专题04 阅读理解科普类阅读 备战高考英语母题题源解密全国通用解析版.docx
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专题04 阅读理解科普类阅读 备战高考英语母题题源解密全国通用解析版.docx
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专题04阅读理解科普类阅读备战高考英语母题题源解密全国通用解析版
专题04阅读理解(科普类阅读)
【母题来源一】2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(天津卷)英语笔试(第一次)
【母题题文】
AtrialprojectbytheMontrealChildren'sHospitalsuggestedthattheuseofmedicalhypnosis(催眠)canreducepainandanxietyinpatients.Theprojectalsoresultedinareductionintheamountofmedicinesusedtoperformmedical-imagingimaging(医学影像)procedures.
“Duringtheexaminationchildrendon'tmove.Itworksperfectly.It'samazing,“saidJohanneL'Ecuyer,amedical-imagingtechnologistatthehospital.
TheprojectwasinspiredbyaFrenchteamfromRouenUniversityHospitalCentrewhereexaminationsaredoneunderhypnosisinsteadofgeneralanesthesia(麻醉)
AFrenchmedical-imagingtechnologist-alsoahypnotist—wasinvitedtotrainafewmembersinthemedical-imagingdepartmentofthechildren'shospital.Inall,80examinationswereconductedfortheprojectbetweenJanuaryandSeptember,2019,focusingontheimagingproceduresthatwouldcauseanxiety.
Hypnosisisnotastateofsleep:
Itisratheramodified(改变的)stateofconsciousness.Thetechnologistwillguidethepatienttothismodifiedstate—animaginaryworldthatwilldisassociateitselfmoreandmorefromtheprocedurethatfollows.
“Thetechnologistmustbuildupastorywiththepatient,"Ms.L'Ecuyersaid."Thepatientisleftwiththepowertochoosewhathewantstotalkabout.Doyouplaysports?
Doyoulikegoingtothebeach?
Weestablishasubjectthatwewilldiscussthroughouttheprocedure."
Everythingthathappensnextduringtheproceduremustberelatedtothisstory—aninjection(注射)becomesthebiteofaninsect;theheatontheskinbecomesthesensationofthesunandamachinethatringsbecomesapolicecarpassingnearby.
“Theimportantthingisthatthetechnologistassociateswhatishappeningoutsidethepatient'sbodywithwhatthepatientseesinhishead,"Ms.L'Ecuyersaid."Itrequirescreativityonthepartofthetechnologist,imagination,alotofpatienceandkindness."
TheprocedureappealedtothestaffalotwhenitwasintroducedinJanuary.ItspreadlikewildfirethatsomeonefromFrancewasheretotrainthetechnologists,"Ms.L'Ecuyersaid.Sheaddedthatshehadalineofstaffatherdoorwantingtotakethetraining.
45.Oneoftheresultsproducedbythetrialprojectis________.
A.abetterunderstandingofchildren
B.lessuseofcertainmedicines
C.newmedical-imagingtechnology
D.animprovedreputationofthehospital
46.TheFrenchtechnologistcametothechildren'shospitalto________.
A
assistintreatingapatient
B.carryouthypnosistraining
C.startupanewdepartment
D.learnabouttheprocedure
47.AccordingtoParagraph5,hypnosisworksby________.
A.creatingaperfectworldforpatients
B.forcingpatientsintoastateofdeepsleep
C.puttingpatientsintoanunconsciousstate
D.leadingpatients'consciousnessawayfromreality
48.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestoryusedintheprocedure?
A.Itshouldkeeppacewiththeprocedure.
B.Itreflectsthepatient'screativity.
C.Itisselectedbythetechnologist.
D.Ittellswhatdoctorsaredoingtothepatient.
49.Theprocedurewasreceivedamongthestaffwith________.
A.uncertainty
B.enthusiasm
C.worry
D.criticism
50.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.Aneasywaytocommunicatewithpatients.
B.Thestandardmethodofconductinghypnosis.
C.Anintroductionofmedical-imagingtechnology.
D.Theuseofhypnosisinmedical-imagingprocedures.
【试题解析】
45.B
细节理解题。
根据第一段“Theprojectalsoresultedinareductionintheamountofmedicinesusedtoperformmedical-imaging(医学影像)procedures.”可知该项目还导致用于医学影像程序的药品数量减少。
故选B。
46.B
细节理解题。
根据第三段“AFrenchmedical-imagingtechnologist--alsoahypnotist--wasinvitedtotrainafewmembersinthemedical-imagingdepartmentofthechildren'shospital.”可知法国医学影像技术专家也是一位催眠师,被邀请到儿童医院的医学影像部门培训几位员工。
故选B。
47.D
细节理解题。
根据第五段第一句“Hypnosisisnotastateofsleep:
Itisratheramodified(改变的)stateofconsciousness.可知,催眠是引导病人的意识远离现实,进入一个想象中的世界。
故选D。
48.A
推理判断题。
根据倒数第三段“Everythingthathappensnextduringtheproceduremustberelatedtothisstory”以及倒数第二段“Theimportantthingisthatthetechnologistassociateswhatishappeningoutsidethepatient'sbodywithwhatthepatientseesinhishead”可知催眠过程中接下来发生的一切都必须和这个故事有关而且重要的是技术专家把病人身体外发生的事情和他在大脑里看到的联系起来,由此可知故事必须跟整个催眠过程同步。
故选A。
49.B
推理判断题。
根据倒数第一段“Theprocedureappealedtothestaffalot…….”和最后一句“…shehadalineofstaffatherdoorwantingtotakethetraining.”可知这个程序吸引了很多员工而且还有有一队员工在她门口等着接受培训,可知,这个催眠程序受到了员工的欢迎。
A.uncertainty不确定;B.enthusiasm热情;C.worry担心;D.criticism批评。
故选B。
50.D
主旨大意题。
本文为科技类短文,中心为一项新技术的应用,全文主要讲述催眠技术在医学影像程序中的应用。
故选D。
【母题来源二】2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(浙江卷)
【母题题文】
Ifyouevergettheimpressionthatyourdogcan"tell"whetheryoulookcontentorannoyed,youmaybeontosomething.Dogsmayindeedbeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfaces,accordingtoanewstudy
Researcherstrainedagroupof11dogstodistinguishbetweenimages(图像)ofthesamepersonmakingeitherahappyoranangryface.Duringthetrainingstage,eachdogwasshownonlytheupperhalforthelowerhalfoftheperson'sface.Theresearchersthentestedthedogs'abilitytodistinguishbetweenhumanfacialexpressionsbyshowingthemtheotherhalfoftheperson'sfaceonimagestotallydifferentfromtheonesusedintraining.Theresearchersfoundthatthedogswereabletopicktheangryorhappyfacebytouchingapictureofitwiththeirnosesmoreoftenthanonewouldexpectbyrandomchance.
Thestudyshowedtheanimalshadfiguredouthowtoapplywhattheylearnedabouthumanfacesduringtrainingtonewfacesinthetestingstage."Wecanruleoutthatthedogesimplydistinguishbetweenthepicturesbasedonasimplecue,suchasthesightofteeth,"saidstudyauthorCorsinMuller."Instead,ourresultssuggestthatthesuccessfuldogsrealizedthatasmilingmouthmeansthesamethingassmilingeyes,andthesameruleappliestoanangrymouthhavingthesamemeaningasangryeyes.”
"Withourstudy,wethinkwecannowconfidentlyconcludethatatleastsomedogscandistinguishhumanfacialexpressions,"MullertoldLineScience.
Atthispoint,itisnotclearwhydogsseemtobeequippedwiththeabilitytorecognizedifferentfacialexpressionsinhumans."Tous,themostlikelyexplanationappearstobethatthebasisliesintheirlivingwithhumans,whichgivesthemalotofexposuretohumanfacialexpressions,"andthisexposurehasprovidedthemwithmanychancestolearntodistinguishbetweenthem,Mullersaid.
28.Thenewstudyfocusedonwhetherdogscan_________.
A.distinguishshapesB.makesenseofhumanfaces
C.feelhappyorangryD.communicatewitheachother
29.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudyfromparagraph2?
A.Researcherstestedthedogsinrandomorder.
B.Diversemethodswereadoptedduringtraining.
C.Picturesusedinthetwostagesweredifferent
D.Thedogswerephotographedbeforethelest.
30.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?
A.Asuggestionforfuturestudies.B.Apossiblereasonforthestudyfindings.
C.AmajorlimitationofthestudyD.Anexplanationoftheresearchmethod.
【试题解析】
28.B主旨大意题。
本文为科技类短文,中心位于首段。
根据首段的第二句“Dogsmayinxdeedbeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfaces,accordingtoanewstudy”可知,一项新的研究表明,狗可能真地可以辨别人的表情是高兴还是愤怒,紧接着后文又详细介绍了研究过程和结论,即狗能够识别人的表情。
故选B项。
29.C细节理解。
根据第二段中的Theresearchersthentestedthedogs"abilitytodistinguishbetweenhumanfacialexpressionsbyshowingthemtheotherhalfoftheperson'sfaceorimagestotallydifferentfromtheonesusedintraining”可知,研究者给狗展示了与以往训练完全不同的人脸(或图片)的另一部分。
故选C项。
30.B段落大意题。
根据最后一段中的“...whydogsseemtobeequippedwiththeabilitytorecognizedifferentfacialexpressionsinhumans”可知解释了为什么看起来狗具备识别人类表情的能力,也就是为什么会有这样的实验研究结论。
故选B项。
【课程标准解读】
课程标准中关于理解性技能的要求还包括区分和分析概括语篇中的主要观点和事实、识别与片中的时间顺序空间顺序和过程顺序、根据定义线索理解概念性词语和术语、根据语境线索和图表信息推测语篇内容。
通过预测和设问理解语篇的意义、根据上下文推断语篇中的隐含意义等能力。
科普类语篇的阅读要求学生熟悉语篇特征和出题特点。
熟悉话题词汇和话题语言特点,从语篇中利用查找细节、推理判断、总结归纳等方式了解和科普类话题有关的信息,培养获取信息和利用信息的能力。
【命题方向】
科普类短文的命题方向多以细节查找题、推理判断题和主旨大意题为主,近年还出现判断某一段落在整个语篇中的作用的题目。
【得分要点】
1熟悉文章结构,关注首段,把握话题中心
2根据定义线索理解概念性词语和术语,减少阅读难度
3.培养长句阅读能力,把握主要信息和利用关键信息的能力
1)跳读修饰成分,迅速找出主谓结构
先跳读修饰成分或附加成分,找出句子的主干并理解其意义;然后再分段理解修饰成分或附加成分。
2)如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的并列句,先找出其中的并列连词,然后再根据并列连词的意思理清句子前后是顺连关系还是反连关系,是因果关系还是转折关系等,最后再根据不同的语境关系正确理解句意。
3)如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的主从复合句,先分清主句与从句,然后弄清从句的性质,即弄清它是什么从句,从而判断从句的辅助作用
4.总结归纳话题词汇,减少阅读难度
1.(
河北省“五个一名校联盟”2021届高三第二次诊断考试)
AteamfromNorthwesternUniversityhasdevelopedasoft,skin-interfacedsensorthatcananalyzethemolecular(分子的)compositionofsweatforthingslikecortisol,bloodsugar,andvitaminC,sendingthedatatothewearer'ssmartphone.Thisdata,theresearchershope,willallowpeopletobettercontroltheirstresslevelsthroughouttheday.
Cortisol,alsocalledthestresshormone,canbemeasuredinaperson'ssweat.Releasedfromtheadrenalglands(肾上腺)underperiodsofphysicalandmentalstress,itcanbeapowerfulperformanceenhancer—increasingenergyproductionandglucose(葡萄糖)availabilityforthemusclesduringa"fightorflight"situation,forinstancebeingattackedbyalion.However,cortisolcanalsobereleasedbecauseofmodernstressorssuchasmoneyproblems,issuesatwork,andotherday-to-dayworriesthatifbuiltupovertime,createthechronicanxietyandcanleadtoanincreasedriskfordiabetes,depression,highbloodpressureandobesity.
Whensomeonewearsthechipsweats,theliquidrunsthroughsmallchannelsintoaseriesofchemicaltestsensorsthatlookfordifferentbiologicalsignalswhichcouldsuggestariseincortisol.
Previousattemptsinyearspastatcreatingdeviceslikethiswerelimitedbytheneedtotakesweatsamplestolaboratoriesforanalysis,removinganyabilityfort
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