NoahLSMUSERGUIDE271模式说明.docx
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NoahLSMUSERGUIDE271模式说明.docx
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NoahLSMUSERGUIDE271模式说明
THECOMMUNITY
NoahLAND-SURFACEMODEL(LSM)
User’sGuide
PublicReleaseVersion2.7.1
LastUpdatedFeb.92005
ThisdocumentisfilenameNOAH_LSM_USERGUIDE_2.7.1docat
ftp:
//ftp.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/mmb/gcp/ldas/noahlsm/ver_2.7.1
Author:
KennethMitchell(NCEP/EMC)
PointofContact:
Vince.Wong@noaa.gov,phone301-316-5029
Collaborators:
MikeEk,VinceWong,DagLohmann,VictorKoren,JohnSchaake,QingyunDuan,GeorgeGayno,BrianMoore,PabloGrunmann,DanTarpley,BruceRamsay,FeiChen,JinwonKim,Hua-LuPan,YingLin,CurtisMarshall,LarryMahrt,TildenMeyers,PaulRuscher
TABLEOFCONTENTS
1.0Introduction
2.0ModelHeritage
3.0DirectoryContentsandQuick-StartGuidetoExecution
4.0SubroutineSummaryandCallingTree
5.0ControlFileContentsandFunction
6.0InputAtmosphericForcingFile
7.0LSMInitialConditions
8.0SpecifyingModelParameters
9.0ExecutionOutputFiles
10.0TechnicalReferences
1.0INTRODUCTION
ThisUser’sGuideprovidesexecutionguidanceforandphysicaldescriptionofthepublicversionofthecommunityNoahLSM.ThisversionoftheNoahLSMisastand-alone,uncoupled,1-Dcolumnversionusedtoexecutesingle-siteland-surfacesimulations.Inthistraditional1-Duncoupledmode,near-surfaceatmosphericforcingdataisrequiredasinputforcing(seeSec6.0).ThisLSMsimulatessoilmoisture(bothliquidandfrozen),soiltemperature,skintemperature,snowpackdepth,snowpackwaterequivalent(andhencesnowpackdensity),canopywatercontent,andtheenergyfluxandwaterfluxtermsofthesurfaceenergybalanceandsurfacewaterbalance.SeeSec10forthelineageofkeytechnicalreferences.
ThepublicserverdirectoryinwhichthisUser’sGuideresidesalsocontainsthecomplete,self-containedNoahLSMsourcecodefile,inputcontrolfile,inputatmosphericforcingfile,andexampleexecution-timeLSMoutputfilesforafullone-year1998simulation.ThissimulationisvalidattheChampaign,Illinoissurface-fluxsite(40.01N,88.37W)ofNOAA/ARLinvestigatorTildenMeyers.SeeSec3fora“Quick-Start”guidetoexecutingtheNoahLSMcodeinthisdirectorytoduplicatethecited1998simulationatthissite.ToexecuteNoahLSMsimulationsatothersitesforotherinitialtimes,studySecs5through8.
(Reminder:
SeeSec3fora“Quick-Start”guidetoexecutingtheNoahLSM.)
2.0MODELHERITAGE
Beginningin1990,andacceleratingafter1993undersponsorshipfromtheGEWEX/GCIP/GAPPthenGEWEX/GAPPProgramOfficeofNOAA/OGPviacollaborationwithnumerousGCIP/GAPP/GAPPPrincipalInvestigators(PIs),theEnvironmentalModelingCenter(EMC)oftheNationalCentersforEnvironmentalPrediction(NCEP)joinedwiththeNWSOfficeofHydrology(OH)andtheNESDISOfficeofResearchandApplications(ORA)topursueandrefineamodern-eraLSMsuitableforuseinNCEPoperationalweatherandclimatepredictionmodels.Earlyinthiseffort,NCEPcarriedoutanintercomparisonoffourLSMs,including1)asimplebucketmodel,2)theOSULSM(knownastheCoupledAtmosphericboundarylayer-Plant–Soil,CAPS,modelland-surfaceschemeinsomePILPSstudies),3)theSSiBmodel,and4)theSimpleWaterBalancemodel(SWB)ofOH.TheresultsofthisintercomparisonwerereportedinChenetal.(1996,seereferencesthereinforthefourcitedLSMs).AsaresultofthegoodperformanceoftheOSULSMinthisstudyandpre-existinghands-onexperiencewiththisLSMbyvariousEMCstaffmembers,includingHua-LuPanandKenMitchell,EMCchosetheOSULSMforfurtherrefinementandimplementationinNCEPregionalandglobalcoupledweatherandclimatemodels(andtheircompaniondataassimilationsystems).TheresultsofthecitedLSMintercomparisonandtheinitialEMCrefinementstotheOSULSMwerereportedinChenetal.(1996).
AtthebeginningoftheEMCLSMeffortin1990,theOSULSMalreadyhada10-yearhistory.ItsinitialdevelopmentwascarriedoutbyOSUinaseriesofthreepapers(MahrtandEk,1984;MahrtandPan,1984;andPanandMahrt,1987).AstheEMCLSMeffortunfoldedduringthe1990's,aseriesofNCEPextensionstotheOSULSMwerea)addedbyEMCanditsGCIP/GAPPandothercollaboratorsandb)testedandvalidatedinbothuncoupledandcoupledstudies(seereviewoftheseinMitchelletal,1999,2000,andEketal.2003).AtNCEP,theLSMwasfirstcoupledtotheoperationalNCEPmesoscaleEtamodelon31Jan96,withsignificantEtaLSMrefinementssubsequentlyimplementedon18Feb97,09Feb98,03Jun98,24Jul01,26Feb0212June02.In1999,witha)thenewadditionandtestingoffrozensoilandpatchysnowcoverphysicsintheuncoupledLSMusedfortheNCEP-OHsubmissiontoPILPS-2d(Valdai,Russia),andb)thegrowingnumberofexternaluserrequestsforaccesstoanduseoftheNCEPLSM(e.g.GCIP/GAPPPIs),wedecidedtheNCEPLSMhadadvancedtoastageappropriateforformalpublicrelease(firstinMarch99).
In2000,givena)theadventofthe"NewMillenium",b)astrongdesirebyEMCtobetterrecognizeitsLSMcollaborators,andc)anewNCEPgoaltomorestronglypursueandoffer"CommunityModels",EMCdecidedtocointhenewname"NOAH"fortheLSMthathademergedatNCEPduringthe1990s:
N:
NationalCentersforEnvironmentalPrediction(NCEP)
O:
OregonStateUniversity(DeptofAtmosphericSciences)
A:
AirForce(bothAFWAandAFRL-formerlyAFGL,PL)
H:
HydrologicResearchLab-NWS(nowOfficeofHydrologicDev--OHD)
WeinEMCstrivetoexplicitlyacknowledgeboththemulti-groupheritageandinformal"community"useageofthisLSM,goingbacktotheearly1980’s.SinceitsbeginningthenatOregonStateUniversity,theevolutionofthepresentNoahLSMhereinhasspannedsignificantongoingdevelopmenteffortsbythefollowinggroups:
NCEP/EMC:
NCEPEnvironmentalModelingCenter(EMC)
(Mitchell,Ek,Lohmann,Grunmann,Lin,Marshall,Chen,Rogers,Manikin,
Pan)
OSU:
OregonStateUniversity
(Mahrt,Pan,Ek,Kim,Ruscher)
HRL:
NWSHydrologyLab-formerlyOfficeofHydrology
(Schaake,Koren,Duan)
AFWA:
AirForceWeatherAgency-formerlyAFGWC
(Gayno,Mitchell,Moore)
AFRL:
AirForceResearchLab-formerlyAFGLandPL
(Mitchell,Chang,Hahn,Yang)
Inadditionto“in-house”NoahLSMdevelopmentandvalidationbytheaboveorganizations,thefollowingexternalPIs(primarilyGCIP/GAPP),havealsoperformedvaluablevalidationsoftheNoahLSManditsimmediateNCEP1990'spredecessors:
E.H.BerberyandRasmussonU.Maryland(ARM/CART)
C.Marshall,Basara,andCrawfordU.Oklahoma(OUMesonet)
Bastidas,Burke,Yucel,Shuttleworth,
SooroshianU.Arizona(ARM/CART,AZNET)
A.RobockandL.LuoRutgersU.(OUMesonet,ARM/CART)
A.K.BettsAtmosphericResInc(ISLSCP/FIFE)
C.D.Peters-Lidard,WoodPrincetonU.(TOPLATSextensions)
L.HinkelmanandAckermanPennStateU.(ARM/CART)
T.H.Chen,W.Qu,Henderson-Sellers,etal.RMIT(PILPS-2a)
E.Wood,Lettenmaier,Liang,Lohmann:
PrincetonU.(PILPS-2c)
A.Schlosser,A.G.Slater,Robock,etal.U.Maryland(PILPS-2d)
R.AngevineNOAA/AL(FlatlandExp)
L.BowlingandD.LettenmaierUniv.Washington(PILPS-2e)
A.BooneandJ.NoilhanMeteo-France(Rhone/GLASS)
K.Arsenault,B.Cosgrove,P.HouserNASA-HSB(LDAS)
SeeSec10fortechnicalreferencesontheaboveexternalvalidations.
Lastly,onecrucialcollaboratordeservesspecialmention,namelytheNESDISOfficeofResearchandApplications(Tarpley,Ramsay,Gutman,Kogan,Bailey),whichhasbeenthesourceofcriticalglobalsurfacefieldsofa)vegetationgreennessanditsseasonalityandb)realtimesnowcover,plusimportantGOES,satellite-based,hourlysurfacevalidationfieldsofc)landsurfaceskintemperatureandd)solarinsolation,bothona0.50-degreelat/lonCONUSgrid.
3.0DIRECTORYCONTENTSANDQUICK-STARTGUIDETOEXECUTION
3.1Basic_with_validation
Thedirectory/mmb/gcp/ldas/noahlsm/ver_2.7.1/basic_with_validationonanonymousserverftp.emc.ncep.noaa.govcontainssixteenfilesasfollows:
1)thisUser’sGuide(fileNOAH_LSM_USERGUIDE_2.7.1.doc),2-3)thesourcecodefilesplitfortheUser'sconvenienceintotwomutuallyexclusivefilesrepresentinga)"driver"routinesandb)"physics"routines,4)aninputcontrolfilethatdefinesmodelconfigurationandprovidesinitialconditions,5)aninputatmosphericforcingfile,6)adocfiledescribingthesourceandvalidperiod/locationofthisforcingfile,7-9)aninput"namelist"filetriadthatallowsinputofnon-defaultphysicalparameters,10-14)fiveexecution-timeoutputfiles,resultingfromanentireone-year1998simulationvalidneartheChampaign,Illinoissurface-fluxsiteofTildenMeyersofNOAA/ARL.Thissiteislocatedatthelat/loncoordinatesof(40.01N,88.37W),15)thisuser’sguideintextformat,16)atarfilethatcontainstheaforementioned15files.The16filenamesarelistedbelow:
FilenameContents
1--NOAH_LSM_USERGUIDE_2.7.1.docThisUser'sGuide
2--DRIVER_WITH_VALIDATION.f"DRIVER"familyofroutinesofNoah_LSM
3--NOAH_LSM_SRC_2.7.1.f"PHYSICS"familyofroutinesofNoah_LSMsourcecode
4--controlfile_ver_2.7.1Inputcontrolfile
5--forcing98_with_validation.datInputnear-surfaceatmosphericforcingfile
6--CHAMP_IL.docObservingsitedescription
7--namelist_filename.txt1-line50-charnameofnamelist-readinputfile
8--soil_veg_namelist_ver_2.7.1namelist-readinputfile
9-doitall_2.7.1.shExecuteDRIVERandSRC
10-PRTSCREEN.TXT.ZExecution“print*“screenoutput
11-DAILY.TXT.ZExecutionOutputFile1
12-HYDRO.TXT.ZExecutionOutputFile2
13-THERMO.TXT.ZExecutionOutputFile3
14-OBS_DATA.TXT.ZExecutionOutputDataFile
15-READMEThisuser’sguideintextformat
1
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