Unit 4 Psychology in Our Daily Life新编大学英语第二版第二册教案.docx
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Unit 4 Psychology in Our Daily Life新编大学英语第二版第二册教案.docx
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Unit4PsychologyinOurDailyLife新编大学英语第二版第二册教案
Unit4PsychologyinOurDailyLife
UsefulInformation
Psychologyisayoungandgrowingsciencethattouchesonabroadrangeofhumanactivities.Ingeneral,however,onecansaythatpsychologytriestoexplainwhypeopleact,think,andfeelthewaytheydo.Psychologistsareinterestednotonlyinhowindividualmindsworkbutalsointhevariousinteractionsofmindsinsociety.Itshouldbenoticedthatpsychologyprovidesmethodsofanalyzingandunderstandinghumanbehaviorandemotionsthatarenotbasedonmoralcodes.
Itisimportantnottoconfusepsychologywithpsychiatrywhichisabranchofmedicinedealingwiththediagnosisandtreatmentofseriousmentaldisorders.Psychiatrists,whoworkinhospitals,useavarietyofmethodsincludingdrugs,lighttherapyandelectricshocktreatmentstocureortocontrolmentallydisturbedpeople.However,theworkofbothpsychiatristsandpsychologistsofteninvolvesananalyticalprocesswhichinterpretstheunconsciousorsubconsciousforcesthatpreventapersonfromfunctioningsatisfactorilyindailylife.Byanalyzingtheseforcesandmakingthepersonawareofthem,itisoftenpossibletohelpthepersondealwithhisorhermentalandemotionalproblems.
ThewholefieldofpsychoanalysisoriginatedwiththeresearchoftheAustriandoctor,SigmundFreud(1856-1939).Accordingtohistheories,peoplearedrivenbyirrationalforcesorprimitiveinstincts.Freudbelievedthattheinnerstrugglebetweeninstinctsandconscienceoftenledtodisasterwhichwasmanifestedintheformofpersonaltragediessuchasmurderandsuicideorcollectivetragediessuchaswar.Headvocatedtheuseofpsychoanalysistohelppeoplecontrolirrationalforces.MuchofFreud'sworkwasbasedonhisinterpretationofdreamsandsexualinstincts.
TheSwissdoctor,CarlGustavJung(1875-1961),isconsideredtobetheotherfounderofthemodernscienceofpsychology.Heproposedatheoryofthecollectiveunconscious(thepartofthemindwhichholdsthedeepestandmosthiddenthoughtsandfeelings)ofhumanitythatwasnotbasedonsexuality,butratheronuniversalsymbolsandimageswhichhecalled"archetypes."AccordingtoJung,thementalemotionalexperiencesofallhumanbeingsareinfluencedbyuniversalarchetypes.Thesearchetypesincludevariousrepresentationsofthedark,inferioranduncivilizedsideofhumanbeings.Jungusedhistheorynotonlytoanalyzedreamsbutalsomythsandfolktalesfrommanydifferentcultures.
Thewholefieldofpsychologyhasevolvedandexpandedconsiderablysincetheearlypartofthetwentiethcentury.Therearenowmanybranchesofpsychologyanditisnolongerlimitedtoclinicalworkandtheanalysisofdreams.Overtheyears,qualitativeandquantitativeexperimentsonanimalsandhumanshaveprovidedavastamountofinformationonsocialbehavior,mentaldevelopment,emotionaldevelopment,learningprocesses,motivation,personalitydifferences,andsensoryperceptions.
Menandwomenwithtraininginpsychologynowworkinmanydifferentcareersrangingfromtherapiststoadvertisingagents.Thefindingsofpsychologicalresearchareusedtohelpthevictimsoffamilyviolence,todesignaptitudetests,tocarryoutefficiencystudiesintheworkplace,todevelopeducationalstrategies,toconductpoliticalcampaigns,andtopredictconsumerspending.Infact,thereishardlyanyaspectofmodernsocietythathasnotbeeninfluencedinsomewaybyresearchinthefieldofpsychology.
PartOnePreparation
1.DescribingthePictures
Picture1:
Thepatientlookssad.Heiscomingoutofthehospital,carryingatestreportinhishand.Judgingfromtheblackcloudhangingoverthehospital,thedroopingflowersandtrees,andthereportwiththeword“CANCER”onit,wecanassumethathehashadaseriesoftests.
Picture2:
Themanislyinginbed.Thedoctorhasobviouslyprescribedallkindsofmedicinebecausetherearebottlesofpillsonthetablebesidethebed.Thereisalsoapieceofpaperwiththeword“will”writtenonit.Themanissodepressedthathehaswrittenhiswillbecausehethinksheisgoingtodie.
Picture3:
Themanappearsextremelyhappy.Thesunisshiningoverthehospital.Theflowersandtreesareupright.Thedoctorhastoldthemanthathedoesnothavecancerafterall.(Thereportheiscarryinghasan“X”throughtheword“CANCER”.)Onseeingtheresult,hecan’tbelievehiseyes.
Picture4:
Thesunisshining,thetreesarefulloffruitandthehospitalhasdisappeared.Themanishappy.Heappearstobesingingorwhistling.Hetakesaracketandheadsofftoplaytennis.Heishealthyandfeelsenergeticagain.
Story:
Thisisastoryaboutamanwhohasbeentoldthatheislikelytohavecancer.Theneverythingaroundhimlooksdiscouraging.Hegoestobed,takeshismedicineandwriteshiswillbecauseheiscertainthathehascancerandhisdaysarenumbered.Thenextday,hegoesbacktothehospitalandthedoctorhasgoodnewsforhim:
thetestresultsindicatethathehasnocancer.Soheimmediatelyfeelshappy,fullofenergyandgoestoplaytennistoenjoyhimself.
2.GettingtoKnowYourClassmates
Possiblereasonsforthebeliefsandfeelings:
--Thosewholoveshoppingmayhavealotofmoneytospendandtakedelightindoingshopping.Sometimestheyhaveasenseofaccomplishmentaftershoppingisdone.Inothercases,whenpeopleareinlowspirits,theytendtodoalotofshopping.
--Somepeopledonoteatbeefbecauseoftheirreligion.Forexample,Hindusdonoteatbeef.Othersdonoteatbeefbecauseoftheirfamilyhabits.
--Busserviceinsomeplacesisverypoor.Busesareusuallycrowdedanddirty.That’swhypeopledon’tliketorideonabusandwhentheyareonabus,theywillgetsick.Theresultwillprobablybethattheyhateridingonabusevenmore.
--Thosewholovetotalktothemselvesareoftentimidandreserved.Theycanexpresstheirownfeelingsbydoingso.Somepeopledosobecausetheyarenotsureofthemselves.Theycanpracticetalkingtoothersinimagination,i.e.,byimaginingthattheyarefacingotherpeopleandtalkingwiththem.
--Somepeopleareterrifiedofsnakesbecausesomesnakesarepoisonous.Otherpeoplehatethembecausetheyareuglyanddisgusting.
--Peoplesometimesassociateviolenceandghostswithdarkness.Indarkness,peopleusuallyfeellonelyandhelpless.Andatthesametime,theyareafraidthatsomethingbadmayhappenatanymoment.
--Somepeoplethinktheyaretoofatwhencomparedwiththoseslimpeoplearoundthem.Inmostpartsoftheworld,peopleareworriedwhentheygainweightandtryeverymeanstokeepthin.Everyonehopestobegood-lookingorbeautifulandfollowthetrend.
--Thosewhoholdontotheirmoneyaslongaspossibleareusuallyverythrifty.Theyareafraidthatiftheyspendalltheirmoney,theywillhavenothingtorelyon.Withasmuchmoneyastheycansave,theycanatleasthaveasenseofsecurity.
--Peoplewhohatequeuingareimpatient.Theythinkitisawasteoftimetoqueue.Sotheytrytoavoidqueuingandsomepeoplejumpthequeuewhenpossible.
--Peoplebelieveinghostsiftheyhaveheardmanyghoststories.Somepeoplewhohavedreamedofghostsmaybelieveinthem.
--Thesepeoplebelievethateveryonehasacertainfate.Itisfatethatdetermineseverythingintheirlives.Theyareanxioustofindoutwhattheirfuturewillbelike.Sotheygotoafortunetellerinordertoknowtheirfutureinadvance.
--Thesepeoplecarealotabouttheirphysicalappearance,forexample,theywanttobeproperlydressedinordertoimpressotherpeople,ortheyprobablyareunconfidentofthemselves.Sotheywouldstandinfrontofamirrorformorethan10minutes.
3.AFunTest:
ComealongonanIncredibleJourneyintotheDesert!
BasedonJapaneseArchetypes(模型)thedesertrepresentsahardship.Eachoftheanimalsrepresentsanaspectofyourlife.Theorderinwhichyousacrificetheanimalsmightbesaidtorepresenttheimportanceofthesethingstoyou.
Theonethatyousacrificedfirstistheleastimportant,andtheonethatyoukeptisthemostimportant.
Thecowrepresentsbasicneeds.
Thesheeprepresentsfriendship.
Thelionrepresentspride.
Themonkeyrepresentscreativity.
Thehorserepresentspassion.
Anotherfuntestforyourreference:
1.Youarewalkingtoyourboy/girlfriend’shouse.Therearetworoadstogetthere.Oneisastraightpathtotakeyoutherequickly,butisveryplainandboring.Theotherissignificantlylongerbutisfullofwonderfulsightsandinterestingthings.Whichonedoyoutaketogettoyourboy/girlfriend’shouse,shortorlong?
2.Onthewayyousee2rosebushes.Oneisfullofredroses,andtheotherwhiteroses.Youdecidetopick20rosesforyourboy/girlfriend,ofanycolorcombination.Whatnumberofwhiteandreddoyoupick?
(Youcanpickallofonecolororanycomboofthetwo).
3.Youfinallygettotheirhouse.Afamilymemberanswersthedoor.Youcanhavehimgetyourboy/girlfriendorgogethim/heryourself.Whichdoyoudo?
4.Yougouptoyourboy/girlfriend’sroom,butnobodyisthere.Youdecidetoleavetherosesthere.Doyouleavethembythewindowsill(窗台)oronthebed?
5.Later,it’stimeforbed.Youandyourboy/girlfriendgotosleepinseparaterooms.Inthemorningwhenit’stimetowakeup,yougoinhis/herroomandcheckonhim/her.Whenyouarrive,doyouthinkhe/sheismostprobablyawakeorasleep?
6.Nowit’stimetogobackhome.Doyoutaketheshort,plainroadorthelonger,moreinterestingroad?
Theanswers:
1.Theroadrepresentsyourattitudetowardsfallinginlo
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- Unit Psychology in Our Daily Life新编大学英语第二版第二册教案 Life 新编 大学 英语 第二 教案
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