英语诗歌的节奏.docx
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英语诗歌的节奏.docx
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英语诗歌的节奏
第二节英语诗歌的节奏之阿布丰王创作
创作时间:
二零二一年六月三十日
英诗的节奏来自于诗的格律和音步,而音步是格律的基本单元.音步是一定命目的重读音节和非重读音节依照一定的规则排列而成.音步的排列方式则构成英诗的格律.依照每一音步中重读音节(扬)和非重读音节(抑)的排列方式,可以把音步分成份歧的种类,及格律.
罕见的英语诗歌格律有以下四种.
(1)抑扬格:
音步由一个非重读音节加上一个重读音节构成.
(2)扬抑格:
音步由一个重读音节加上一个非重读音节构成.
(3)扬抑抑格:
音步由一个重读音节加上两个非重读音节构成.
(4)抑抑扬格:
音步由两个非重读音节加上一个重读音节构成.
(1)抑扬格iambus,theiambusfoot
ShewalksinBeautyShewalksinbeauty,likethenightOfcloudlessclimesandstarryskies;Andallthat'sbestofdarkandbrightMeetinheraspectandhereyes:
Thusmellow'dtothattenderlightWhichheaventogaudydaydenies.Oneshadethemore,oneraytheless,Hadhalfimpair'dthenamelessgraceWhichwavesineveryraventress,Orsoftlylightenso'erherface;WherethoughtsserenelysweetexpressHowpure,howdeartheirdwelling-place.Andonthatcheek,ando'erthatbrow,Sosoft,socalm,yeteloquent,Thesmilesthatwin,thetintsthatglow,Buttellofdaysingoodnessspent,Amindatpeacewithallbelow,Aheartwhoseloveisinnocent!
(2)扬抑格trochee,thetrochaicfoot
MenofEngland,whereforeplough
Forthelordswholayyelow
Neverseektotellthylove,
Lovethatnevertoldcanbe.
(3)扬抑抑格
Cannontorightofthem,Cannontoleftofthem,Cannonbehindthem
Volley'dandthunder'd;Storm'datwithshotandshell,Whilehorseandherofell,TheythathadfoughtsowellCamethro'thejawsofDeathBackfromthemouthofHell,Allthatwasleftofthem,
Leftofsixhundred.
(4)抑抑扬格
Annabellee
抑扬格一音步
ThusI
Passby
Anddie
Asone
Unknown
Andgone----
Tellmenot,inmournfulnumbers,
Lifeisbutanemptydream!
Forthesoulisdeadthatslumbers,
Andthingsarenotwhattheyseem.
Lifeisreal!
Lifeisearnest!
Andthegraveisnotitsgoal;
Dustthouart,todustreturnest,
Wasnotspokenofthesoul.
Notenjoyment,andnotsorrow,
Isourdestinedendorway;
Buttoact,thateachto-morrow
Findusfartherthanto-day.
Artislong,andTimeisfleeting,
Andourhearts,thoughstoutandbrave,
Still,likemuffleddrums,arebeating
Funeralmarchestothegrave.
Intheworld'sbroadfieldofbattle,
InthebivouacofLife,
Benotlikedumb,drivencattle!
Beaherointhestrife!
TrustnoFuture,howe'erpleasant!
LetthedeadPastburyitsdead!
Act,--actinthelivingPresent!
Heartwithin,andGodo'erhead!
Livesofgreatmenallremindus
Wecanmakeourlivessublime,
And,departing,leavebehindus
Footprintsonthesandsoftime;
Footprints,thatperhapsanother,
Sailingo'erlife'ssolemnmain,
Aforlornandshipwreckedbrother,
Seeing,shalltakeheartagain.
Letus,then,beupanddoing,
Withaheartforanyfate;
Stillachieving,stillpursuing,
Learntolaborandtowait.
----H.W.Longfellow
扬抑格四音步
Thetrumpetofaprophecy!
Owind,
Ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?
第三节英诗的音韵_
英诗的音乐性还暗示在音韵上.音韵是通过重复使用相同或相近的音素而发生,是构成诗歌音乐美和艺术情趣的重要元素.
英诗中罕见的音韵形式可以分为两年夜类:
行中韵(internalrhyme)和尾韵(endrhyme)
1行中韵是指诗行内通过重复使用相同或相近似的音素而发生,具体暗示为以下几种形式.
(1)头韵alliteration
头韵是指一行诗或一个句子中,较为临近的两个或两个以上的词起首辅音相同而发生的音韵.
Lookatthestars!
Look,lookupattheskies!
Olookatallthefire-folksittingintheair!
Thebrightboroughs,thecircle-citadelsthere!
—G.M.Hopkins,“TheStarlightNIght”
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Islip,Islide,Igloom,Iglance,
Amongmyskinningswallows.
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Whereatwithblade,withbloodyblamefulblade,
Hebravelybroachedhisboilingbloodybreast,
暗头韵internalorhiddenalliteration
Hereinthelongunlovelystreet
---------------------------------------------------------------------
TheScianandtheTeianmuse,
Thehero’sharp,thelover’slute,
Havefoundthefameyourshoresrefuse.
头韵与双声
(2)腹韵(assonance)
腹韵也称原音迭韵或半谐音.
Fromthecradletothegrave
Donotgogentleintothatgoodnight
Oldageshouldburnandraveatcloseofday.
Rage,rageagainstthedyingofthelight.
Thoughwisemenattheirendknowdarkisright,
Becausetheirwordshaveforkednolightningthey
Donotgogentleintothatgoodnight.
(3)假韵(consonance)
Dash-fishhand-sendadd-read
______________________________________________
Atonceavoicearoseamong
Thebleaktwigsoverhead
Inafullheartedevensong
Ofjoyillimited.
(4)倒尾韵(ReverseRhyme)
great-grazedstudent-studiosell-send
soul-soldwell-weldpainting-patience
Aboy’swillisthewind’swill
Andthethoughtsofyoutharelonglongthoughts.
(5)类尾韵(pararhyme)
sit-satsend-soldgreat-groat
spit-spatsweet-sweat
Yourlookswereliketheraven,
Yourboniebrowwasbrent.
2尾韵(endrhyme)
尾韵又称脚韵,是指诗行与诗行之间在行末的押韵.尾韵常分为“完全韵”(perfectrhyme)和“不完全韵”(imperfectrhyme)两种.
(1)完全韵
一般来说,两个或两个以上的词在下列情况下才华被认为是押完全韵:
1)重读元音必需相同;
2)该元音后面的音素(辅音、辅音群,甚至轻读音节)必需完全相同;
3)该元音前面的辅音必需是分歧的音素.
eglie-highstay-playpark-larkfate-latefirst-burst
follow-swallow
heat-deceitrotten-forgottenwin-beginsober-October
(2)不完全韵
不完全韵也称半韵(halfrhyme):
两个或两个以上的词的重读元音相同,但元音前面和后面的辅音却不相同.这种不完全韵在某种情况下是一种腹韵在诗行末尾的体现,如fern-bird,faze-late,like-right
假韵
Aquietnessdistilled,
Astwilightlongbegun,
OrNature,spendingwithherself
Sequesteredafternoon.
类尾韵-脚韵
StrangeMeeting
ItseemedthatoutofbattleIescapedDownsomeprofounddulltunnel,longsincescoopedThroughgraniteswhichtitanicwarshadgroined.Yetalsothereencumberedsleepersgroaned,Toofastinthoughtordeathtobebestirred.Then,asIprobedthem,onesprangup,andstaredWithpiteousrecognitioninfixedeyes,Liftingdistressfulhandsasiftobless.Andbyhissmile,IknewthatsullenhallByhisdeadsmileIknewwestoodinHell.
(3)阳韵(masculinerhyme)与阴韵(femininerhyme)
从押韵的诗行是以重读音节还是非重读音节结尾,英诗的尾韵还可以分为阳韵和阴韵两类.
阳韵指互相押韵的诗行都是以重读音节的词或是单音节单词结尾,如兰斯顿·休斯的《希望》(Hope)
SometimeswhenIamlonely,
Don’tknowwhy,
KeepthinkingIwon’tbelonely
Byandby.
当押韵的诗行是以非重读音节结尾时,即为阴韵,
ThecomradeofthywanderingsoverHeaven,Asthen,whentooutstripthyskieyspeedScarceseemedavision;Iwouldne'erhavestriven
3.韵式
(1)连续韵,联韵或流韵,相邻的两行相互押韵的格式
Tiger
(2)交叉韵,隔行押韵
WITHruemyheartisladen
ForgoldenfriendsIhad,
Formanyarose-liptmaiden
Andmanyalightfootlad.
Bybrookstoobroadforleaping5
Thelightfootboysarelaid;
Therose-liptgirlsaresleeping
Infieldswhererosesfade.
(3)首尾韵
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创作时间:
二零二一年六月三十日
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