版 Unit 4 单元综合测评4.docx
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版Unit4单元综合测评4
单元综合测评(四)
(时间:
100分钟;满分:
120分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
A
Plantsarefloweringfasterthanscientistspredicted(预测)inreactiontoclimatechange,whichcouldhavelongdamagingeffectsonfoodchainsandecosystems.
Globalwarmingishavingagreateffectonhundredsofplantandanimalspeciesaroundtheworld,changingsomelivingpatterns,scientistssay.
Increasedcarbondioxide(CO2)intheairfromburningcoalandoilcanhaveaneffectonhowplantsproduceoxygen,whilehighertemperaturesandchangeablerainfallpatternscanchangetheirpatternsofgrowth.
“Predictingspecies'reactiontoclimatechangeisamajorchallengeinecology,”saidtheresearchersofseveralU.S.universities.Theysaidplantshadbeenthekeyobjectofstudybecausetheirreactiontoclimatechangecouldhaveaneffectonfoodchainsandecosystemservices.
Thestudy,publishedontheNaturewebsite,usesthefindingsfromplantlifecyclestudiesandexperimentsacrossfourcontinentsand1,634species.Itfoundthatsomeexperimentshadunderestimated(低估)thespeedoffloweringby8.5timesandleafingby4times.
“Acrossallspecies,theexperimentsunderpredictedthespeedoftheadvance-forbothleafingandflowering-thatresultsfromtemperatureincreases,”thestudysaid.
Thedesignoffutureexperimentsmayneedtobeimprovedtobetterpredicthowplantswillreacttoclimatechange,itsaid.
PlantsarenecessaryforlifeontheEarth.Theyarethebaseofthefoodchain,usingphotosynthesis(光合作用)toproducesugarfromcarbondioxideandwater.Theyletoutoxygenwhichisneededbynearlyeveryorganismontheplanet.
Scientistsbelievetheworld'saveragetemperaturehasrisenbyabout0.8℃since1900,andnearly0.2℃everytenyearssince1979.
Sofar,effortstocutemissions(排放)ofplanetwarminggreenhousegasesarenotseenasenoughtopreventtheEarthheatingupbeyond2℃thiscentury-apointscientistssaywillbringthedangerofachangeableclimateinwhichweatherextremesarecommon,leadingtodrought,floods,cropfailuresandrisingsealevels.
【语篇解读】 本文为科普类文章。
文章论述了全球变暖的气候环境会让植物提前开花,进而影响整个食物链及生态系统。
1.WhatisthekeyinformationtheauthorwantstogiveinParagraph1?
A.Plants'reactiontoweathercouldhavedamagingeffectsonecosystems.
B.Theincreasingspeedoffloweringisbeyondscientists'expectation.
C.Climatechangeleadstothechangeoffoodproductionpatterns.
D.Foodchainshavebeenseriouslydamagedbecauseofweather.
【解析】 细节理解题。
第一段话给读者传达的主要信息存在于主句,而不是which所引导的定语从句上。
根据“Plantsarefloweringfasterthanscientistspredicted(预测)”可知,作者是要告知读者植物开花的增速超出了科学家的预期。
故选B。
A为次要信息。
【答案】 B
2.WecanlearnfromthestudypublishedontheNaturewebsitethat________.
A.plants'floweringis8.5timesfasterthanleafing
B.thereare1,634plantspeciesonthefourcontinents
C.scientistsshouldimprovethedesignoftheexperiments
D.theexperimentsfailedtopredicthowplantsreacttoclimatechange
【解析】 细节理解题。
第五段话“Itfoundthatsomeexperimentshadunderestimated(低估)thespeedoffloweringby8.5timesandleafingby4times.”暗示读者:
对于植物所设计的实验应该有所改进,故答案选C。
【答案】 C
3.Scientistspayspecialattentiontothestudyofplantsbecause________.
A.theycanprovetheclimatechangeclearly
B.theyareveryimportantinthefoodchains
C.theyplayaleadingroleinreducingglobalwarming
D.theyaregrowingandfloweringmuchfasterthanbefore
【解析】 推理判断题。
根据第四段“Theysaidplantshadbeenthekeyobjectofstudybecausetheirreactiontoclimatechangecouldhaveaneffectonfoodchainsandecosystemservices.”可知植物对气候变化的反应对整个食物链和生态系统都至关重要。
故答案选B。
【答案】 B
4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphsabouttheworld'stemperature?
A.Ithasrisennearly0.2℃since1979.
B.Itschangewillleadtoweatherextremes.
C.Itis0.8℃higherin1979thanthatof1900.
D.Itneedstobecontrolledwithin2℃inthiscentury.
【解析】 推理判断题。
从倒数第二段“...hasrisenbyabout0.8℃since1900,andnearly0.2℃everytenyearssince1979.”可知A、C项错误;从最后一段叙述可知,如果本世纪地球变暖超过2℃,便会出现weatherextremes。
暗示我们这个世纪地球温度的上升需要控制在2℃的范围之内。
故答案选D。
【答案】 D
B
Theproductionofcoffeebeansisahuge,profitablebusiness,but,unfortunately,fullsunproductionistakingovertheindustryandbringingaboutalotofdamage.Thechangeinhowcoffeeisgrownfromshadegrownproductiontofullsunproductionendangerstheveryexistenceofcertainanimalsandbirds,andevendisturbstheworld'secologicalbalance.
Onalocallevel,thedamageoftheforestrequiredbyfullsunfieldsaffectsthearea'sbirdsandanimals.Theshadeoftheforesttreesprovidesahomeforbirdsandotherspecies(物种)thatdependonthetrees'flowersandfruits.Fullsuncoffeegrowersdestroythisforesthome.Asaresult,manyspeciesarequicklydyingout.
Onamoregloballevel,thedestructionoftherainforestforfullsuncoffeefieldsalsothreatens(威胁)humanlife.Medicalresearchoftenmakesuseoftheforests'plantandanimallife,andthedestructionofsuchspeciescouldpreventresearchersfromfindingcuresforcertaindiseases.Inaddition,newcoffeegrowingtechniquesarepoisoningthewaterlocally,andeventuallytheworld'sgroundwater.
Bothlocallyandglobally,thecontinuedspreadoffullsuncoffeeplantations(种植园)couldmeanthedestructionoftherainforestecology.Thelossofshadetreesisalreadycausingaslightchangeintheworld'sclimate,andstudiesshowthatthelossofoxygengivingtreesalsoleadstoairpollutionandglobalwarming.Moreover,thenewgrowingtechniquesarecontributingtoacidic(酸性的)soilconditions.
Itisobviousthatthewaymuchcoffeeisgrownaffectsmanyaspectsoflife,fromthelocalenvironmenttotheglobalecology.Butconsumersdohaveachoice.Theycanpurchaseshadegrowncoffeewheneverpossible,althoughatahighercost.Thefuturehealthoftheplanetandmankindissurelyworthmorethananinexpensivecupofcoffee.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。
咖啡豆的新的种植技术带来了很大的利润,但与此同时也给我们带来了很多危害,影响我们生活的各个层面,因此我们要做出正确的选择。
5.WhatcanwelearnaboutfullsuncoffeeproductionfromParagraph4?
A.Itlimitsthespreadofnewgrowingtechniques.
B.Itleadstoairpollutionandglobalwarming.
C.Itslowsdownthelossofshadetrees.
D.Itimproveslocalsoilconditions.
【解析】 细节理解题。
由文章第四段中的...thelossofoxygengivingtreesalsoleadstoairpollutionandglobalwarming.可知B项正确。
由第四段第一句可知,是扩大了而不是限制了新种植技术的传播,故A项错误;它破坏了雨林生态系统,而不是减慢了这些树的丧失速度,故C项错误;由第四段最后一句可知,这种新的种植技术导致了酸性土壤状况而不是改进了土壤状况,故D项错误。
【答案】 B
6.Thepurposeofthetextisto________.
A.entertain B.advertise
C.instructD.persuade
【解析】 观点态度题。
通读全文可知,本文向大家介绍咖啡豆的新的种植技术所带来的不良影响,旨在说服大家做出正确的选择,故选D项persuade(说服)。
entertain娱乐,advertise做广告,instruct指导,均不合适。
【答案】 D
7.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?
A.Anagriculturalmagazine.
B.Amedicaljournal.
C.Anengineeringtextbook.
D.Atouristguide.
【解析】 推理判断题。
本文向大家介绍咖啡豆的新的种植技术所带来的不良影响,这属于农学的范畴,因此最有可能出自一本农学杂志,故选A项。
B项Amedicaljournal(一本医学杂志),C项Anengineeringtextbook(一本工程教科书),D项Atouristguide(一本旅行指南),均不正确。
【答案】 A
8.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthewholetext?
(P:
Paragraph)
【解析】 文章结构题。
通读全文可知,文章第一段从整体上介绍咖啡豆的新的种植技术带来的危害,中间第二、三、四段详细介绍了具体的危害,最后一段介绍这种新的种植技术影响我们生活的各个层面,消费者要做出正确的选择。
因此,整篇文章属于“总—分—总”结构,故选A项。
【答案】 A
C
WhatTheresaLoeisdoingprovesthatalargefarmisn'taprerequisiteforamoderngrowyourownlifestyle.Onamere1/10ofanacreinLosAngeles,Loeandherfamilygrow,can(装罐)andpreservemuchofthefoodtheyconsume.
Loeisamasterfoodpreserver,gardenerandcanningexpert.Shealsooperatesawebsite,wheresheshareshertipsandrecipes,withthegoalofdemonstratingthateveryonehastheabilitytocontrolwhat'sontheirplate.
Loeinitiallywenttoschooltobecomeanengineer,butshequicklylearnedthatherenthusiasmwasmainlyaboutgrowingandpreparingherownfood.“Igotintocookingmyownfoodandstartedgrowingmyownherbs(香草)andfoodsforthatfreshflavor,”shesaid.Engineerbyday,Loelearnedcookingatnightschool.Sheultimatelypurchasedasmallpieceoflandwithherhusbandandbegangrowingtheirownfoods.
“Iteachpeoplehowtolivefarmfreshwithoutafarm,”Loesaid.ThroughherwebsiteLoeemphasizesthat“anybodycandothisanywhere.”Gotanapartmentwithabalcony(阳台)?
Plantsomeherbs.Awindow?
Perfectspotforgrowing.Startwithherbs,sherecommends,because“they'reveryforgiving.”Justalittleoftheherbs“cantakeyourregularcookingtoawholenewlevel,”sheadded.“Ithinkit'sagreatplacetostart.”Then?
Trygrowingsomethingfromaseed,shesaid,likeatomatoorsometea.
Canningisanaturalextensionoftheplantingshedoes.Witheveryplantedfood,Loenoted,there'samomentwhenit'sburstingwithitsabsolutepeakflavor.“Itryandkeepitinatimecapsuleinacanningjar,”Loesaid.“Canningformeisaboutknowingwhat'sinyourfood,knowingwhereitcomesfrom.”
Inadditiontobeingmoreintouchwiththefoodshe'seating,anotherjoycomesfrompassingthisknowledgeandthisdesireforgoodfoodtoherchildren:
“Influencingthemandtellingthemyouropiniononnotonlybeingcarefulwhatweeatbutunderstandingthe_bigger_picture,”shesaid,“thatifwedon'ttakecareoftheearth,noonewill.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。
TheresaLoe是一个热爱生活的人,她用自己的方式带领全家在现代生活中找到一条特有的自给自足的生活方式。
不仅如此,她还想用这种方式来教育自己的孩子们从小就要树立保护地球的意识。
9.Theunderlinedword“prerequisite”(Para.1)isclosestinmeaningto“________”.
A.recipeB.substitute
C.requirementD.challenge
【解析】 词义猜测题。
根据第一段第一句中的alargefarm和第二句可知,很多人都以为要做到自给自足就要有一个大农场,但是在Loe看来,大农场并不是这种生活方式的必要条件,只有另辟蹊径,就能找到解决问题的方法。
由此可知画线的单词与requirement意思最接近,所以选择C项。
【答案】 C
10.WhydoesLoesuggeststartingwithherbs?
A.Theyareuseddaily.
B.Theyareeasytogrow.
C.Theycangrowverytall.
D.Theycanbeeatenuncooked.
【解析】 细节理解题。
根据第四段中的because“they'reveryforgiving.”可知,Loe建议从种植香草开始,是因为这种植物对你的要求不苛刻,很容易成活,所以选择B项。
而根据下一句话可知把香草作为调料会让你做的饭味道大大改善,但是不能由此推断出这种调料每天都被
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