
2.Heisoneofthe_________(friendly)peopleintheclass,Ithink.
(七)词性转换的考查
(2018全国卷一)
Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisestostrengthen(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.
(2018全国卷一)
Runningischeap,easyandit'salwaysenergetic(energy).
(2018全国卷二)
Atasteformeatisactually(actual)behindthechange:
Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.
(2018全国卷二)
Thisswitchhasdecreasedpollution(pollute)inthe
country’smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.
(2018全国卷二)
AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotalglobal(globe)fertilizerconsumption.
(2018全国卷三)
Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeelchallenged(challenge).
(2018全国卷三)
I’mascientist(science)whostudiesanimalssuchas
apesandmonkeys.
(2017全国卷一)
However,becareful(care)nottogotoextremes.
(2017全国卷二)
Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairly(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.
(2017全国卷二)
Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththeintroduction(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.
(2017全国卷二)
ThecentralLond
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