英语六级第2套.docx
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英语六级第2套.docx
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英语六级第2套
2019年6月英语六级(第2套)
PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionA
Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Thedreamofpersonalisedflightisstillvividinthemindsofmanyinventors,somedevelopingcycle-poweredcraft,others26moneyintojetpacks(喷气飞行背包).However,theflyingcarhasalwaysremainedthe27symbolofpersonaltransportfreedom.
Severalcompaniesaroundtheworldhaveproduced28thatcandriveonroadsandfly.Airbushasafuturisticmodular(组件式的)conceptinvolvingapassengercapsulethatcanbe29fromtheroad-goingchassis(底盘)andpickedupbyahelicopter-typemachine.
Butalltheseconceptsaremassivelyexpensive,requiresafetycertificationstandardsforroadandair,need30controls,involvecomplexfoldingwingsandpropellers,andhavetobeflownfromair-strips.Sotheyarelikelytoremainrichpeople’splaythingsratherthanpracticaltransportsolutionsforthemasses.
“AcarthattakesofffromsomeLondonstreetandlandsinanother31streetisunlikelytohappen,”saysProf.Gray,aleadingaeronauticalengineer.“Skytaxisaremuchmorelikely.”Butthatwon’tstopinventorsfromdreamingupnewwaystoflyandtryingtopersuadeinvestorstobacktheirsometimes32schemes.
Civilianaviationisbeingdisrupted,notbytheage-olddesiresforspeed,romanticismand33,butbythepressingneedtorespondtoachangingclimate.Newelectricenginescoupledwithartificialintelligenceand34systemswillcontributetoamoreefficient,integratedtransportsystemthatislesspollutingandlessnoisy.Thatmaysoundsimple,butasProf.Graysays,“WhenItravelsomewhereIlikethisnotionthatwhenIfinishmyjourneyIfeelbetterthanwhenIstartedit.That’scompletelyat35withhowIfeeltoday.”Nowthatwouldbeprogress.
A)autonomousB)detachedC)dualD)glamour
E)imminentF)oddsG)oppositesH)outrageous
I)pouringj)prototypesK)randomL)repressing
M)segmentedN)spectrumO)ultimate
SectionB
CompaniesAreWorkingwithConsumerstoReduceWaste
A)Asconsumers,weareverywasteful.Annually,theworldgenerates1.3billiontonsofsolidwaste.Thisisexpectedtogoupto2.2billionby2025.Thedevelopedcountriesareresponsiblefor44%ofwaste,andintheU.S.alone,theaveragepersonthrowsawaytheirbodyweightinrubbisheverymonth.
B)Conventionalwisdomwouldseemtosuggestthatcompanieshavenoincentivetolengthenthelifecycleoftheirproductsandreducetherevenuetheywouldgetfromsellingnewgoods.Yet,moreandmorebusinessesarethinkingabouthowtoreduceconsumerwaste.Thisispartlydrivenbytherisingpriceofrawmaterialsandmetals.Itisalsopartlyduetobothconsumersandcompaniesbecomingmoreawareoftheneedtoprotectourenvironment.
C)Whenchoosingwhatproductstobuyandwhichbrandstobuyfrom,moreandmoreconsumersarelookingintosustainability.Thisisopposedtojustpriceandperformancetheywereconcernedaboutinthepast.Inasurveyof54oftheworld’sleadingbrands,almostallofthemreportedthatconsumersareshowingincreasingcareaboutsustainablelifestyles.Atthesametime,surveysonconsumersintheU.S.andtheU.K.showthattheyalsocareaboutminimizingenergyuseandreducingwaste.
D)Forthemostpart,consumerscontrolwhathappenstoaproduct.Butsomecompaniesarerealizingthatplacingtheburdenofrecyclingentirelyontheconsumerisnotaneffectivestrategy,especiallywhentossingsomethingawayseemsliketheeasiestandmostconvenientoption.
E)Someretailersandmanufacturersintheclothing,footwear,andelectronicsindustrieshavelaunchedenvironmentalprograms.Theywanttomaketheircustomersinterestedinpreservingtheirproductsandpreventingthingsthatstillhavevaluefromgoingtothegarbagedump.Byofferingservicestohelpexpandthelongevityoftheirproducts,they’repromisingqualityanddurabilitytoconsumers,andreceivingthereputationalgainsforbeingenvironmentallyfriendly.
F)Forexample,theSwedishjeanscompanyNudieJeansoffersfreerepairattwentyoftheirshops.Insteadofdiscardingtheiroldworn-outjeans,customersbringthemintoberenewed.Thecompanyevenprovidesmail-orderrepairkitsandonlinevideos,sothatcustomerscanlearnhowtofixapairofjeansathome.Theirphilosophyisthatextendingthelifeofapairofjeansisnotonlygreatfortheenvironment,butallowstheconsumertogetmorevalueoutoftheirproduct.Whencustomersdowanttotosstheirpair,theycangivethembacktothestore,whichwillrepurposeandresellthem.Anotherclothingcompany,Patagonia,ahigh-endoutdoorclothingstore,followsthesameprinciple.IthaspartneredwithDIYwebsiteiFixittoteachconsumershowtorepairtheirclothing,suchaswaterproofouterwear,athome.Thecompanyalsooffersarepairprogramfortheircustomersforamodestfee.Currently,Patagoniarepairsabout40,000garmentsayearintheirReno,Nevada,servicecenter.Accordingtothecompany’sCEO,RoseMarcario,thisisaboutbuildingacompanythatcaresabouttheenvironment.Atthesametime,offeringrepairsupportstheperceivedqualityofitsproducts.
G)InBrazil,themultinationalcorporationAdidashasbeenrunningashoe-recyclingprogramcalled“SustainableFootprint”since2012.CustomerscanbringshoesofanybrandintoanAdidasstoretobeshreddedandturnedintoalternativefuelsforenergycreationinsteadofbeingburnedastrash.Theyareusedtofuelcementovens.Tomotivatevisitorstobringinmoreoldshoes,AdidasBrazilpromotestheprograminstoresbyshowingvideostoeducatecustomers,anditevenoffersadiscounteachtimeacustomerbringsinanoldpairofshoes.ThisbooststhereputationandimageofAdidasbymakingpeoplemoreawareofthecompany’svalues.
H)Enormousopportunitiesalsoliewithe-waste.Itisestimatedthatin2014theworldproducedsome42millionmetrictonsofe-waste(discardedelectricalandelectronicequipmentanditsparts)withNorthAmericaandEuropeaccountingfor8and12millionmetrictonsrespectively.Thematerialsfrome-wasteincludeiron,copper,gold,silver,andaluminummaterialsthatcouldbereused,resold,salvaged,orrecycled.Together,thevalueofthesemetalsisestimatedtobeabout$52billion.ElectronicsgiantslikeBestBuyandSamsunghaveprovidede-wastetake-backprogramsoverthepastfewyears,whichaimtorefurbish(翻新)oldelectroniccomponentsandpartsintonewproducts.
I)Forothercompaniesinterestedinreducingwaste,helpingtheenvironment,andprovidingthesustainablelifestylesthatconsumersseek,herearesomefirststepsforbuildingarelationshipwithcustomersthatfocusesonrecyclingandrestoringvaluetoproducts:
J)Findpartners.Ifyouareamanufacturerwhoreliesonoutsidedistributors,thenretailersaretheidealpartnerforcollectingoldproducts.PowertoolmakerDeWaltpartnerswithcompanies,suchasLowesandNapaAutoParts,tocollectoldtoolsattheirstoresforrecycling.Thepartnershipbenefitsbothsidesbyallowingunconventionalpartners(forexample,twocompaniesfromtwodifferentindustries)toworktogetheronaspecificaspectofthevaluechain,like,inthisexample,anenginefirmwithanaccessoryone.
K)Createincentives.Environmentalconscientiousnessisn’talwaysenoughtomakecustomersrecycleoldgoods.Forinstance,DeWaltdiscoveredthatmanycontractorswereholdingontotheiroldtools,eveniftheynolongerworked,becausetheywereexpensivepurchasesanditwashardtojustifybringingthemintorecycle.Byofferinginstantdiscountsworthasmuchas$100,DeWaltlaunchedatrade-inprogramtoencouragepeopletobringbacktools.Asaresult,DeWaltnowreusesthosematerialstocreatenewproducts.
L)Startwithatrialprogram,andexpecttochangethedetailsasyougo.Anytake-backprogramwilllikelychangeovertime,dependingonwhatworksforyourcustomersandcompanygoals.Maybeyouseelowcustomerparticipationatfirst,orconversely,somuchsuccessthatthecostofrecyclingbecomestoohigh.BestBuy,forinstance,hasbeenbearingthelion’sshareofe-wastevolumesincetwoofitslargestcompetitors,AmazonandWal-mart,donothavetheirownrecyclingprograms.Sincethelaunchofitsprogram,BestBuychangeditspolicytoadda$25feeforrecyclingoldtelevisionsinordertokeeptheprogramgoing.
M)Buildacultureofcollectivevalueswithcustomers.Astrongerrelationshipbetweentheretailer/producerandtheconsumerisn’tjustaboutfinancialincentives.Bycreatingmoreawarenessaroundyoureffortstoreducewaste,andbydevelopingacultureofresponsibility,repair,andreuse,youcanbuildcustomerloyaltybasedonsharedvaluesandresponsibilities.
N)Theseexamplesarejustthetipoftheiceberg,buttheydemonstratehowhelpingcustomersgetmoreuseoftheirmaterialscantransformvaluechainsandoperations.Reducingwastebyincorporatingusedmaterialsintoproductioncancutcostsanddecreasethepriceofprocurement(采购):
lesstobeprocuredfromtheoutsideandmoretobere-utilizedfromtheinside.
O)Companiesplayabigroleincreatingacirculareconomy,inwhichvalueisgeneratinglessfromextractingnewresourcesandmorefromgettingbetteruseoutoftheresourceswealreadyhave--buttheymustalsogetcustomersengagedintheprocess.
36.Somecompaniesbelievethatproducts’prolongedlifespanbenefitsboththeenvironmentandcustomers.
37.Asurveyshowsshopperstodayaregettingmoreconcernedaboutenergyconservationandenvironmentalprotectionwhendecidingwhattobuy.
38.Companiescanbuildcustomerloyaltybycreatingapositivecultureofenvironmentalawareness.
39.Whencompanieslau
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