关于大卫科波菲尔中的人物形象英语论文.docx

关于大卫科波菲尔中的人物形象英语论文.docx

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关于大卫科波菲尔中的人物形象英语论文

AnAnalysisofImageinDavidCopperfield

Chapter1

Introduction

"DavidCopperfield"wasthemasterpieceofDickens;itwashisunremittinglyeffortsuptothelongestofasemi-autobiographicalwork,inMay1849toNovember1850installmentwaspublished.Inthepreface,Dickenssaid:

"Inallmyworks,myfavoriteinthisdepartment....Itismyfavoritechild."

Thispaperbeganwithabriefintroductionoftheauthorandthesocialbackground,andthenittriedtoanalyzethenovel.Thustheauthorpavedthewayforthefollowinganalysis,thenitcametotheessentialpartofthepaper—theanalysisofimageinDavid,Dora,David’sgreat-aunt,Mr.Micawber,andSteerforth,TheMr.Murdstones,Heep.

Next,theessaycametotheauthor’simpactonthetwofiguresinordertomakereadersknowmoreaboutthenovelandtheauthor.Finally,theauthorattemptedtoanalyzedifferentpeople’simageandshowpeople’sdifferentdestinies.Thepaperwantedtotellpeoplethatmaybefateisunfairtoyou,sothatyouaresufferingfromhumansufferings,butyoucannotdoanythingwithoutthegoodnessofheartandyoumustfightforyourowndestiny.Andstressed:

onlylovecangivecouragetofacethemiseryandsuffering.

DavidandSteerforthweretwodifferentimagesthathavegreatdifferences.Suchaskind-heartedfishermanPeggottyandDavid,despiteapoorfamily,didn’treceiveeducation,buttoholdanhonestandgoodheart,whilerichSteerforthwasaninvalidcharacterinstarkcontrast.

Atthesametime,itreflectedDickens'ownmorality:

"Whatgoesaroundcomesaround".SuchasasymbolofevilHeapandSteerforthhasbeendulypunished;kind-heartedpeoplehavefoundapopulardestinationthattheyweredreamedtocomeallthetime.

1.1Theintroductiontotheauthor

Dickenswasthemainrepresentativeofrealismliteratureofthe19thcentury.Theartofwittywords,nuancedpsychologicalanalysisandrealismwerecombinedtogetherclosely.Hewasparticularlyfamousforhisvividcomiccharacterizationsandsocialcriticism.Hewasthefirstauthorwhohadwrittenofthepoorwithfidelityandsympathy.HisworkswerefamousduringnovelsoftheVictorianageandamongthegreatclassicsinallfiction.

DickenswasborninFebruary,1812,atLandport,Portsmouth.Hewasthesecondofeightchildren.Hisfatherwasaclerk,hardworkingbutimprudent,latercaricaturedasMr.MicawberinDavidCopperfield.In1822,thefamilymovedtoLondon,whereCharleshadtoleaveschooltohelpsupporthisimpoverishedfamily.In1824,hisfatherwasputintoprisonfordebt.Attheageof12,Dickenswassenttogoingtoworkatafactory.Hewrappedandlabeledfor6shillingsaweek.Afterwork,hewanderedthroughthestreetsofLondon,enthralledbythesightofthedockyards,thefilesofconvicts,andvastsectionsofthecityinhabitedbythepoor.Thesebitterdaysremainedinhismemoryandlaterfoundexpressioninhisworks.

Dickenswasabletoreturntoschoolafterasmalllegacyhelpedreleasehisfatherfromprison.HewasanavidreaderandspentmuchtimeinthereadingroomoftheBritishMuseumandlearntshort-hand.Althoughhelaterreturnedtoschoolforatime,thisexperienceleftapermanentmarkonthesoulofCharlesDickens.Evenmanyyearslater,afterhehadbecomeasuccessfulauthor,hecouldnotbeartotalkaboutit,orberemindedofhisfamily’signominy.

AttheageoffifteenDickensbeganworkingasanofficeboyforalawfirm.Hetaughthimselfandby1828hebecameareporterforcourtsofDoctors’Common.Thedullroutineofthelegalprofessionneverinterestedhim,sohebecameanewspaperreporterfortheMirrorofparliament,theTrueSun,andfinallyfortheMorningChronicle.（JohnForster,werelaterhisclosestfriendandbiographer,wasalsoemployedattheTrueSun.）Bytheageoftwenty,DickenswasoneofthebestparliamentaryreportersinallEngland.

DuringthissameperiodDickens’sinterestbegantoswitchfromjournalismtoliterature.Hisfirstworkoffiction,“DinneratPoplarWalk〞（laterreprintedas“Mr.MinnsandHisCousin〞）,appearedintheMonthlyMagazinewhenhewastwenty-one.HisnewspaperworkhadgivenhimanintimateknowledgeofthestreetsandbywaysofLondon,andlatein1832hebeganwritingsketchesandstoriesofLondonlife.Theybegantoappearinperiodicalsandnewspapersin1833andin1836weregatheredtogetherassketchesbyBoz,IllustrationsofEverydaylife,andEverydayPeople.

Bythistime,Dickenswasenjoyingtheluxuriouslifehehaddreamedofasachild.In1850,hepublishedthelastinstallmentsofDavidCopperfield,apartlyautobiographicalnovelthatwashisfavorite.

In1858Dickens'stwenty-three-yearmarriagetoCatherineHogarthdissolvedwhenhefellinlovewithEllenTernan,ayoungactress.Thethelastyearsofhislifewerefilledwithintenseactivities:

writing,takingpartinmanagement,andundertakingtoursthatreinforcedthepublic'sfavorableviewofhiswork,whichtookanenormoustollonhishealth.Workingfeverishlytothelast,DickenscollapsedanddiedonJune8,1870,leavingTheMysteryofEdwinDrooduncompleted.

1.2Theintroductiontothebackground

SocialBackground

LikesomanyparentsIhaveinmyheartofheartsafavoritechild,"wroteCharlesDickens."AndhisnameisDavidCopperfield."HereDickensmadegooduseofhisownlifeexperiencetoattackthesocialevilsofthetime,themiseriesofchild-labour,thetyrannyinschools,thedebtors’prison,aswellasthecrueltyandimmortalityandthetreacherythatwereprevalentinVictorianEngland.Thusthenovelwasnotmerelyapersonalrecord,butabroadpictureofthesocietyoftheauthor’sday.

DavidCopperfield（alsocalledThePersonalHistoryandExperienceofDavidCopperfieldtheYounger）,waspublishedinmonthlyinstallmentsbetween5.1849and11.1850.Aneditionwaspublishedneartheendof1850. 

DavidCopperfieldwasanovelwritteninfirst-personpointofview.Itwassometimesreferredtoasanapprenticeshipnovelbecauseitcenteredontheperiodinwhichayoungpersongrowsup–thatis,serveshisapprenticeship.ThetypeofnovelwaspioneeredbyJohannWolfgangvonGoethe（1749-1832）inhisnovelWilhelmMeistersLehrjahre（WilhelmMeister'sApprenticeship）.AnapprenticeshipnovelcouldalsobeidentifiedbyitsGermanname,meaningnovel（roman）ofeducationaldevelopment（buildings）.Dickensbasedthebookinpartonthedifficultearlyyearsofhisownlife.Thenarrationchangednames,locales,andotherdetailsofDickens’slifebutmaintaineditsgeneraltenor.Forexample,whenDickenswasonlyachild,hehadtoleaveschooltoworkinafactorythatpolishedsomeshoes.Inthenovel,DavidCopperfieldhastoleaveschooltoworkinawarehousewashingandlabelingbottlesusedinthewinetrade.David’sinitials（D.C.）were,ofcourse,thereverseofDickens’s（C.D.）. 

Dickenswasamasteratdrawingmemorablecharacters.Someweresimpleanduncomplicated,likeBarkis,Creakle,Murdstone,andClaraPeggotty.Otherswerecomplex,likeDavidCopperfield.Throughoutthenovel,hebefriendedthewealthyandcharmingJamesSteerforth,ignoringhisdeviousandmalevolentside.Atthesametime,hebefriendedthegood-heartedTommyTraddlesandthehumblePeggottys.Thesetwoworlds–theworldofSteerforthandtheworldofthepeopleSteerforthandhisfamilylookdownupon–bothattractDavid,andpartofhismaturationwasdecidingwhatshouldconstitutehisownworld.Tobringhischaracterstolife,Dickensinvestedthemwithclearlydefiningvirtuesorvicesanddescribingthecharactersinawaythatenabledthereadertopicturethemandthescenesinwhichtheyappear.

Novel’sBackground

OfalltheDickens’novels,DavidCopperfieldreflectstheeventsofDickensownlifethemost.David’searlysufferingwasadequatelycompensatedwitharich,happymarriageandasuccessfulliterarycareer,justlikeDickenshimself,andtheworldisstillfullofhopeandsunshine.Theplotconstructionwasratherloose,butitalsoexcelledinitsvividcharacterization.Thenovel’sdetailednarrationwasalsoworthmentioning,whichgavetheworkatruthfulnesstothereallife.

TheearlysuccesswiththepublicnotonlygaveDickensanassurancethatledtoincreasedpowersofpoeticexpressionandnarrativetechnique,butalsotheconfidencetoasserthisthematicprioritiestoapointwheretheycontradictedthesocialassumptionsofmanyofhisreaders.Allhislaternovels,exceptATaleofTwoCities,presentacriticismofthemostfundamentalinstitutionsoftheVictorianEngland.

AlthoughDavidwasignorantofSteerforth’streachery,wewereawarefromthemomentwemetSteerforththathedidn’tdeserveofpraisewhichDavidfeelstowardhim.Daviddidn’tknowwhyhehatedHeeporwhyhetrustedaboywithadonkeycartwhostolehismoneyandlefthimintheroad,butitwaspossibleforhimtorealizeHeep’sinherentevilandtheboy’srealintention.InDavid’sfirst-personnarration,Dickensconveyedthewisdomoftheoldermanimplicitly,throughtheeyesofachild.

Thenovelbeganintheearly19thCentury（presumablyin1812,theyearofDickens'sbirth）inBlunderstone,afictionalnameforarealtown,Blundeston,whichDickensvisited.ItwasineasternEnglandinthecountyofSuffolk.OthercitiesinwhichactionwassetwereLondon,Canterbury,Yarmouth,Dover,andHighgate,suburbsofLondon.Neartheendofthenovel,DavidvisitedSwitzerland,andthePeggottysandMicawberstraveledtoAustralia.（However,neithertheSwissnortheAustralianlocalesactuallyappearedinthenovel.）.

SomewhereaboutthemiddleoftheserialpublicationofDavidCopperfield,happeningtobeoutofwriting-paper,hesalliedforthonemorningtogetafre