高考英语阅读理解训练十八.docx
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高考英语阅读理解训练十八.docx
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高考英语阅读理解训练十八
高考英语阅读理解训练十八
Passage1
Hilversumisamedium-sizedcitybetweenthemajorcitiesofAmsterdamandUtrechtintheGooiareaofNorthHolland,theNetherlands.UnlikemostoftheNetherlands,Hilversumisactuallyinahillyareawiththesoilmostlyconsistingofsand.OncecalledtheGardenofAmsterdam,itstillattractstravelerstocomeovertocycleandwalkthroughthesurroundingforests.Theyvisititforarelaxingdayofffromtheurbanmadness.ForDutchpeople,Hilversumisallabouttextile(纺织)andmediaindustries,andmodernarchitecture.
Inhistory,Hilversumwaslargelyanagriculturalarea.Dailylifewasmarkedbyfarming,sheepraisingandwoolproduction.ArailwaylinktoAmsterdamin1874attractedrichtradersfromAmsterdamtoHilversum.Theybuiltthemselveslargevillas(别墅)inthewoodedsurroundingsofthetown.OneofthefamiliesmovinginwastheBrenninkmeijers,currentlythewealthiestfamilyoftheNetherlands.TheymovedinafterbigsuccessinthetextileindustryandaidedasubstantialtextileindustryinHilversum.Butthetextileboomlastedonlyseveraldecades.Thelastfactoryclosedinthe1960s.
Thechangetoamediaeconomystartedin1920,whentheNederlandseSeintoestellenFabriek(NSF)establishedaradiofactoryinHilversum.Mostradiostationssettledinthelargevillasintheleafyareasofthetown.Televisiongaveanotherpushtothelocaleconomy.HilversumbecamethemediacapitaloftheNetherlands,andDutchtelevisionstarsmovedintotheleafyneighborhoodssurroundingthetown.
Intheearly1900s,modernarchitectsW.M.DudokandJ.DuikerplacedhundredsofremarkablebuildingsinHilversum.Thesemodernarchitecturalmasterpieces(杰作)aresomanythatHilversumalmostfeelslikeanopenairmuseum.Dudokaloneshapedmostof20thcenturyHilversumandapproximately75buildingsstillbearhisuniquecharacteristics.Hismasterpiece,HilversumTownHall,wasbuiltin1928-1931.Ithaswideinternationalfameandisincludedinmanyarchitecturetextbooks.Thebuildinghasaremarkableshapeandlookslikeacombinationof“blocks”.Actually,onemaystarthisjourneyofmodernarchitecturebywalkingorbikingtheW.M.DudokArchitecturalRouteinHilversum.
1.HilversumisdifferentfrommostoftheNetherlandsinthat______.
A.ithasalargepopulation
B.itiscutofffrombigcities
C.ithasmanybeautifulgardens
D.itisinahillyareawithsandysoil
2.WhatwasthegreatestcontributionoftheBrenninkmeijerstoHilversum?
A.BuildingarailwaylinktoAmsterdam.
B.Helpingitstextileindustrytodevelop.
C.Constructinglargevillasforthepoor.
D.Assistingitsagriculturalindustry.
3.ThebeginningofthemediaindustryinHilversumwasmarkedbytheestablishmentof______.
A.aradiofactoryB.themedialcapital
C.aradiostationD.aTVstation
4.WhatisknownaboutW.M.Dudok’sHilversumTownHall?
A.Itconsistsofapproximately75buildings.
B.Itlookslikeanopenairmuseuminthecity.
C.Itisaclassicexampleinarchitecturetextbooks.
D.Ithasshapedmostof20thcenturyHilversum.
Passage2
“Twocenturiesago,LewisandClarkleftSt.LouistoexplorethenewlandsacquiredintheLouisianaPurchase,”GeorgeW.Bushsaid,announcinghisdesireforaprogramtosendmenandwomentoMars.“Theymadethatjourneyinthespiritofdiscovery.Americahasventuredforthintospaceforthesamereasons.”
YettherearevitaldifferencesbetweenLewisandClark’sexpeditionandaMarsmission.First,theywereheadedtoaplacewherehundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerealreadyliving.Second,theywerecertaintodiscoverplacesandthingsofimmediatevaluetothenewnation.Third,theirventurecostnexttonothingbytoday’sstandards.AMarsmissionmaybethesinglemostexpensivenon-wartimeundertakinginU.S.history.
AppealingasthethoughtoftraveltoMarsis,itdoesnotmeanthejourneymakessense,evenconsideringthehumancallingtoexplore.AndMarsasadestinationforpeoplemakesabsolutelynosensewithcurrenttechnology.
PresentsystemforgettingfromEarth’ssurfacetolow-Earthorbitaresofantasticallyexpensivethatmerelylaunchingthe1,000tonsorsoofspacecraftandequipmentaMarsmissionwouldrequirecouldbeaccomplishedonlybycuttinghealth-carebenefits,educationspending,orotherimportantprograms---orbyraisingtaxes.Absentsomeremarkablediscovery,astronauts,geologists,andbiologistsonceonMarscoulddolittlemorethananalyzerocksandfeelawestruck(敬畏的)staringintotheskyofanotherworld.Yetrockscanbeanalyzedbyautomatedprobeswithoutrisktohumanlife,andatatinyfractionofthecostofsendingpeople.
ItisinterestingtonotethatwhenPresidentBushunveiledhisproposal,helistedtheserecentmajorachievementsofspaceexplorationpicturesofevidenceofwateronMars,discoveryofmorethan100planetsoutsideoursolarsystem,andstudyofthesoilofMars.Alltheseaccomplishmentscamefromautomatedprobesorautomatedspacetelescopes.Bush’sproposal,whichcallsfor“reprogramming”someofNASA’spresentbudgetintotheMarseffort,mightactuallyleadtoareductioninsuchunmannedscience——theoneaspectofspaceexplorationthat’sworkingreallywell.
RatherthanspendhundredsofbillionsofdollarstohurltonstowardMarsusingcurrenttechnology,whynottakeadecadeortwoorhowevermuchtimeisrequiredresearchingnewlaunchsystemsandadvancedpropulsion(推进力)?
Ifnewlaunchsystemscouldputweightintoorbitaffordably,andadvancedpropulsioncouldspeedupthatlong,slowtransittoMars,thedreamofsteppingontotheredplanetmightbecomereality.Marswillstillbetherewhenthetechnologyisready.
1.WhatdoLewisandClark’sexpeditionandaMarsmissionhaveincommon?
A.Instantvalue.B.Humaninhabitance.
C.Venturecost.D.Exploringspirit.
2.Bush’sproposalischallengedforthefollowingreasonsexceptthat.
A.itsexpenditureistoohugeforthegovernmenttoafford.
B.Americanpeople’swell-beingwillsufferalotifitisimplemented
C.greatachievementshavealreadybeenmadeinMarsexplorationinAmerica.
D.unmannedMarsexplorationsoundsmorepracticalandeconomicalforthemoment.
3.Whichcannotbeconcludedfromthepassage?
A.GoingtoMarsusingcurrenttechnologyisquiteunrealistic.
B.AMarsmissionwillinturnpromotethedevelopmentofunmannedprogram.
C.Bush’sproposalisbasedonthreerecentgreatachievementsofspaceexploration.
D.Theachievementsinplaceexplorationshowhowwellunmannedsciencehasdeveloped.
4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
A.Riskyasitis,aMarsmissionhelpstoretainAmerica’spositionasatechnologicalleader.
B.AMarsmissionissocostlythatitmayleadtoaneconomicdisasterinAmerica.
C.SomedaypeoplemaygotoMarsbutnotuntilitmakestechnologicalsense.
D.AMarsmissionisunnecessarysincethescientistsoncetherewon’tmakegreatdiscoveries.
Passage3
Ineversoonthenightnorseenastar;I'veseenneitherspringnorfallnorwinter.IwasbornattheendoftheReiningAge(刹车时代),justastheEarth'srotation(旋转)wascomingtoafinalstop.
TheReininglastedfor42years,threeyearslongerthantheUnityGovernmenthadplanned.Mymotheroncetoldmeaboutthetimeourfamilywitnessedthelastsunset.TheSunhadeversoslowlycrepttowardthehorizon,almostasifithadstoppedmovingaltogether.Intheend,ittookthreedaysandthreenightstofinallyset.Naturally,thatwastheendofall"days"andall"nights".TheEasternHemisphere(半球)wascoveredinweaklightforalongtimethen,perhapsforadozenyearsorso—withtheSunhidingjustbeyondthehorizon—itsraysreflectedbyhalfofthesky.ItwasduringthatlongsunsetthatIwasborn.
Duskdidnotmeandarkness.TheNorthernHemispherewaslitupbytheEarthEngines.ThesegiantengineshadbeenraisedallacrossAsiaandNorthAmerica;onlythesolidplatesbeneaththosetwocontinentscouldresistthegreatpushingforcestheyexerted.Therewereabout12,000EarthEnginesbuiltanddistributedacrosstheAsianandAmericanplains.
Frommyhome1couldseethebrightplasmaplumes(等离子气柱)ofseveralhundredEarthEngines.Justimagineatitanicpalace,oneaslargeastheParthenonontheAcropolis.Nowimaginecountlesstitanicpillarsrisingfromthatpalace,reachingtotheheavens,eachreleasingbrilliant,bluish-whitelightlikeatitanicshiningtube.Andthenthereisyou;youareamicrobeonthepalace'sfloor.Thisonlybeginstopaintthepictureoftheworldwelivedin.
Thispicture,however,isnotyetcomplete.Inordertosurvivethemeltingtemperatureoftheexpandingsun,wehavetopushtheEarthawayfromit.First,theEarthmustbestoppedfromrotating.Onlytheforcesactingtangentially(正切地)totheEarth'srotationcouldslowit,sotheEarthEngineshadtobebuilttoaspecificangle.Thosegiganticpillarsoflightwereleaningtothatangle.Nowimaginewhatthatmeantforourpalace,withitspillarsallleaningonthepointoffallingdown!
ManywhocamefromtheSouthernHemispherewentmadwhensuddenlyseeingthisawesomeview.
WorsethantheviewwastheburningheatreleasedbytheEarthEngines.Outdoorsthetemperaturewasstuckataround160to180degrees,forcingustowearspecialsuitsjusttoleavethehouse.Theextremelyhightemperaturesoftenbroughtpouringrains.ItwasalwaysaterrifyingscenewhenthebeamofanEarthEnginecutthroughdarkclouds.Thecloudsscatteredthebrilliant,bluish-whitelightofthebeam,eruptingitintoendlessrainbowlightthatcoveredtheentireskylikewhite-hotmagma(岩浆).
Tomygeneration
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