学年度人教版选修八Unit 3 Inventors and inventions单元综合测试之一18页含有解析word版.docx
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学年度人教版选修八Unit 3 Inventors and inventions单元综合测试之一18页含有解析word版.docx
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学年度人教版选修八Unit3Inventorsandinventions单元综合测试之一18页含有解析word版
2019学年度人教版选修八Unit3Inventorsandinventions单元综合测试之一
第Ⅰ卷
第二部分:
阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
A
Ipridedmyselfonbeingunattachedtoanydevice(装置).Then,Igotasmartphone.
It'snotaveryfancysmartphone,butIwaslost.Itwasusedduringcommercialbreaks,thelineatthebank,thethreeminutesittakesforpopcorntobeready.Ievencheckedmyphonewhileonthephonewithsomeoneelse.
Ibrokethemostsacred(不得违背的)technologyruleIhavewithmykids—nodevicesinthebedroom.Ididn'tjusttakemysmartphoneinthebedroom.Ichargeditthere.SoonthatdevicewasthefirstthingIcaughtafterwaking.
Iusedtokeepabookwithmeinmysparetime;nowIkeptthesmartphone.Iopenedsomeappswithoutconsciousthought;rememberingtolookuponasportsfieldbecameachallenge.
Recently,Iwaswaitingformyyoungestchild'ssoccergametostart,tryingtoansweremails,textmyhusband,andupdateawebsite.Thephonelostitssignalbeforemyupdatingthewebsite.
Idrovehomeandrushedtothelaptop.Coatstillon,Istartedtroubleshooting(检修故障).Myoldestsatacrossfromme.
IaskedthestandardMom-questionshalf-heartedly,half-listeningassheresponded.Shewastalkingaboutsomemusicopportunity,somethingshewasexcitedabout...
Iglancedupfrommyscreenandsawherlookingrightatme.MyfingersfrozeandIhadanawfulfeeling.IrealizeditwasthefirsttimeIhadlookedather.
Istartedapologizing,butshejustlaughed.
“Myfriendsaremuchbetteratmultitaskingonline.”
Thenextmorning,IdidsomethingthatwasmorepainfulthanI'dliketoadmit.Ideleted(删除)myapps.WhenIfinished,mysmartphonewasjustaphoneagain—somethingIcouldforgetinthecar.
21.Whatdoestheauthorrequireherkidsnottodoathome?
A.Makealongphonecallwithothers.
B.Discusssomethingabouttechnology.
C.Handleseveralthingsatthesametime.
D.Useelectronicequipmentinthebedroom.
22.Whathappenedtotheauthorsinceshegotasmartphone?
A.Shepaidmoreattentiontoherkids.
B.Shesettechnologyruleswithherkids.
C.Shewasmoreinterestedinreadingbooks.
D.Shebecamemoreandmoredependentonit.
23.Howdidtheoldestdaughterfeelabouthermother'shalf-heartedness?
A.Shefeltquiteangry.
B.Shedidn'ttakeittoheart.
C.Shewasverysurprised.
D.Shewasworriedabouthermother.
24.Whatdecisiondidtheauthormakeatlast?
A.Neveruseaphoneagain.
B.Onlydoonethingatatime.
C.NeversurfontheNetagain.
D.Useherphoneonlywhennecessary.
B
Canmodernlifemakeyousick?
Haveyoueverexperiencedthefollowingsurprisingsyndromes?
Margaret'sfriendistakinganewjobinafarawaycity.Shewantstoholdafarewelldinnerpartyatherhome.Butshecan't.MargaretsuffersfromCHAOS(Can'tHaveAnyoneOverSyndrome).Herapartmentisalwaysmessyandshe'sembarrassedbyit.“Mybestfriendgavemesomegoodadvice.Hetoldmetogetamaid,”shesays.
Thesedayswegetandreceivesomuchinformationeveryday.Peoplecall,text,andemailusalldaylongandtheyexpectquickresponsesfromus.Itcanbeverydemanding—andit'smakingsomepeoplesick.Theyhaveinformationfatigue(疲劳)syndrome.Thereissomuchinformationthattheybecomeparalyzedandcan'tthinkclearly.“Ican'tsleepatnightbecauseIworry,”saysBahman,acollegesenior.“It'sterrible.”
Doyousometimesengagein“deskfast”(eatingbreakfastatyourdeskatwork)?
Ifyouransweris“yes”,thenyoumaysufferfromhurrysickness.Hurrysicknessisastraightforwardnameforanothersyndromeofmodernlife.“I'malwaysrushing.Igetheadachesalot.Takingaspirinseemstohelp,”saysMari,acompanyemployee.
We'veallcomplainedabouthavingtoomuchworktodo.Well,howaboutnothavingenoughwork?
Underloadsyndromeiscausedbyhavinglittleornothingtodoattheoffice.Youhavetopretendthatyou'reworking.Stevenworksasaprojectmanager.“Icanfinishmyworkinaboutfourhours,butI'mafraidtosayanythingaboutit.Idon'twanttobeassignedtoomuchwork!
”
Ifyouwerethesepeople,howwouldyoureduceyoursufferings?
25.WhatcanwelearnaboutMargaret?
A.Sheisnotatidyperson.
B.Sheisgoingtotakeanewjob.
C.Sheisgoodatthrowingaparty.
D.Sheisunwillingtoacceptothers'advice.
26.WhatdoBahmanandMarihaveincommon?
A.Botharefullofenergy.
B.Bothlikeworkinggreatly.
C.Bothareundergreatstress.
D.Bothalwaysseemtoberushing.
27.What'swrongwithSteven?
A.Heisnotwellqualifiedforhisjob.
B.Hetriestostayawayfrompressure.
C.Heistoobusytohavehisownlife.
D.Helacksconfidencewhenworking.
C
InJapan,Christmasjustisn'tChristmaswithoutbutter.That'sbecausetheJapaneselovetocelebrateChristmasEvewith“Christmascakes,”whicharefilledwithwhippedcream(生奶油)andtoppedwithstrawberries.Makingthistastytreatrequiressomeseriousamountsofbutter.Butthisyear,thecreamygoldenspreadisinshortsupplyontheislandnation.
Infact,manyJapanesesupermarketsarefreshoutofdairy (milk)productsentirely.Thosethatdostillhavebutteroftenlimitshopperstooneboxapiece,andthepriceforthatboxismuchhigherthannormal.
NorthernJapanhasbeensufferingunusuallycoldwintersinrecentyears,andallofJapanhashadtoendure(忍受)hottersummers.Thisextremeweatherhasstressedoutthenation'sdairycows.Theyhavenotbeenabletoproducetheirexpectedamountofmilk.
However,evenbeforethebadweather,Japan'sbuttersupplywasintrouble.Thenumberofdairyfarmsinthecountryhasbeensteadilyshrinking.NotmanyyoungpeopleinJapanwanttobecomedairyfarmersanymore.
ThedemandfordairyproductsinJapanhasalsobeenfalling.TheJapanesedietconsistsmainlyofriceandseafood,anditoftendoesn'trequiremanymilkproducts.Sothegovernmentdecidedtocutbackthenumberofthecountry'sdairycowsin2007.Thisledtoabuttershortagein2008aswellasthecurrentshortage.
TheJapanesegovernmenthastriedtoincreasethestockofbutterbyimporting(进口)about10,000tonsfromoverseas.ButeventhisemergencysupplyhasdonelittletoendtheshortagethisChristmasseason.
BloggerAudreyAkcasusaysJapanesepeopleareusingsubstitutesintheircookingorpayingmoremoneyforreal butter.
“Somebakeriesarechoosingtoreplacebutterwithmargarine(人造黄油)thisyear,claimingtheslightchangeintastewillbelessnoticeablethanthepotentialhigherpricewewouldseeiftheyusedimportedbutter,”shewritesinNikkanGendai,aJapanesenewspaper.“Butformanyshoppers,it'llhavetobemargarineornothingthisChristmas.”
28.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph1referto?
A.Themilk.
B.Thebutter.
C.Thestrawberry.
D.TheChristmascake.
29.WhichofthefollowingisprobablyverypopularinJapan?
A.Beingdairyfarmers.
B.Enjoyingvariousdairyproducts.
C.EatingcakesatChristmas.
D.Tastingmargarineratherthanrealbutter.
30.WhichofthefollowingisJapanactuallyfacingnow?
A.Acowcrisis.
B.Muchmilderwinter.
C.Ashrinkingpopulation.
D.Continuallyfallingfoodprices.
31.WhatdoesAudreyAkcasuthinkofthegovernment'simportingbutterfromoverseas?
A.It'swise.
B.It'sunnecessary.
C.It'sineffective.
D.It'sunreasonable.
D
Attheturnofthe20thcentury,MaryAndersonmadehistorybyinventingautomobilewindshieldwipers(挡风玻璃雨刷器).In1902,whileridingatrolleybusinNewYorkCity,shecouldn'thelpnoticingthatthedriverhadtocontinuallystopinordertowipesnowandicefromthewindshield.Andersonthought thattherehadtobea betterway.
In1903,sheinventedaswingingarmwitharubberblade(刮片)thatswungbackandforth,removingrainandsnowfromthewindshieldsurface.Anderson'smodelwasdifferentfrom today'smodels,though,becauseitwashand-activatedbyalever(控制杆)frominsidethecar.Similardeviceshadbeenattempted inthepast,butAnderson'swasthefirsttoworkandthefirsttobesuccessfullypatented.Interestingly,shecouldnotselltherightstoherinvention.ACanadiancompanytoldherthatdriverswouldfindthemovementofthearm toodistracting(分散注意力的).SoeventhoughAnderson'swindshieldwipersbecamestandardincarsafter1915,herinventiondidnotmakehermuchmoney.
Andersonwasnottheonlyfemaleinventorofhertime. Infact,womenhavebeenresponsibleformanypracticalinventions.JosephineCochran,forexample,declared,“Ifnobodyelseisgoingtoinventadishwashingmachine,Iwill.”AfterreceivingapatentonDecember28,1886,shepresentedherworkingdishwasheratthe1893World'sFair.Atfirstnotahugesuccess,themachinewasusedonlybyhotelsandlargerestaurants.Householddishwashersdidnotbecomepopularuntilthe1950s.
Historically,womenhaveheldaminorityofpatents.InearlyU.S.history,socialandlegalbarriersoftendiscouragedwomenfrompatentinginventions.InAndersonandCochran'stime,womenlackedthesamelegalrightsasmen,whichforcedmanywomentopatenttheirinventionsundertheirhusbands'orfathers'names.Itisunfortunatethatthegeniusbehindeachoftheseinventionswasnotalwaysrewardedorrecognized,becausethesewomenhelpedtocreatetheefficientworldwetakeforgrantedtoday.
32.What'safeatureofAnderson'sinvention?
A.Itdependedonelectricity.
B.Ithadtobecontrolledbyhand.
C.Itwasplacedinsidethecar.
D.Itcouldn'tbeusedint
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