流体力学名词.docx
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流体力学名词.docx
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流体力学名词
流体力学名词
流体动力学fluiddynamics连续介质力学mechanicsofcontinuous介质mediummedia流体质点fluidparticle
无粘性流体nonviscousfluid,inviscidfluid连续介质假设continuousmediumhypothesis流体运动学fluidkinematics水静力学hydrostatics液体静力学hydrostatics支配方程governingequation伯努利方程Bernoulliequation伯努利定理Bernonllitheorem毕奥-萨伐尔定律Biot-Savartlaw欧拉方程Eulerequation亥姆霍兹定理Helmholtztheorem开尔文定理Kelvintheorem涡片vortexsheet库塔-茹可夫斯基条件Kutta-Zhoukowskicondition
布拉休斯解Blasiussolution
达朗贝尔佯廖d'Alembertparadox雷诺数Reynoldsnumber施特鲁哈尔数Strouhalnumber随体导数materialderivative不可压缩流体incompressiblefluid质量守恒conservationofmass动量守恒conservationofmomentum能量守恒conservationofenergy动量方程momentumequation能量方程energyequation控制体积controlvolume液体静压hydrostaticpressure涡量拟能enstrophy压差differentialpressure流[动]flow流线streamline流面streamsurface流管streamtube迹线path,pathline流场flowfield
流态flowregime流动参量flowparameter流量flowrate,flowdischarge涡旋vortex涡量vorticity涡丝vortexfilament涡线vortexline涡面vortexsurface涡层vortexlayer涡环vortexring涡对vortexpair涡管vortextube涡街vortexstreet卡门涡街Karmanvortexstreet马蹄涡horseshoevortex对流涡胞convectivecell卷筒涡胞rollcell涡eddy涡粘性eddyviscosity环流circulation环量circulation速度环量velocitycirculation偶极子doublet,dipole驻点stagnationpoint总压[力]totalpressure总压头totalhead静压头statichead总焓totalenthalpy能量输运energytransport速度剖面velocityprofile库埃特流Couetteflow单相流singlephaseflow单组份流single-componentflow均匀流uniformflow非均匀流nonuniformflow二维流two-dimensionalflow三维流three-dimensionalflow准定常流quasi-steadyflow非定常流unsteadyflow,non-steadyflow暂态流transientflow周期流periodicflow振荡流oscillatoryflow分层流stratifiedflow无旋流irrotationalflow有旋流rotationalflow
轴对称流axisymmetricflow不可压缩性incompressibility不可压缩流[动]incompressibleflow
浮体
floatingbody
定倾中心metacenter
阻力
drag,resistance
减阻
dragreduction
表面力surfaceforce表面张力surfacetension毛细[管]作用capillarity
来流
incomingflow
自
由流freestream
自由流线freestreamline
外流
externalflow
进口
entrance,inlet
出口
exit,outlet
扰动
disturbance,perturbation
分布distribution
传播propagation色散dispersion弥散dispersion附加质量addedmass,associatedmass收缩contraction镜象法imagemethod无量纲参数dimensionlessparameter几何相似geometricsimilarity运动相似kinematicsimilarity动力相似[性]dynamicsimilarity平面流planeflow势potential势流potentialflow速度势velocitypotential复势complexpotential复速度complexvelocity流函数streamfunction源source汇sink速度[水]头velocityhead拐角流cornerflow
空泡流cavityflow超空泡supercavity超空泡流supercavityflow空气动力学aerodynamics低速空气动力学low-speedaerodynamics高速空气动力学high-speedaerodynamics气动热力学aerothermodynamics亚声速流[动]subsonicflow跨声速流[动]transonicflow超声速流[动]supersonicflow锥形流conicalflow楔流wedgeflow叶栅流cascadeflow非平衡流[动]non-equilibriumflow细长体slenderbody细长度slenderness钝头体bluffbody钝体bluntbody翼型airfoil翼弦chord薄翼理论thin-airfoiltheory构型configuration
后缘trailingedge迎角angleofattack失速stall脱体激波detachedshockwave波阻wavedrag诱导阻力induceddrag诱导速度inducedvelocity临界雷诺数criticalReynoldsnumber前缘涡leadingedgevortex附着涡boundvortex约束涡confinedvortex气动中心aerodynamiccenter气动力aerodynamicforce气动噪声aerodynamicnoise气动加热aerodynamicheating离解dissociation地面效应groundeffect气体动力学gasdynamics稀疏波rarefactionwave热状态方程thermalequationofstate喷管Nozzle普朗特-迈耶流Prandtl-Meyerflow瑞利流Rayleighflow可压缩流[动]compressibleflow可压缩流体compressiblefluid绝热流adiabaticflow非绝热流diabaticflow未扰动流undisturbedflow等熵流isentropicflow匀熵流homoentropicflow兰金-于戈尼奥条件Rankine-Hugoniotcondition状态方程equationofstate量热状态方程caloricequationofstate完全气体perfectgas拉瓦尔喷管Lavalnozzle马赫角Machangle马赫锥Machcone马赫线Machline马赫数Machnumber马赫波Machwave当地马赫数localMachnumber冲击波shockwave激波shockwave
正激波normalshockwave斜激波obliqueshockwave头波bowwave附体激波attachedshockwave激波阵面shockfront激波层shocklayer压缩波compressi
onwave
反射
reflection
折射
refraction
散射
scattering
衍射
diffraction
绕射
diffrac
tion
出口压力exitpressure超压[强]overpressure
反压
backpressure
爆炸
explosion
爆轰
detonation
缓燃
deflagration
水动力学hydrodynamics
液体动力学hydrodynamics泰勒不稳定性Taylorinstability盖斯特纳波Gerstnerwave斯托克斯波Stokeswave瑞利数Rayleighnumber自由面freesurface波速wavespeed,wavevelocity波高waveheight波列wavetrain波群wavegroup波能waveenergy表面波surfacewave表面张力波capillarywave规则波regularwave不规则波irregularwave浅水波shallowwaterwave深水波deepwaterwave重力波gravitywave椭圆余弦波cnoidalwave潮波tidalwave涌波surgewave
破碎波breakingwave船波shipwave非线性波nonlinearwave孤立子soliton水动[力]噪声hydrodynamicnoise水击waterhammer空化cavitation空化数cavitationnumber空蚀cavitationdamage超空化流supercavitatingflow水翼hydrofoil水力学hydraulics洪水波floodwave涟漪ripple消能energydissipation海洋水动力学marinehydrodynamics谢齐公式Chezyformula欧拉数Eulernumber弗劳德数Froudenumber水力半径hydraulicradius水力坡度hvdraulicslope
高度水头elevatinghead
水头损失headloss
水位waterlevel水跃hydraulicjump
含水层
aquifer
排水drainage
排放量
discharge
壅水曲线backwatercurve压[强水]头pressurehead过水断面flowcross-section
明槽流
openchannelflow
孔流orificeflow
无压流
freesurfaceflow
有压流
pressureflow
缓流subcriticalflow
急流supercriticalflow
渐变流
graduallyvariedflow
急变流
rapidlyvariedflow
临界流
criticalflow
异重流
densitycurrent,gravity
flow
堰流weirflow
掺气流
aeratedflow
含沙流
sediment-ladenstream
降水曲线dropdowncurve
沉积物
sediment,deposit
沉[降堆]积sedimentation,deposition沉降速度settlingvelocity流动稳定性flowstability不稳定性instability奥尔-索末菲方程Orr-Sommerfeldequation
涡量方程vorticityequation
泊肃叶流Poiseuilleflow
奥辛流
Oseenflow
剪切流
shearflow
粘性流[动]viscousflow层流laminarflow
分离流
separatedflow
二次流
secondaryflow
近场流
nearfieldflow
远场流
farfieldflow
滞止流
stagnationflow
尾流wake[flow]
回流backflow反流reverseflow
射流jet自由射流freejet管流pipeflow,tubeflow内流internalflow拟序结构coherentstructure猝发过程burstingprocess表观粘度appare
ntviscosity运动粘性kinematicviscosity动力粘性dynamicviscosity泊poise厘泊centipoise厘沱centistoke剪切层shearlayer
次层sublayer流动分离flowseparation层流分离laminarseparation
湍流分离
turbulentseparation
分离点separationpoint附着点attachmentpoint再附reattachment
再层流化
relaminarization
起动涡startingvortex驻涡standingvortex
涡旋破碎
vortexbreakdown
涡旋脱落
vortexshedding
压[力]降
pressuredrop
压差阻力
pressuredrag
压力能pressureenergy型阻profiledrag
滑移速度
slipvelocity
无滑移条件non-slipcondition
壁剪应力
skinfriction,frictional
drag
壁剪切速度frictionvelocity
磨擦损失
frictionloss
磨擦因子
frictionfactor
耗散dissipation
滞后lag
相似性解similarsolution
局域相似localsimilarity
气体润滑gaslubrication
液体动力润滑hydrodynamiclubrication
浆体slurry
泰勒数Taylornumber
纳维-斯托克斯方程Navier-Stokesequation
牛顿流体Newtonianfluid
边界层理论
boundarylatertheory
边界层方程
boundarylayerequation
边界层boundarylayer
附面层boundarylayer
层流边界层
laminarboundarylayer
湍流边界层
turbulentboundarylayer
温度边界层
thermalboundarylayer
边界层转捩
boundarylayertransition
边界层分离
boundarylayerseparation
边界层厚度
boundarylayerthickness
位移厚度displacementthickness
动量厚度momentumthickness
能量厚度energythickness焓厚度enthalpythickness注入injection吸出suction泰勒涡Taylorvortex速度亏损律velocitydefectlaw形状因子shapefactor测速法anemometry粘度测定法visco[si]metry流动显示flowvisualization油烟显示oilsmokevisualization孔板流量计orificemeter频率响应frequencyresponse油膜显示oilfilmvisualization阴影法shadowmethod纹影法schlierenmethod烟丝法smokewiremethod丝线法tuftmethod氢泡法nydrogenbubblemethod相似理论similaritytheory相似律similaritylaw部分相似partialsimilarity定理pitheorem,Buckingham
theorem
静[态]校准staticcalibration动态校准dynamiccalibration风洞windtunnel
激波管
shocktube
激波管风洞shocktubewindtunnel水洞watertunnel拖曳水池towingtank旋臂水池rotatingarmbasin
扩散段
diffuser
测压孔
pressuretap
皮托管
pitottube
普雷斯顿管prestontube斯坦顿管Stantontube文丘里管Venturitube
U形管
U-tube
压强计
manometer
微压计
micromanometer
多管压强计multiplemanometer
静压管
static[pressure]tube
流速计
anemometer
风速管Pitot-statictube
激光多普勒测速计laserDoppleranemometer,laserDopplervelocimeter
热线流速计hot-wireanemometer
热膜流速计hot-filmanemometer流量计flowmeter
粘度计visco[si]meter
涡量计vorticitymeter传感器transducer,sensor压强传感器pressuretransducer热敏电阻thermistor
示踪物tracer时间线timeline脉线streakline尺度效应scaleeffect壁效应walleffect堵塞blockage堵寒效应blockageeffect
动态响应
dynamicresponse
响应频率
responsefrequency
底压basepressure
菲克定律
Ficklaw
巴塞特力
Bassetforce
埃克特数
Eckertnumber
格拉斯霍夫数Grashofnumber
努塞特数
Nusseltnumber
普朗特数
prandtlnumber
雷诺比拟
Reynoldsanalogy
施密特数
schmidtnumber
斯坦顿数
Stantonnumber
对流convection
自由对流
naturalconvection,free
convec-tion
强迫对流
forcedconvection
热对流heatconvection
质量传递
masstransfer
传质系数
masstransfercoefficient
热量传递
heattransfer
传热系数
heattransfercoefficient
对流传热
convectiveheattransfer
辐射传热radiativeheattransfer
动量交换momentumtransfer能量传递energytransfer传导conduction热传导conductiveheattransfer热交换heatexchange临界热通量criticalheatflux浓度concentration扩散diffusion扩散性diffusivity扩散率diffusivity扩散速度diffusionvelocity分子扩散moleculardiffusion沸腾boiling蒸发evaporation气化gasification凝结condensation成核nucleation计算流体力学computationalfluiddynamics(mechanics)多重尺度问题multiplescaleproblem伯格斯方程Burgersequation对流扩散方程convectiondiffusionequation
KDU方程KDVequation修正微分方程modifieddifferentialequation拉克斯等价定理Laxequivalencetheorem数值模拟numericalsimulation大涡模拟largeeddysimulation数值粘性numericalviscosity非线性不稳定性nonlinearinstability希尔特稳定性分析Hirtstabilityanalysis相容条件consistencycondition
CFL条件Courant-Friedrichs-Lewycondition,CFLcondition狄里克雷边界条件Dirichletbound
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