话题九自然与环境类解析版 真题专项精练 备战22高考英语之十年真题专项精讲精练解析版.docx
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话题九自然与环境类解析版 真题专项精练 备战22高考英语之十年真题专项精讲精练解析版.docx
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话题九自然与环境类解析版真题专项精练备战22高考英语之十年真题专项精讲精练解析版
话题9自然与环境类
体裁:
说明文题材:
保护生态词数:
323难度:
中建议用时:
4分钟
Passage1(2020•新课标Ⅱ)
Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn’tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(时装)enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海狸鼠).
UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur—unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear”,saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.
ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.
NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物种).It’sdestroyingtheenvironment.It’sthemorus,"saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.
Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.
BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit’snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton’sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.
Thenthere’sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.She’stryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.
1.WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?
A.Topromoteguilt-freefur.
B.Toexpandthefashionmarket.
C.Tointroduceanewbrand.
D.Tocelebrateawinterholiday.
2. Whyarescientistsconcerned about nutria?
A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B.Nutria are an endangered species.
C.Nutriahurt local cat-sized animals.
D.Nutria are illegallyhunted.
3. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Boomed.B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.
4. What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A. It’s formal.B. It’s risky.C. It’s harmful.D. It’s traditional.
Passage1
【答案】AADB
1.A.
【思路】原因题.定位thefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn,文章中寻找事实句,分析原因即可。
【解析】根据第二段UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear,”saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.得知,美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀,时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服,项目总监CreeMcCree说:
“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地,否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”,可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏,这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。
故选A。
2.A.
【思路】原因题.定位scientistsconcernedaboutnutria,文章中寻找事实句,然后分析原因。
【解析】根据第三段ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.得知,科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元,可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡,故选A。
3.D.
【思路】单词意思题.先定位单词所在句,当成完型填空做即可。
【解析】根据第五段Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy. 得知,毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制,但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时,这种猫大小的动物数量疯长,根据but判断,这是转折关系,以前由于皮毛交易,海狸鼠处于控制,现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增,是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的,可以推断出划线词collapsed是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。
故选D。
4.B.
【思路】推断题.定位wearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan,文章中直接找即可。
【解析】根据第二段ModelPaigeMorgansays, “Togivepeopleaguilt–freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleastinNewYork.”得知,为了给人们一种无罪的选择,人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆,我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情,根据模特摩根所说得知,在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。
故选B。
体裁:
说明文题材:
自然环境词数:
364难度:
易建议用时:
7分钟
Passage2(2018•新课标Ⅰ)
Wemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That'sbadnewsfortheenvironment﹣andourwallets﹣astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.
Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife﹣fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox﹣setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande﹣readersshowedupin2007.
Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones."Theliving﹣roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids'room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,"saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We'renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices﹣wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt'steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.
Sowhat'sthesolution(解决方案)?
Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon﹣demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.
1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?
A.Theyareenvironment﹣friendly.
B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.
C.Theycostmoretouseathome.
D.Theygooutofstylequickly.
2.WhydidBabbitt'steamconducttheresearch?
A.Toreducethecostofminerals.
B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.
C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.
D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.
3.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?
A.Thebox﹣setTV.
B.Thetablet.
C.TheLCDTV.
D.Thedesktopcomputer.
4.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?
A.Stopusingthem.
B.Takethemapart.
C.Upgradethem.
D.Recyclethem.
Passage2
【答案】ADBA
1.A.
【思路】细节题.定位authorthinkofnewdevices,文章中直接找即可。
【解析】根据文章第一段的两句话可知,第一句表明人们并不会迅速抛弃旧的电子产品,第二句That'sbadnewsfortheenvironment﹣andourwallets﹣astheseoutdateddevicessuckupmuchmoreenergythantheirnewercounterparts说明持续使用旧的电子产品对环境而言是不利的,因为旧电子产品更耗能.因此,新电子产品应该是相对节能,即环保的.A项意为"他们是环保的".B项意为"他们并不比旧电子产品好".C项意为"家用时他们更耗电".D项意为"他们很快过时".故正确答案为A.
2.D.
【思路】原因题.定位Babbitt'steamconducttheresearch,文章中寻找事实句,直接出原因。
【解析】根据文章第二段第一句话中的Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing可知,实验的目的是测量这些电器的耗电量.A项意为"降低矿物成本".B项意为"测试产品生命周期".C项意为"使消费者了解新技术".D项意为"测量这些电器的耗电量".故正确答案为D.
3.B.
【思路】细节题.定位usestheleastenergy,文章中找选项的耗能量,需要进行比较。
【解析】根据文章第四段最后一句话Theyfoundthatmoreon﹣demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%可知,tablets比TVs和desktopcomputers耗电量低,故tablets是最省电的.A项意为"机顶盒式电视机".B项意为"平板电脑".C项意为"液晶电视".D项意为"台式电脑".故正确答案为B.
4.A.
【思路】推断题.thetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices看第一段直接出
【解析】根据文章的第一段可知,作者认为持续使用旧的电子产品既不环保也不经济,中间段落在测试各代电子产品进一步证明首段的观点.尾段谈到解决方案,研究人员测试出如果弃置旧电器,换用新的多功能电子产品,将有近一半的节能节省,因此可以得出,作者支持用新产品替代旧产品.A项意为"停止使用它们".B项意为"分解它们".C项意为"升级它们".D项意为"回收它们".故正确答案为A.
做完之后,我教你怎么另类做这四道题,怎么做,我们讲过科学研究类文章,看第一段,因为很有可能点明研究结论和主旨,逐句翻译之后你会得到以下结论:
1.人们并不会迅速抛弃旧的电子产品。
2.持续使用旧的电子产品对环境而言是不利的。
3.旧电子产品更耗能,对环境有害。
由此推测出一个结论:
新的不耗能,对环境有益,
好然后我们开始做。
1.作者怎么看新装置,直接出,是不是这样。
2.为什么B的团队要搞研究,是不是测耗能。
3.哪个电子产品用能最少,是不是最新的。
4.这篇文章建议用老装置的人干啥,是不是,第一段里的那些人不愿意抛弃旧产品,旧产品耗能,害环境,是不是就是叫那些人赶紧扔了,对吧?
这就是我们讲过的技巧,这就是考试的套路所在,你有没有想到呢?
体裁:
说明文题材:
自然环境词数:
284难度:
中建议用时:
7分钟
Passage3(2017•新课标Ⅲ)
Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.
GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.
Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelkpopulations﹣majorfoodsources(来源)forthewolf﹣grewrapidly.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation(植被),whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark'sredfoxes,andcompletelydroveawaythepark'sbeavers.
Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark.Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.
Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolvers.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitor
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