届许昌市高级中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析.docx
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届许昌市高级中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析.docx
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届许昌市高级中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析
2021届许昌市高级中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析
第一部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
TopFourMarathons
PortlandMarathon
Themarathonwelcomes8000peopleeveryfall.It’sagreateventforfirst-timersbecauseeveryoneischeeredonwithenthusiasmnomatterhowlongittakestocrossthefinishline.Thetimelimitforthefullmarathonisnowatapaceofminutespermile,or6hoursand33minutes,butinthepastithadanopentimelimit.Theypromiseyou’llstillreceiveyourmedalifyoufallbehindthepace,butyouhavetofinishusingthesidewalks.
TCSNewYorkCityMarathon
Astheworld’sbiggestmarathon,theTCSNewYorkCityMarathonattractsover50,000peopletotheBigAppleeachNovember.Thetimelimitisgenerouseightandahalfhours,butparticipantsmustmovetothesidewalkiftheydropbelow15-minutemile.Thefamouscoursesnakesthroughfiveboroughs(行政区)ofthecityandcrossesfivebridgestoendinCentralPark.
HonoluloMarathon
Themarathonattractsover30,000participantseachDecember.TheracestartsonAlaMoanaBoulevardindowntownHonoluluandsnakesitswayalongthebreathtakingHawaiiancoastlinetothefinishlineinKapiolaniPark.Thestarttimeisat5:
00amwithfinishlineservicesofficiallyopenuntil2:
00pm.However,theorganizersalloweveryonetofinishandhavewaitersonhanduntil4:
00pm.
BostonMarathon
ThemarathonisheldinMayeveryyear.Forthiseventrunningisn’tallowedasthecitystreetsaren’tclosedoff.Participantsmustinsteadmaketheirwayalongsidewalksundertheguidanceofeventorganizersandcitypolice.Theeventattractsover8,000peoplewhocanchooseanythingfromthree-milewalktothefull26.2-mileBostonMarathonroute.
1.Whereisanewmarathonrunnermostlikelytoreceiveenthusiasticcheers?
A.InPortland.B.InNewYork.
C.InHonolulu.D.InBoston.
2.WhatcanweknowaboutTCSNewYorkCityMarathon?
A.Itisextremelypopular.B.Ithasanopentimelimit.
C.Itstartsandendsinapark.D.Itforbidsusingthesidewalk.
3.Whichmarathonisheldtheearliestinayear?
A.PortlandMarathon.B.TCSNewYorkCityMarathon.
C.BostonMarathon.D.HonoluluMarathon.
B
Simplybeingquietisagrowingappeal.Lotsofbusinesshaveappearedtomeetarisingdemandforquiettime,fromsilentweekendgetawaystosilentdining,silentreadingpartiesandevensilentdating.Silencecanmeandifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Weareusuallysilentonlywiththoseclosesttous.Sothereissomethingalmostradical(不同凡响的)abouttherecenttrendtowardsenjoyingsilencewithstrangers.
MarielstartedaregularsilentreadingpartyinDundeejustunderayearago.Readersbringtheirbooksandmeetinabar,wheretheyreadtogetherinsilenceforanhourorsometimestwoandthenputtheirbooksawaytochatandhaveadrink.“Whenthereadingpartystarts,everythinggoesquiet,”saysMariel,“It’salittlebitsurreal(超现实的),especiallyinwhatisusuallyanoisybar.However,thereissomethingspecialaboutsharingthesilencewithothers.Itoffersachancetoescapefromreality;everyoneissobusywithworkandwithtechnologybeingeverpresent.Aneventlikethisgivespeopletheopportunitytoescapethesethingsforawhile.”
HoniRyanisanartistbasedinBerlinwhobeganhostingsilentdinnerbackin2006.Therulesofthedinnerare:
notalking,nousingyourvoice,noreadingorwriting,tryingtomakeaslittlenoiseaspossible,notconnectingwithtechnology,andstayingforatleasttwohours.SofarshehastakenhersilentdinnerprojecttoMexico,theUS,AustraliaandChina.“It’sevidentthattheage-oldconnectionswemakeoverfooddonotdependonthewordsaroundit.Silencecreatesthespaceforthepeopleandplacesinvolvedtofillwithwhateverisneeded;itisquitedifferentfromourusualsocialbehaviors.”
4.Whyhavelotsofsilentbusinessesappeared?
A.Tosatisfypeople’sdemandforsilence.
B.Tomakepeoplegetclosetoeachother.
C.Toappealtoyoungpeople.
D.Tochangepeople’soldwayoflife.
5.WhatcanwelearnaboutMariel’ssilentreadingparties?
A.Readerscanusetheirvoicewhilereading.
B.Readerscanbebusywiththeirwork.
C.Readerscanconnectwithtechnology.
D.Readerscanchatanddrinkafterreading.
6.Theunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphrefersto.
A.noiseB.spaceC.silenceD.food
7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.EscapefromReality.B.EnjoyingBeingQuiet.
C.SilentReadingParties.D.SilentDiningProjects.
C
Anursehasfulfilled(实现)apromiseshemadetoherpatientfouryearsagotoonedayattendherdaughter'sgraduationfromnursingschool.
EdinaHabibovic,22,graduatedfromChamberlainUniversity'sCollegeofNursingin2020.Hermother,SevalaHabibovic,46,diedin2017afteratwoyearfightwithbreastcancer.
“Ithoughtthemedicalfieldwasn'tforme.Then,mymomgotsickandIhadalltheexperiencegoinginandoutofthehospital,”EdinatoldGoodMorningAmerica.“Whenmymompassedaway,Ithought,‘Iwanttodothis.’”shesaid.
SanjaJosipovic,whoatthetimeworkedasahomehealthnursewithNorthwesternMedicineinWinfield,Illinois,caredforSevalainsideherhome.Theyoftenchattedandsharedthelatestnewswitheachotheroversixmonthsofcare.
“ShewasmostworriedaboutEdinabecauseshewasyoungandhadn'tfinishedschoolyet,”Sanjasaid.“Wearelikesisters;wecareaboutandtrusteachother.Shewasapowerfulandstrongmindedwoman.Shewasn'tscaredtodie;shewasjustworriedaboutherkidsandhusband.”
Edinasaidhermotherlivedforbeingwithherfamilyandtakingcareofpeople.“WhenSanjawasworking,mymomwouldstilltrytomakehersomethingtoeat,nomatterhowsickshewas,”Edinaadded.WhenSevala'slifewascomingtoanend,sheaskedSanjatotakeherplaceatheryoungestdaughter'snursingschoolgraduation.“Thatwastheonlythingshewasgoingtomiss.Edina'sgraduation,”saidSanja,whoisamotherofthreeherself.Sheagreed.
DuetoCOVID-19,therewasnograduationorpinningceremony.Edina'smanageratMarianjoyRehabilitationHospitaldecidedtohostapinningceremonyforherandhaveSanjapresentthepin.“Sanjahasfulfilledherpromise,”Edinasaid.
EdinaandSanjaarenowcaringforpatientsalongsideoneanotherascolleaguesatMarianjoy.
8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph3referto?
A.LeavingthehospitalB.Workingasanurse
C.FacingdeathpositivelyD.CaringforEdina'smother
9.WhatcanbelearnedaboutSanjaandSevala?
A.TheyenjoyedvolunteeringB.Theywerecancersurvivors
C.TheyhadunhappymarriagesD.Theydevelopedaclosebond
10.WhatwouldbeSevala'sregret?
A.Thelossofthechancetostudymedicine
B.HerabsencefromEdina'sschoolgraduation
C.FailingtokeepthepromisemadetoSanja
D.Nevercookingagoodmealforherhusband
11.HowdidSanjafulfillherpromise?
A.BytakingcareofEdinaandherfamily
B.ByhelpingEdinaenterherdreamhospital
C.ByattendingaspecialceremonyforEdina
D.BymanagingtobecomeEdina'scolleague
D
Whyisn’tsciencebetter?
Lookatcareerincentive(激励).Thereareoftensubstantialgapsbetweentheidealizedandactualversionsofthosepeoplewhoseworkinvolvesprovidingasocialgood.Governmentofficialsaresupposedtoworkfortheirconstituents.Journalistsaresupposedtoprovideunbiasedreportingandpenetratinganalysis.Andscientistsaresupposedtorelentlesslyprobethefabricofrealitywiththemostrigorousandskepticalofmethods.
Alltoooften,however,whatshouldbejustisn’tso.Inanumberofscientificfields,publishedfindingsturnoutnottoreplicate(复制),ortohavesmallereffectsthan,whatwasinitiallyclaimed.Plentyofsciencedoesreplicate—meaningtheexperimentsturnoutthesamewaywhenyourepeatthem-buttheamountthatdoesn’tistoomuchforcomfort.
Buttherearealsowaysinwhichscientistsincreasetheirchancesofgettingitwrong.Runningstudieswithsmallsamples,miningdataforcorrelationsandforminghypothesestofitanexperiment’sresultsafterthefactarejustsomeofthewaystoincreasethenumberoffalsediscoveries.
It’snotlikewedon'tknowhowtodobetter.Scientistswhostudyscientificmethodshaveknownaboutfeasibleremediesfordecades.Unfortunately,theiradviceoftenfallsondeafears.Why?
Whyaren'tscientificmethodsbetterthantheyare?
Inaword:
incentives.Butperhapsnotinthewayyouthink.
Inthe1970s,psychologistsandeconomistsbegantopointoutthedangerinrelyingonquantitativemeasuresforsocialdecision-making.Forexample,whenpublicschoolsareevaluatedbystudents’performanceonstandardizedtests,teachersrespondbyteaching“tothetest”.Inturn,thetestserveslargelyasofhowwelltheschoolcanpreparestudentsforthetest.
Wecanseethisprinciple—oftensummarizedas“whenameasurebecomesatarget,itceasestobeagoodmeasure”—playingoutintherealmofresearch.Scienceisacompetitiveenterprise.Therearefarmorecredentialed(授以证书的)scholarsandresearchersthanthereareuniversityprofessorshipsorcomparablyprestigiousresearchpositions.Oncesomeoneacquiresaresearchposition,thereisadditionalcompetitionfortenuregrantfunding,andsupportandplacementforgraduatestudents.Duetothiscompetitionforresources,scientistsmustbeevaluatedandcompared.Howdoyoutellifsomeoneisagoodscientist?
Anoft-usedmetricisthenumberofpublicationsonehasinpeer-reviewedjournals,aswellasthestatusofthosejournals.Metricslikethesemakeitstraightforwardtocompareresearcherswhoseworkmayotherwisebequitedifferent.Unfortunately,thisalsomakesthesenumberssusceptib
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