最新国际商法术语.docx
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最新国际商法术语.docx
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最新国际商法术语
国际商法术语
1.termstranslation.
AcceptancewithModifications(对邀约做出修改、变更的承诺)
Acceptance(承诺/受盘)
ActoftheParties(当事人的行为)
AdministrativeManagement(经营管理)
AlternativeDisputeResolution(ADR解决方式)
AnticipatoryBreachinCommonLaw(普通法上预期违约)
AntidumpingAuthority(反倾销机构)
ApplicabilityoftheCISG (CISG的适用范围)
ApplyingforaLetterofCredit(信用证的申请)
ApprovalofForeignInvestmentApplications(外国投资申请的批准)
ArbitrationAgreementandArbitrationClauses(仲裁协议和合同中的仲裁条款)
ArbitrationTribunals(仲裁机构)
ArtisticPropertyAgreements(保护文学艺术作品的协定)
ArtisticPropertyAgreements(文学艺术品产权协定)
Assignment(合同权利转让)
Attorney-General(法律总顾问)
AutomaticDissolution(自动散伙)
AverageClauses(海损条款)
Avoidance(解除)
BasesofIncomeTaxation(所得税的征税依据/基础)
BattleoftheForms(形式上的分歧/冲突)
BillsofLading (提单)
BranchBanking(银行的分支机构)
BusinessFormandRegisteredCapital(企业形式和注册资本)
BusinessForms(商业组织形式)
Buyer'sRemedies(买方可以采取的救济措施)
CarriageofGoodsbyAir(航空货物运输)
CarriageofGoodsbySeaandMarineCargoInsurance(海上货物运输及其保险)
Carrier'sDutiesunderaBillofLading(在提单运输方式下承运人的责任/义务)
Carrier'sImmunities(承运人责任/义务的豁免)
Charterparties(租船合同)
CharterpartiesbyDemise(光船出租合同)
China's FundamentalPoliciesforEncouragingForeignInvestments(中国大陆鼓励外国投资的基本政策)
ChoosingtheGoverningLaw(准据法的选择)
CIF(cost,insuranceandfreight)(portofdestination)(CIF成本\保险费加运费付至指定的目的港)
CivilLaw(民法法系)
CommercialArbitration(国际商事仲裁)
CommonEnterpriseLiability(企业的一般责任)
CommonLaw(普通法系)
CommonProceduresinHandlingBillsofExchange(汇票处理的一般程序)
CommonStock(股票)
CompanyTaxpayers(公司/法人企业纳税人)
ComparisonofMunicipalLegalSystems(内国法系的比较研究)
CompulsoryLicenses(强制许可)
ConformityofGoods(与合同约定相符合的货物)
ConsiderationinCommonLaw(英美法上的对价)
ContemporaryInternationalTradeLaw(当代国际贸易法)
ContractLawfortheInternationalSaleofGoods(国际货物销售合同法)
ContractLiabilityoftheAgent(代理人的合同义务)
ContractLiabilityofthePrincipal(委托人的合同义务)
ContractualIssuesExcludedfromtheCoverageofCISG(排除在CISG适用范围之外的合同问题)
Copyrights(著作权/版权)
CreationofAgency(代理创立)
CreditorsofPartners(合伙人的债权人)
Custom(习惯)
DebtSecurities(债券)
DefiniteSumofMoneyorMonetaryUnitofAccount(确定货币的总额或者计价的货币单位)
DefinitionandSpecialFeatures(定义和特征)
DelayedBillsofLading(提单迟延)
DenialofJustice(司法不公)
DirectEffect(直接效力)
DirectExporting(直接出口)
Directors'andOfficer'sDutiestotheCorporation(董事和经理/首席执行官对公司的义务)
DisputeSettlement(争端的解决)
DissolutionbyAgreement (协议解散)
DissolutionbyCourtOrder(依法院令状散伙)
DissolutionofthePartnership(散伙)
DistributionofEarningsandRecoveryofInvestments (收入分配和投资回收)
DistributiontoShareholders(红利分配权)
DoctrineofImputability(归责原则)
DocumentaryFormalities(文本格式要求)
DoubleTaxationProvision(双重征税的规定)
DoubleTaxation(双重征税)
Duress(胁迫行为)
DutiesofAgentandPrincipal(代理人和委托人的义务)
DutiesofAgenttoPrincipal(委托人的义务)
DutiesofPrincipaltoAgent(代理人、的义务)
DutyofCareinPartnershipBusiness(对合伙事务尽心看护义务)
DutyofLoyaltyandGoodFaith(忠诚和诚信义务)
EffectivenessofanOffer(邀约/发盘的效力)
EnforcementofForeignArbitralAwardsinthePeople'sRepublicofChina(在中华人民共和国境内外国仲裁裁决的执行)
EnforcementofForeignJudgment(外国法院判决的执行)
EnforcementofPartnershipRightsandLiabilities(执行合伙事务的权利和责任)
EscapeClause(免责条款)
EuropeanUnionLawonTradeinServices(欧洲联盟关于服务贸易的法律)
ExceptiononAdimpletiContractusinCivilLaw(大陆法上履行契约之抗辩权)
Exceptions(例外)
ExclusiveLicenses(独占许可)
ExcusesforNon-performance(不履行的免责)
ExcusesforNonperformance(不履行合同的抗辩/借口)
ExportRestrictions(出口限制)
Exporting(出口)
Expropriation(征收)
FailuretoExhaustremedies(没有用尽法律救济)
FaultandCausation(过错和因果关系)
FinanceofInternationalTrade(国际贸易的结算/支付)
FOB(freeonhoard)(portofshipment)(FOB装运港船上交货)
ForceMajeureClauses(不可抗力条款)
ForeignInvestmentGuarantees(外国投资的担保)
ForeignInvestmentLawsandCodes(外国投资法)
FormalandInformalApplicationProcess(正式和非正式申请程序)
FormationoftheContract(合同的成立)
ForsedEndorsements(虚假背书)
FraudExceptioninLettersofCreditTransaction(信用证交易的欺诈例外)
FraudsonBillsofLading(提单欺诈)
FraudulentMisrepresentation(受欺诈的误解)
FreeZones(保税区/自由贸易区)
FundamentalBreach(根本违约)
GeneralAgreementonTradeinServices(服务贸易总协定)
GeneralRequirementsandRightsoftheHolderinDueCourse(票据持有人的一般要求和权利)
GeneralStandardsofPerformance(履行的一般标准)
GeographicLimitations(地区限制)
GovernmentControlsoverTrade(政府对贸易的管制)
GovernmentGuarantees(政府担保)
GovernmentalInterest(政府利益原则)
HomestateRegulationofMultinationalEnterprises(本国对跨国企业的管理)
HostStateRegulationofMultinationalEnterprises(东道国对跨国企业的管理)
IllegalityandIncompetency(行为不合法性与主体不适当资格的认定)
IndustrialPropertyAgreements(保护工业产权的协定)
Inquiry(调查)
InsiderTradingRegulations(内幕交易规则)
InsuranceCover(保险范围)
IntegrationofCompanyandPersonalIncomeTaxes(公司和个人所得税的征收)
IntellectualPropertyRightLaw(知识产权法)
InternationalCenterfortheSettlementofInvestmentDisputes(解决投资争端国际中心)
InternationalCommercialDisputeSettlement(国际商事争端的解决)
InternationalCourtofJustice(海牙联合国国际法院)
InternationalFranchising(国际特许经营权)
InternationalModelLaw(国际示范法)
InternationalOrganizations(国际组织)
InternationalPersons(国际法主体)
InternationalRulesfortheInterpretationofTradeTerms(国际贸易术语解释通则)
InternationalTradeCustomsandUsages(国际贸易惯例和习惯)
InternationalTreatiesandConventions(国际条约和公约)
InternationalTribunals(国际法庭)
InterpretingoftheCISG(CISG的解释)
InvitationOffer(要约邀请/要约引诱/询盘)
InvoluntaryDissolution(非自愿解散)
IssuanceofSecurities(证券发行)
JurisdictionandVenue(管辖权和法院地)
JurisdictioninCivilCases(民事案件的管辖权)
JurisdictioninCriminalCases(刑事案件的管辖权)
Know-how(技术秘密/专有技术)
LackofGenuineLink(缺乏真实的联系)
LackofNationality(无国籍)
LawApplicabletoLettersofCredit(调整信用证的法律)
LawofForeignInvestmentEnterprisesofChina(中国的外商投资企业法)
LawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonChineseForeignContractualJointVentures(中华人民共和国中外合作企业法)
LawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonChineseForeignEquityJointVentures (中华人民共和国中外合资企业法)
LawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonForeignCapitalEnterprises(中华人民共和国外资企业法)
LegalCharacteristics(定义和法律特征)
LegalStructureoftheWTO(世界贸易组织的法律框架)
LegalSystemofInternationalBusiness(国际商事的法律体系)
LettersofCredit(L/C)(信用证)
LiabilitiesofMakers,Drawers,Drawees,EndorsersandAccommodationParties(票据制作人、出票人、付款人、背书人、代发人/担保人的责任)
LiabilityforEnvironmentalDamage(环境损害责任)
LiabilityLimits(承运人责任/义务的限制)
LicensingRegulations(许可证制度)
LimitationsonForeignEquity(外国投资的资金比例限制)
LimitationsontheExcusesThatDrawersandMakersCanUsetoAvoidPayingOffaBillorNote 661(票据制作人、出票人拒绝付款借口的限制)
LiquidatedDamages(约定的损害赔偿金)
Liquidation(清算)
MaritimeLiens(留置权)
MeansofDelivery(根据交付方式)
Mediation(调停/调解)
Membership(成员)
MethodsofInvestmentContribution(出资方式)
Mini-trial(模拟审判方式)
Misrepresentation(误解)
MostSignificantRelationship(最密切联系原则)
Most-favored-nationTreatment(最惠国待遇原则)
MultilateralTradeAgreements(多边贸易协定)
MultilateralTradeNegotiations(多边贸易谈判)
MultinationalEnterprise(跨国企业)
MunicipalLegalSystems(内国法系)
2.termsexplanation.
(1)Precedent(判例)
Apriorjudicialdecisionreliedonasauthorityorguideforresolvinglater,similarcases.
(2)Limitedliabilitycompany(有限责任公司)
Alimitedliabilitycompanyisacompanyformedforthepurposeofconductingabusinessforprofitbynatureorlegalpersonswhoshallmakeacapitalcontributionandwhoshallbeliableforthedebtsorobligationsofthecompanytotheextentoftheirrespectivecapitalcontributions.
(3)Generalpartnership(普通合伙)
Ageneralpartnershipenterprisemaybeformedbygeneralpartners.Thepartnersshallbearunlimitedjointandseveralliabilitiesforthedebtsofthepartnershipenterprise.
(4)Limitedpartnership(有限合伙)
Alimitedpartnershipisaformofpartnershipsimilartoageneralpartnership,exceptforoneormoregeneralpartners,thereareoneormorelimitedpartners.Thegeneralpartnersare,inallmajorrespects,theyhavemanagementcontrol,sharetherighttousepartnershipproperty,sharetheprofitsofthefirminpredefinedproportions,andhavejointseveralliabilitiesforthedebtsofthepartnership.Butthelimitedpartner(s)cannotparticipateinthemanagementandcontrolofthepartnership’sbusiness.
(5)Offer(要约)
Aproposalforconcludingacontractconstitutesanofferifitissufficientlydefiniteandindicatestheintentionoftheofferortobeboundincaseofacceptance.
(6)Acceptance(承诺)
Astatementmadebyorotherconductoftheoffereeindicatingassenttoanofferisanacceptance.
(7)Contract(合同)
Acontractmeansanagreementontheestablishment,alterationorterminationofacivilright-obligationrelationshipbetweennaturalpersons,legalpersonorotherorganizationassubjectswithequalstatus.
(8)Agency(代理)
Alegalrelationshipwherebyoneperson(theagent)representsanother(theprincipal)andisauthorizedtoactforhim/her.
(9)Principal(本人)
Thepersonforwhomanagentactsandfromwhomtheagentderivesauthority;thepersonwho,byagreementorotherwise,authorizesanagenttoactonhisorherbehalfinsuchawaythattheactsoftheagentbecomebindingontheprincipal.
(10)Productliability(产品责任)
Productliabilitymeansthatbusinessesmakingorsellingproductsareresponsibleforensuringthatthoseproductsaresafeanddonotposeahazardtothepublic.
(11)Arbitration(仲裁)
Anout-of-courtprocedureinwhichadisputeispresentedtooneormorepersons(arbitrators),whosedecisionisbindingontheparties.
(12)ArbitrationAgreement(仲裁协议)
Acontracttoreferapresentorfuturelegaldisputetoarbitration.Suchagreementsareoftwokinds:
thosereferringanexistingdisputetoarbitrationandthoserelatingtodisputesthatmayariseinthefuture.
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