八下知识讲解U4.docx

八下知识讲解U4.docx

《八下知识讲解U4.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《八下知识讲解U4.docx（14页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

八下知识讲解U4

文德森教育知识归纳

新目标英语八年级下册

Unit4HesaidIwashard-working.

1.直接引语（DirectSpeech）是指原封不动的引用原话，把它放在引号内，例如：

Mothertoldme,“Youshouldfinishyourhomeworkfirst,thenyoucangooutandplaywithyourfriends.”

Theysaid,“Wewanttohavearest.”

间接引语（ReportedSpeech，又叫IndirectSpeech）即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内。

上面两个例句变成间接引语应该是：

MothertoldmethatIshouldfinishmyhomeworkfirstandthenIcouldgooutandplaywithmyfriends.

Theysaidtheywantedtohavearest.

2.当我们把直接引语变成间接引语时，由于引述动词（said，told等）一般都是过去时形式，因此间接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语等一般都要做相应的变化。

有下面几种情况：

1）现在时间推移到过去时间

所谓现在时间推移到过去时间指一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变成过去进行时，现在完成时变成过去完成时。

例如：

Shesaid,“Iamhungry.”

－>Shesaid（that）shewashungry.

Hesaid,“Thefamilyarefightingamongthemselves.”

－>Hesaid（that）thefamilywerefightingamongthemselves.

Tomsaid,“Ihavefoundwhat’swrongwiththecomputer.”

－>Tomsaidhehadfoundwhatwaswrongwiththecomputer.

在下列场合，尽管陈述动词为过去时形式，间接引语中的动词时态却不必改变，即：

a）当引述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在习惯工作以及格言等内容时：

Hesaid,“Theword‘laser’isanacronym（首字母缩略词）.”

－>Hesaidtheword‘laser’isanacronym.

b）当动词所表示的状态或动作在引述时仍在继续时：

“I’mforty,”hesaid.－>Hesaidheisforty.

c）当谓语动词包含无过去时形式的情态助动词时：

Hesaid,“Itmustbeprettylate.Ireallymustgo.”

－>Hesaiditmustbeprettylate,andhereallymustgo.

Hesaid,“Youmustn’tsmokeintheroom.”－>HesaidImustn’tsmokeintheroom.

2）过去时间推移到过去的过去

这里需要注意以下几点：

a）当强调动作或状态先于引述动词时，一般过去时要变成过去完成体。

例如：

Hesaid,“Ididn’tknowyou.”－>Hesaidhehadn’tknownme.

当“过去的过去”已经不言自明，或者通过其他词汇手段予以体现，或者侧重于强调所转述的事实本身时，一般过去时形式可以不变。

例如：

Annsaid,“Shewasbornin1981.”－>Annsaidshewasbornin1981.

b）过去进行时可以变成过去完成进行时，也可以不变。

例如：

Robertsaid,“IwasjokingwithMary.”

－>RobertsaidhehadbeenjokingwithMary.

RobertsaidhewasjokingwithMary.

c）过去完成时仍为过去完成时，不需改变。

例如：

Hesaid,“Wehadn’treturnedtothestorewhenshecame.”

－>Hesaidtheyhadn’treturnedtothestorewhenshecame.

d）时间状语分句中的一般过去式或者过去进行时可以不变。

例如：

Johnsaid,“WhenIlivedinLondonIoftensawJane.”

－>JohnsaidwhenhelivedinLondonhehadoftenseenJane.

JohnsaidwhenhelivedinLondonheoftensawJane.

3）将来时间推移到过去将来时间

最常见的是把表示将来时间的助动词由现在时形式变为过去时形式。

例如：

Hesaid,“We’respendingnextweekendathome.”

－>Hesaidtheywerespendingthenextweekendathome.

Shesaid,“Themilkwillgooff（变质）ifyoudon’tdrinkittoday.”

－>ShesaidthemilkwouldgooffifIdidn’tdrinkitthatday.

Theysaid,“We’regoingtoHawaiithissummervacation.”

－>TheysaidtheyweregoingtoHawaiithatsummervacation.

但是，在引述时，如果原话中的动作或者状态属于尚未到来的将来时间，那么，可以不推移到过去将来时间。

例如：

Hesaid,“I’llbewaitingforyoutomorrow.”

－>Hesaidhewillbewaitingformetomorrow.

4）人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语的变化

由上面的例子可以看出，当直接引语变成间接引语时，除动词时态变化外，人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语等通常也作相应的变化。

a）人称代词，除引述本人原话外，通常第一、二人称变为第三人称，或者第二人称变为第一人称；限定词也作相应的变化。

例如：

Hesaid,“Weloveourcountry.”－>Hesaidtheylovetheircounty.

b）指示代词this，these分别变成that/it，those/they或them；指示限定词this，those通常变为that，those或the。

例如：

“Thishouseisveryexpensive,”shesaid.

－>Shesaidthathousewasveryexpensive.

Thechildrencamebackwithtwowalletsandsaid,“Wepickedtheseuponthepavement.”

－>Thechildrencamebackwithtwowalletsandsaidtheyhadpickedthemuponthepavement.

c）时间状语在间接引语中的变化有三种情况：

i）时间状语和动词时态两者都变。

例如：

Hesaid,“Itwascompletesayearago.”

－>Hesaidithadbeencompletedayearbefore.

ii）时间状语不变，动词时态可变可不变。

例如：

Shesaid,“WeleftParisat8a.m.”

－>ShesaidtheyhadleftParisat8a.m.

ShesaidtheyleftParisat8a.m.

iii）时间状语变与不变需视具体情况而定，如果引述时间和说话时间（如同一年、同一月、同一天等），时间状语可不变。

例如：

Mr.Blacksaid,“WestartedlearningChineselastmonth.”

－>Mr.BlacksaidtheyhadstartedlearningChineselastmonth.（同一月引述）

－>Mr.BlacksaidtheyhadstartedlearningChinesethepreviousmonth.（可在同一月引述，也可不在同一月引述）

时间状语在间接引语中的变化规则如下：

直接引语间接引语

todaythatday

thismorning/afternoon,etc.thatmorning/afternoon,etc.

yesterdaythedaybefore,thepreviousday

（the）daybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbefore

tomorrowthenextday,thefollowingday

（the）dayaftertomorrowtwodaysafter,intwodays’time

nextweek/month,etc.thenextweek/month,etc.

lastweek/monththeweek/monthbefore

nowthen

d）地点状语here通常变为there；但若说话人所在地也就是引述人所在地，可仍用here，也可用具体地点代替here。

例如：

Shesaid,“Ifirstmetyourbrotherhere.”

－>Shesaidshefirstmetmybrotherthere.

“Arethechildrenhere?

”Fatherasked.

－>Fatheraskedwhetherthechildrenwerehere.

好了，让我们来检查一下这些知识点的掌握情况。

一、请将下面的直接引语变成间接引语：

1.Theplumbersaid,“Ican’tfixthebathtubtodaybecauseI’msick”

_____________________________________________________________________

2.Grandmasaid,“Grandpaisfeelingmuchbettertoday.”

_____________________________________________________________________

3.Mr.andMrs.Davissaid,“Wewon’tbeabletocometodinnerthisSaturdaynight.”

_____________________________________________________________________

4.Thelandlordsaid,“Ihaven’treceivedthismonth’srentyet.”

_____________________________________________________________________

5.CousinSuesaid,“I’msorryIdidn’thavetimetocomeoverandvisitlastSaturday.”

_____________________________________________________________________

6.UncleHarrysaid,“I’llcallbacklater.”

_____________________________________________________________________

7.Theneighborsacrossthestreetsaid,“Wewererobbedlastnight!

”

_____________________________________________________________________

8.Sallysaid,“I’matmyfriendJuliet’shousenow.”

_____________________________________________________________________

9.Mothersaid,“Yoursisterandbrother-in-lawaregoingtohaveababy.”

_____________________________________________________________________

10.Auntysaid,“Therewasabigfireatthehighschool.”

_____________________________________________________________________

二、请用第三人称转述下面三封电子邮件。

1.Subject:

Mother’sDay

InItalywecelebratetheMother’sdayonthe2ndSundayofMay,that’swhystudentsdon’tgotoschoolandadultsarenotatwork.Sonsanddaughtersusuallygivetheirmotheralittlepresentlikeflowers,chocolatesorapieceofcostumejewelry.

ElisabettafromItaly

2.Subject:

Father’sDay

IbelieveFather’sDayoccursonthethirdSundayofJune.Weuseittogiveourfathersachancetorestandrelax,anddothingstheyenjoy,suchasfishing,golf,etc.Theyneedabreak!

UsuallymyfamilywillbuyDadacard,takehimtoeatandplay.

FromtheUnitedStatesbyMelissa

3.Subject:

Christmas

OntheChristmasevewedancearoundtheChristmastreeandSaintNicolaus.InmyfamilyweeatPorridgeintheeveningandwehaveaChristmastreeinthelivingroom.IntheChristmastreewehavecandlesandotherdecorationslikeredgoldenballsandredhearts.

FromSwedenbyGresa

参考答案：

一、1.Theplumbersaidhecouldn’tfixthebathtubthatdaybecausehewassick.

2.GrandmasaidGrandpawasfeelingmuchbetterthatday.

3.Mr.andMrs.Davissaidtheywouldn’tbeabletocometodinnerthatSaturdaynight.

4.Thelandlordsaidhehadn’treceivedthatmonth’srentyet.

5.CousinSuesaidshewassorryshehadn’thadtimetocomeoverandvisitthepreviousSaturday.

6.UncleHarrysaidhewouldcallbacklater.

7.Theneighboracrossthestreetsaidtheyhadbeenrobbedthenightbefore.

8.SallysaidshewasatherfriendJuliet’shousethen.

9.Mothersaidmysisterandbrother-in-lawweregoingtohaveababy.

10.Auntysaidtherehadbeenabigfireatthehighschool.

二、1.ElisabettafromItalysaidinItalytheycelebratedtheMother’sDayonthe2ndSundayofMay,andthatwaswhystudentsdidn’tgotoschoolandadultswerenotatwork.Shesaidsonsanddaughtersusuallygavetheirmotheralittlepresentlikeflowers,chocolatesorapieceofcostumejewelry.

2.MelissafromtheUnitedStatessaidshebelievedFather’sDayoccurredonthethirdSundayofJune.Shesaidtheyusedittogivetheirfathersachancetorestandrelax,andtodothingstheyenjoy,suchasfishing,golf,etc.Shesaidtheyneededarest.

Melissaalsosaidusuallyherfamilywouldbuyherfatheracard,takehimtoeatandplay.

3.GresafromSwedensaidontheChristmasevetheydancedaroundtheChristmastreeandSaintNicolaus.ShesaidinherfamilytheyeatPorridgeintheeveningandtheyhadaChristmastreeinthelivingroom.ShealsosaidintheChristmastreetheyhadcandlesandotherdecorationslikeredgoldenballsandredhearts.

学科：

英语

教学内容：

HesaidIwashard-working.

Title

HesaidIwashard-working

Topic

Tellingastory

Functions

Reportwhatsomeonesaid

Structures

Reportedspeech

Simplepasttense

Canforability

Targetlanguage

Whatdidyourmathteachersay?

HesaidIwashard-working.

Icanspeakthreelanguages.

Whatdidshesay?

Shesaidshecouldspeakthreelanguages.

Vocabulary

hard-working,reportcard,candobetter,speaking,listening

average,OK

Recycling

soapoperas,party,surprise,house,drinks,snacks,lazy,beach,tomorrow

math,Spanish,history,science

Why…,Ican…

Good

Friday,Saturday

LearningStrategies

Listeningforkeywords

Self-evaluating

Ⅰ．WordsandExpressions:

（n.名词adj.形容词adv.副词v.动词prep.介词）

单词/短语

词性

词义

讲解与例句

report

v.

报道；报告

Shereportsdirectlytotheboardofdirectors.她直接向董事会负责。

surprise

n.

惊奇

Tomysurprise,everyonepassedthefinalexam.

令我惊奇的是，每个人都通过了考试。

mad

adj.

十分恼火的

bemadat对。

。

。

非常恼火

Shewasmadwithmeforlosingmykeys.

她为我丢了钥匙而生我的气。

however

adv.

无论如何

Thisbookisexpensive,however,it’sworthit.这本书很贵，却很值。

message

n.

消息；信息

There’samessageforyoufromyourcousin.你表兄给你捎来个口信。

response

n.

回答；答复

Theymakeaquickresponsetomyinquiry.

他们对我的询问很快做了答复。

suppose

v.

假定；认为

Isupposeyouareright.我想你说得对。

Wearenotsupposedtoplayfootballo