英语考研真题及参考答案.docx
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英语考研真题及参考答案.docx
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英语考研真题及参考答案
2020年英语考研真题及参考答案
SectionIUseofEnglish
DirectionsReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumbered
blankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Eveniffamiliesarelesslikelytositdowntoeattogetherthanwasoncethecase,
millionsofBritonswillnonethelesshavepartakenthisweekendofoneofthe
nation'sgreattraditions:
theSundayroast.__1__acoldwinter'sday,fewculinary
pleasurescan__2__it.Yetaswereportnow,thefoodpolicearedeterminedthatthis
__3__shouldberenderedyetanotherguiltypleasure__4__todamageourhealth.
TheFoodStandardsAuthority(FSA)has__5__apublicwarningabouttherisks
ofacompoundcalledacrylamidethatformsinsomefoodscooked__6__high
temperatures.Thismeansthatpeopleshould__7__crispingtheirroastpotatoes,spurn
thin-crustpizzasandonly__8__toasttheirbread.Butwhereistheevidenceto
supportsuchalarmistadvice?
__9__studieshaveshownthatacrylamidecancause
neurologicaldamageinmice,thereisno__10__evidencethatitcausescancerin
humans.
Scientistssaythecompoundis"__11__tobecarcinogenic"buthavenohard
scientificproof.__12__theprecautionaryprinciple,itcouldbearguedthatitis
__13__tofollowtheFSAadvice.__14__,itwasrumoredthatsmokingcausedcancer
foryearsbeforetheevidencewasfoundtoprovea__15__.
Doubtlessapieceofboiledbeefcanalwaysbe__16__uponSundayalongside
somesteamedvegetables,withouttheYorkshirepuddingandnowine.Butwouldlife
beworthliving?
__17__,theFSAsaysitisnottellingpeopletocutoutroastfoods
__18__,buttoreducetheirlifetimeintake.However,their__19__riskscoming
acrossasexhortationandnannying.Constanthealthscaresjust__20__withnoone
listening.
1.AInBTowardsCOnDTill
2.AmatchBexpressCsatisfyDinfluence
3.ApatienceBenjoymentCsurpriseDconcern
4.AintensifiedBprivilegedCcompelledDguaranteed
5.AissuedBreceivedCignoredDcanceled
6
.AunderBatCforDby
7.AforgetBregretCfinishDavoid
8.ApartiallyBregularlyCeasilyDinitially
9.AUnlessBSinceCIfDWhile
10.AsecondaryBexternalCinconclusiveDnegative
11.AinsufficientBboundClikelyDslow
12.AOnthebasisofBAtthecostofCInadditiontoDIncontrastto
13.AinterestingBadvisableCurgentDfortunate
14.AAsusualBInparticularCBydefinitionDAfterall15.AresemblanceBcombinationCconnectionDpattern
16.AmadeBservedCsavedDused
17.ATobefairBForinstanceCTobebriefDingeneral
18.AreluctantlyBentirelyCgraduallyDcarefully
19.ApromiseBexperienceCcampaignDcompetition
20.AfollowupBpickupCopenupDendup
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40
points)
Text1
AgroupoflabourMPs,amongthemYvetteCooper,arebringinginthenewyear
withacalltoinstituteaUK"townofculture"award.Theproposalisthatitshouldsit
alongsidetheexistingcityofculturetitle,whichwasheldbyHullin2017andhas
beenawardedtoCoventryforZozl.Cooperandhercolleaguesarguethatthesuccess
ofthecrownforHull,whereitbroughtin220mofinvestmentandanavalacheofarts,
outnottobeconfinedtocities.Britain'town,itistruearenotpreventedfromapplying,
buttheygenerallylacktheresourcestoputtogetherabittobeattheirbigger
competitions.Atownofcultureawardcould,itisargued,becomeanannualevent,
attractingfundingandcreatingjobs.
SomemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefactthatBritainisno
longerbeabletoapplyforthemuchmoreprestigioustitleofEuropeancapitalof
culture,asought-afterawardbaggedbyGlasgowin1990andLivorpoolin2008."A
cynicmightspeculatethattheUKisonthevergeofdisappearingintoanendless
feverofself-celebrationinitsdesperationtoreinventitselfforthepost-Brexitworld:
aftertownofculture,whoknowsthatwillfollow-villageofculture?
Suburbofculture?
Hamletofculture?
Itisalsowisetorecallthatsuchtitlesarenotacure-all.Abadlyrun"yearof
culture"washesinandoutofaplacelikethetide,bringingprominenceforaspellbut
leavingnolastingbenefitstothecommunity.Thereallysuccessfulholdersofsuch
titlesarethosethatdoagreatdealmorethanfillhotelbedroomsandbringin
high-profileartseventsandgoodpressforayear.Theytransformtheaspirationsof
thepeoplewholivethere;theynudgetheself-imageofthecityintoabolderandmore
optimisticlight.
Itishardtogetright,andrequiresaremarkabledegreeofvision,aswellas
cooperationbetweencityauthorities,theprivatesector,communitygroupsand
culturalorganisations.Butitcanbedone:
Glasgow'syearasEuropeancapitalof
culturecancertainlybeseenasoneofcomplexseriesoffactorsthathaveturnedthe
cityintothepowerofart,musicandtheatrethatitremainstoday.
A"townofculture"couldbenotjustabouttheartsbutabouthonouringatown'speculiarities-helpingsustainitshighstreet,supportinglocalfacilitiesandaboveall
celebratingitspeopleandturnitintoaction.
21.Copperandhercolleaguearguethata"townofculture"awardwould___.
A.consolidatethetowncitytiesinBritain
B.promotecooperationamongBrain'stowns
C.increasetheeconomicstrengthofBrain'stowns
D.focusBrain'slimitedresourcesonculturalevents.
22.Accordingtoparagraph2,theproposalmightberegardedbysomeas______.
A.asensiblecompromise
B.aself-deceivingattempt
C.aneye-catchingbonus
D.aninaccessibletarget
23.Theauthorsuggeststhatatitleholderissuccessfulonlyifit______
A.endeavortomaintainitsimage
B.meetstheaspirationofitspeople
C.bringsitslocalartstoprominence
D.commitstoitslong-termgrowth
24.“Glasgow”ismentionedinParagraph3topresent______
A.acontrastingcase
B.asupportingexample
C.abackgroundstory
D.arelatedtopic
25.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheproposal?
A.Skeptical
B.Objective
C.Favorable
D.Critical
Text2
Scientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney.Scientistsneed
joumalsinwhichtopublishtheirresearch,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithout
monetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthespecialisedworkofpeerreviewalso
forfree,becauseitisacentralelementintheacquisitionofstatusandtheproduction
ofscientificknowledge.
Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlyfnda
marketforitsjournal.Untilthiscentury,universitylibrarieswerenotveryprice
sensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreportprofitmarginsapproaching40%on
theiroperations,atatimewhentherestofthepublishingindustryisinanexistential
crisis.
TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapers
producedintheworld,madeprofitsofmorethan£900mlastyear,whileUK
universitiesalonespentmorethan£210min2016toenableresearcherstoaccesstheir
ownpubliclyfundedresearch;bothfiguresseemtoriseunstoppablydespiteincreasinglydesperateeffortstochangethem.
Themostdrastic,andthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceof
Sci-Hub,akindofglobalphotocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2012,whichnow
claimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalledarticlepublishedsince2015.Thesuccessof
Sci-Hub,whichreliesonresearcherspassingoncopiestheyhavethemselveslegally
accessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsusersandmustbe
transformedsothatitworksforallparticipants.
InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfunding
bodies.Insomewaysithasbeenverysuccessful.MorethanhalfofallBritish
scientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccessterms:
eitherfreelyavailable
fromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthe
publisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.
Yetthenewsystemhasnotworkedoutanycheaperfortheuniversities.
Publishershaverespondedtothedemandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreaders
bychargingtheirwritersfeestocoverthecostsofpreparinganarticle.Theserange
fromaround500to$5,000.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothof
subscriptionsandofthese’’articlepreparationcosts’’hadbeensteadilyrisingatarate
aboveinflation.Insomewaysthescientificpublishingmodelresemblestheeconomy
ofthesocialinternet:
labourisprovidedfreeinexchangeforthehopeofstatus,while
hugeprofitsaremadebyafewbigfirmswhorunthemarketplaces.Inbothcases,we
needarebalancingofpower.
26.Scientificpublishingisseenas“alicencetoprintmoney"partlybecause___
A.itsfundinghasenjoyedasteadyincrease.
B.itsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessful.
C.itspaymentforpeerreviewisreduced.
D.itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing.
27.AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublishersElsevierhave________
A.thrivedmainlyonuniversitylibraries.
B.gonethroughanexistentialcrisis.
C.revivedthepublishingindustry.
D.financedresearchersgenerously.
28.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuccessofSci-Hub?
A.Relieved.
B.Puzzled.
C.Concerned
D.Encouraged.
29.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs5and6thatopenaccessterms________
A.allowpublisher
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