大学英语四级考卷.docx
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大学英语四级考卷.docx
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大学英语四级考卷
大学英语四级考卷
PartⅠWriting
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:
ToCompete,ortoCooperate.Youshouldwritenomorethan120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:
1、 1.有人认为大学应提倡同学间竞争;
2.也有人认为学生应在大学里学会合作;
3.你的看法。
ToCompete,ortoCooperate
PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequickly.
Forquestions1-7mark
Y(forYES) ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;
N(forNO) ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;
NG(forNOTGIVEN) iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.
Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
AdventuresinForeignLanguages
Itcouldreasonablybearguedthat,forthoseofuswholiveintheUSAandspeakEnglishasournativetongue,thereisverylittlemotivationtolearnaforeignlanguage.WecantravelforthousandsofmilesandstillbesurroundedbynativeEnglishspeakers.Wecaneasilyspendourentireliveswithouthavinganyrealneedtospeakanotherlanguage.Itisevenpossibletocomfortablyvisitmanytouristdestinationsaroundtheglobe,speakingonlyEnglish.Clearly,learningaforeignlanguageisanon-essentialskillinoursociety.
Benefitsinlearningaforeignlanguage
Nevertheless,learningaforeignlanguageoffersseveralpossiblebenefits.Someofthecommonlystatedbenefitsare:
●Fostersafeelingofinternationalcommunity,bypromotinganawarenessofotherculturesandcountries.
●Enrichesourunderstandingofourownlanguage,bybringinggrammaticalstructuresandwordrootsintosharperfocus.ThismaybeespeciallytruewhenstudyinglanguagesthatsharelinguisticelementswithEnglish.
●Thestudyoflinguistics,andlearningtothinkandspeakinanotherlanguage,offersitsownintrinsicpleasuresandrewards.Languagecanbefun.
●Opensupthepossibilitiesofreadingnon-Englishliterature.
●Expandsglobaltravelopportunities.
Linguisticadventure
Ithinkthesearegoodreasons,soIwantedtoprovidemychildrenwithsomeexposuretoforeignlanguages.ButwhatlanguageshouldIteach?
WhatlanguageamIqualifiedtoteach?
ItookfouryearsofFrenchinhighschool(andgotstraightA's),butIneverreachedanyrealleveloffluency,andIhaveretainedverylittleofthesmallamountofFrenchIonceknew.IsthereanylanguagethatIcouldrealisticallylearn/teachalongsidemychildren?
I'dliketotellyouaboutourlinguisticadventures,andwhereweendedup.
Afterabitofresearch,IsettledonSpanishforourfirstforayintoforeignlanguages.ButhowshouldIteachit,giventhatIdon'tknowSpanishmyself?
Iknowofonefamilywhohiredafull-timeSpanishnannytocommunicatetothechildrenonlyinSpanish.Itworkedveryeffectivelyforthem,butthiswasnotanoptionformyfamily.
Anotheroptionwouldbetotakemychildrenonceaweektoaprivateinstructor.Manyfamiliesfindthistobethemostpracticalwaytolearnaforeignlanguage.YetIhavealsoheardmanyfamiliescomplainthattheirchildrenhavelearnedsurprisinglylittlefromsuchclasses.Perhapstheyhavelearnedabitofvocabulary(colors,partsofthebody,numbers,etc.),buttheyarestillunabletoexpressthemselvesinthesecondlanguage,orconstructanysentencesbeyondafewdrilled-in,rehearsedphrases.
DecidingonEsperanto
SoIwentbacktothedrawingboardanddidsomemorewebresearch,lookingforalanguageormethodthatwouldallowustodiscoversomeofthejoythatcancomefromlearningaforeignlanguage.Bysheerluck,Istumbledacrossalittle-knownlanguage,andwithinjustafewhoursofreadingaboutit,IknewitwasexactlywhatIwaslookingfor!
ThelanguagewasEsperanto.
WhenItellpeoplethatwe'relearningEsperanto,Iusuallygetsomestrangelooks.Butthat'sokay.WhenItellpeoplewehomeschool,Ioftengetstrangelooksaswell;I'musedtodoingthingsthatareoutsideofthemainstream.Andaswithhomeschooling,itcanbeverydifficulttosumupinacoupleofsentencesallthereasonswhyit'ssoworthwhile,particularlytosomeonewhomayalreadyhavepreconceptionstothecontrary.
WhyisEsperantounique?
SoforthoseofyouwhoknowverylittleaboutEsperanto,Ihopeyou'llindulgemeforamoment.Iwouldliketoexplainsomeofthefeaturesthatmakeitsuchauniquelanguage,andelaborateonwhyIthinkitissuchawonderfulpedagogicaltoolforexploringforeignlanguages.
Esperantowasinventedin1887byL.L.Zamenhof,aPolishphysician. Invented?
Yes,that'sright,Esperantowasinvented.Zamenhof'svisionwasthatEsperantowouldbecometheworld'ssecondtongue,breakingdownlanguagebarriersinEuropeandthroughouttheworld.Obviously,Esperantohasnot(yet?
)becometheworld'scommonlanguage,sointhisrespect,Esperantodidnotliveuptothedreamofitscreator.Becauseofthis,manypeople,iftheyhaveevenheardofEsperantoatall,areonlyvaguelyawareofitassomesortof"failed"experimentincreatingacommonlanguage.
Nevertheless,therealityisthatEsperantohasflourished,andonly120yearsafterit'sconception,isnowstudiedandspokenbypeopleallovertheglobe.Itlivesandevolvesjustlikeotherlanguages,anditcanbeusedtoexpressallfacetsofhumanthoughtandemotion.YetamajorityoftheseEsperantospeakerslearnedthelanguagethroughself-directedstudyorcorrespondencecourses!
Althoughalllanguagesrequireefforttolearn,Esperantoisastonishinglysimplewhencomparedtoanativelanguage.Thekeytoitssimplicityisitsconsistencyandregularity.Forexample,eachletterhasexactlyonephoneticsound,noexceptions.Eachwordhastheaccentonthesecond-to-lastsyllable,noexceptions.Allwordsendingin"o"arenouns.Allwordsendingin"a"areadjectives.Allwordsendingin"e"areadverbs.Unlikemanyforeignlanguages,inanimatenounsarenotcategorizedas"masculine"or"feminine".Verbconjugationisverystraightforward,andtherearenoirregularverbs.
AnotherkeyfacetofEsperantoisthatithasapowerfulsystemofwordbuilding,makingiteasytoformnewwordsoutofrootsandaffixesyoualreadyknow.Sincealargepartoflearningalanguageinvolvesaccumulatingvocabulary,thisword-buildingsystemmeansthatinEsperantoyouneedtolearnonly,say,atenthasmanywordrootstoexpressthesamenumberofconceptsasyouwouldinanotherlanguage.
Butsimplicityisnotreasonenoughtolearnalanguage.Solet'stakealookathowEsperantomeasuresupinachievingthebenefitsofaforeignlanguageprogram.Lookingbackatthelistfromthebeginningofthearticle,let'sconsiderthoseissuespointbypoint.
Esperantoisaninternationallanguage
Belongingtonoparticularcountry,Esperantoistrulyaninternationallanguage.WithintwomonthsofbeginningEsperanto,mykidswereexchangingpostcardsinEsperantowithchildrenfromRussia,France,Sweden,Poland,andUzbekistan.Iamdelightedthattheyhavehadthisopportunitytofeelconnectedtopeoplefromallovertheglobe.Mychildrendon'texpecteveryonetolearnEnglish;nordotheyexpecttolearneveryotherlanguage.Buttheyareeagertocommunicatewithanyonewillingtomeetthemhalfway.
MostoftheEsperantowordrootsarederivedfromLatin.ThismeansthatyoucanenjoyverysimilarEnglishvocabulary-buildingbenefitsbylearningEsperanto,withasmallfractionoftheeffort.Furthermore,Esperantousesgrammar-codedwordendingstomakethepartsofspeechandgrammaticalstructureofeachsentenceexceptionallyclear.
SinceEsperantoisonlyacenturyold,thereisnotahugebodyofEsperanto-onlyliterature.Nevertheless,thereareoverahundredoriginalEsperantonovelsandcollectionsofpoetry,aswellasmanyoutstandingtranslationsofworksfromothercountries.Esperantomagazinesreportcurrenteventsfromtheperspectivesofpeopleallovertheworld.
BylearningEsperanto,youbecomepartofaninternational"club"ofpeoplegenuinelyinterestedinmeetingandcommunicatingwithpeoplefromotherlands.TherearelistsyoucanobtainofEsperantistsfromcountriesaroundtheworld,eagertohostvisitors,andgivethemaninsider'slookattheircultureandcommunity.IknowseveralEsperantistswhohaveusedtheseliststotraveltheworldinexpensively,makingnewfriends,andseeingtheworldinadecidedlynon-touristyway.
Icanhearsomeofyouthinking,"Itsoundsinteresting,but1really,reallywantmykidstolearnSpanish(orFrench,orJapanese,orwhatever).Wedon'thavetimetospendonEsperanto."Amazingly,studyafterstudyhasshownthatlearningEsperantohasnocost!
Forexample,inonestudy,acontrolgroupofhighschoolstudentstookfouryearsofFrench,whiletheexperimentalgrouptookoneyearofEsperantofollowedbythreeyearsofFrench. Attheendofhighschool,theexperimentalgrouphadgreaterfluencyinFrench!
Inotherwords,thebenefitstheygainedfromstudyingEsperantomorethanoffsetthetimelostfromstudyinganotherlanguage.
2、ThepassagefocusesontheneedforAmericanstoLearnforeignlanguages.
3、ThewriterbelievesthatAmericansdonotlearnforeignlanguageslargelybecausetheyarelazy.
4、Thewriterbelievesthatlearningaforeignlanguagecanhelpapersonunderstandtheirownlanguagebetter.
5、MostAmericans,likethewriter,learnFrenchathighschool.
6、MostEsperantospeakerslearntitbytravelingandmeetingotherEsperantospeakers.
7、Esper
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