英语专业毕业论文文学方向.docx
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英语专业毕业论文文学方向.docx
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英语专业毕业论文文学方向
OntheCausesoftheFormationofPip’sPersonalityinGreatExpectations
by
ThesisAdvisor:
Ms.
SubmittedtotheB.A.CommitteeinpartialfulfillmentoftherequirementsoftheDegreeofBachelorofArtsintheEnglishDepartmentofSchoolofForeignLanguagesof
20May2010
本科生毕业论文
题目:
论《远大前程》中皮普性格的成因
学生姓名:
指导教师:
二级学院:
外国语学院
系别:
英语系
专业:
英语
年级:
学号:
完成日期:
2010年5月20日
Title:
OntheCausesoftheFormationofPip’sPersonalityinGreatExpectations
Abstract:
ThisthesisanalyzesthedevelopmentofPip’spersonalityfromaninnocentandacaringboyintoanunrealisticboy,thenbeinganarrogantgentlemanandfinallygaininghisgoodnatureinGreatExpectations.Furthermore,thisthesisalsodiscussesthatlifeenvironmenthasdeterminanteffectsonindividualpersonalityfromthenaturalenvironment,family’senvironmentandsocialenvironment,anditillustratestheideathatlifeenvironmenthasdeterminanteffectsonindividualpersonality.
Keywords:
personality;lifeenvironments;effects
题目:
论《远大前程》中皮普性格的成因
摘要:
本文分析了《远大前程》中主人公皮普的性格发展变化轨迹,即从一个天真,充满爱心的孩子转变成为一个充满幻想,不切实际的孩子,之后成为一名高傲势力的绅士,最后又恢复了自己的善良本性。
同时,本文又从自然环境,家庭环境和社会环境三方面论述了生活环境对其性格发展所起的决定性影响,并阐述了一个观点,即生活环境对个人的性格形成起着决定性作用。
关键词:
性格;生活环境;影响
Contents
I.Introduction…………………………………………………………………......1
II.AnalysisoftheDevelopmentofPip’sPersonality……………………………..3
A.Inhischildhood……………………………………………………………..3
B.AfterhismeetingofMissHavishamandEstella…………………………...3
C.Afterhisknowingofthegreatexpectations………………………………...4
D.Afterhisknowingoftherealbenefactor…………………………………….4
III.AnalysisoftheEffectsofNaturalandFamily’sEnvironments……………….6
A.Theeffectsofnaturalenvironment………………………………………….6
B.Theeffectsoffamily’senvironment………………………………………..6
IV.AnalysisoftheEffectsoftheSocialEnvironments…………………………..8
A.Theeffectsofbourgeoisie…………………………………………………..8
B.Theeffectsofeducation…………………………………………………….9
C.Theeffectsofsocialreality………………………………………………...10
D.Theeffectsofmoralitystandard……………………………………….......11
V.Conclusions…………………………………………………………………...14
WorksCited………………………………………………………………………15
Acknowledgements
MysinceregratitudefirstgoestoMs.,mysupervisor,forherconstructivesuggestions,valuableideas,greatpatienceandencouragement.Withoutherhelp,thecompletionofthisthesiswouldhavebeenimpossible.
IowegreatgratitudetoalltheteachersintheEnglishDepartment.Theirlecturesandinstructionshavebeenofgreathelptomystudy.
Iwouldalsoliketoexpressmythankstomyfriendsfortheirconstantconcern,generoushelp,andmeaningfulcommentsonthestudy.
Finally,ImustsayIowegratitudetomyparents.Theirloveandencouragementhavesupportedmetoovercomedifficultiesandachievethefinalsuccess.
I.Introduction
CharlesDickens,thegreatestrepresentativeoftheEnglishcriticalrealism,isbornin1812atPortsmouth.Hehasacasualeducationandspendsmuchtimealonereadingallkindsofbooksinhislittleroom.Inallofhisbooks,Dickensshowshisgreatconcerntowardthesocietyhelivesin.Hehasthecouragetochangeiteventhoughhewrites:
“Ilosebeliefinthepossibilityoftheprogress,orevenofthelongexistence,ofanEmpire,withsuchamightycrimeanddangeratitshearty”(Dickens193-94).InGreatExpectations,heusessatiretocontrastthegreedandhypocrisyoftheupper-classwiththehonestyandgood-heartednessoftheobscure“simplepeople”ofthelower-class,andexposesthecruelsideofthebourgeoissociety.Throughanalyzingofthemaincharacterofthenovel,Dickensexpressesgoodandbadhumannatureandhishatredtothegreedcapitalistsociety.
“GreatExpectationsfirstappearedin‘AlltheYearRound’in1861,andthencameoutinbookformin1862.ItfocusesonthelifeexperiencesofPip,apoorvillageboyfromhisearlychildhood,throughyoungmanhood”(赵红英,292).TheheroPipliveswithhissisterandbrother-in-law,Joe,inasmalltownnearLondon.Hissisterresentshimandcontinuallyremindsthatheisaburden,whileJoeiskindtohim.WhenPipisachild,heisaskedtoaccompanyMissHavishamwhoisaricholdlady.TherehemeetsMissHavisham’sadopteddaughterEstellaandfallsinlovewithher.Butthegirlisveryproudandcoldtohim,anditseemstobeimpossibleforhimtogetmarriedtoherbecauseofhislowclass.Thus,Pipwantstobeagentleman.Suddenly,ananonymousbenefactorarrangeshimtoreceiveeducationinLondon,makinghimagentleman.Atthebeginning,PipthinksMissHavishamishisbenefactor,butfinallyheknowshisrealbenefactoristheescapedconvictcalledMagwitchwhomPipaidsinhischildhood.InordertorepayPip,MagwitchsecretlybestowsPipwithlargesumsofmoney.BecauseMagwitchwantstoseePip,hecomesbackstealthilyLondon.UnfortunatelyMagwitchiscaughtbythepolicemenatlast,andPip’sgreatexpectationsfadesaway.Withhisgreatexpectationsdisappearing,Pipmendshiswayoflifeandrecovershisgoodnature.
ThisthesismainlyanalyzesthecausesoftheformationofPip’spersonality,anddividesthecausesintonaturalenvironment,family’senvironmentandsocialenvironment.InGreatExpectations,DickensdescribesthenaturalenvironmentaroundtheheroPip.Livinginthepurenaturalenvironment,Pipisverysimpleandinnocent.AccordingtothenaturalviewsofWordsworthandRousseau,itcanconcludenaturalenvironmenthaseffectsonPip’spersonality.Theythinkthatnaturalenvironmentisthesourceofman’sgoodnature.Wordsworththinks:
“Thenaturalworldisthedominantinfluenceinchangingpeople’ssensibilities—natureisasourceofmentalcleanlinessandspiritualunderstanding”(qtd.inLiu19);Rousseauthinks:
“Returningtonaturalenvironmentisahumanhealthysurvivalnecessity”(qtd.inLiu22).Ontheotherhand,DickensalsopresentssocialenvironmentaroundPip.WhenPipstartstotouchwithallkindsofsocialenvironments,hispersonalitybecomescomplexandhasnolongerwhatheusedtobe.AccordingtothesocialviewofLeiPing,itconcludesthatthesocialenvironmentinfluencesPip’spersonality,makingPip’spersonalitycomplex.LeiPingthinks:
Theobjectiveexternalcircumstancesthatweliveinareafactorgreaterthaninheritanceinthedevelopmentofourcharacters.Thedevelopmentofourcharactersliesinourphysiologyaswellastheobjectiveexternalcircumstances,includingnaturalcircumstancesandsocialcircumstances.Itisthesocialcircumstancesthathavetheevengreaterinfluenceonourcharacters.
(1)
Throughtheirviews,wecanseethatbothofnaturalenvironmentandsocialenvironmenthaveeffectsonone’spersonality.Thus,wecanconcludethatlifeenvironmenthasdeterminanteffectsonindividualpersonality.
II.AnalysisoftheDevelopmentofPip’sPersonality
ThispartmainlyanalyzesthedevelopmentofPip’spersonalityfromfourperiods.Inordertomaketheanalysisclear,itisnecessarytostatethemainplotsofthenovel.
A. Inhischildhood
InPip’schildhood,heisaninnocentandacaringboy.
TheopeningofGreatExpectationspresentsPip’sinnocencebyhisfanciesforhisfamily’stombstones:
“Theshapeofthelettersonmyfather’sgavemeandoddideathathewasasquare,stout,darkman,withcurlyblackhair.Fromthecharacterandturnoftheinscription,‘AlsoGeorgianaWifeoftheabove,’Idrewachildishconclusionthatmymotherfreckledandsickly”(Dickens3).ThereisalsotheotherexampletoexpressPip’sinnocence.OntheChristmasdinner,PipwantstopullMr.Wopsele’snoseinspiteofsufferinghissister’srecital,andhesaystohimself:
“Anyhow,Mr.Wopsle’sRomannosesoaggravatedmeduringtherecitalofmymisdemeanours,thatIshouldhavelikedtopullituntilhehowled”(Dickens24).Throughhisideas,itshowsheisimmatureandinnocent.
Otherwise,PipisalsoacaringboybecausehehelpsanescapedconvictnamedMagwitch.WhenPipwandersinthechurchyard,hemeetsanescapedconvictnamedMagwitch,whoisaveryfearfulman,“allincoarsegray,withagreatironhisleg”(Dickens4).WhenheseesPip,hecriesaterriblevoice:
“Holdyournoise!
Keepstill,youlittledevil,orI’llcutyourthroat”(Dickens3).Pippleadsinterror:
“Oh!
Don’tcutmythroat,sir.Praydon’tdoit,sir”(Dickens4).Fromhislanguage,wecanseethatheissofrightened.Despitehisfear,theinnocentboystillstealsafileandfoodfromhomeforhim.Infact,torunawayandseekforhelpiseasierthantostealafileandfood.However,PipstilldecidestohelpMagwitchfinally.
B.AfterhismeetingofMissHavishanandEstella
BeforehismeetingofMissHavishamandEstella,heismuchsatisfiedwithhislifeandonlyexpectstobethevillageblacksmithasJoe.However,whenheisintroducedtoMissHavishamandEstella,histhinkingbeginstochange.
PipistakentoplayatthehouseofMissHavisham.InthehouseofMissHavisham,hemeetsabeautifulgirl,EstellawhoisMissHavisham’sadopteddaughter.Pipinstantlyfallsinlovewithher.ButwhenheisassignedtoplaycardswithEstella,sheshowsprideandsays:
“Why,heisacommonlaboring-boy”(Dickens50).Beforetheirfirstgameisout,shecrieswithindignity:
“Whatcoarsehandshehas.Andwhatthickboots”(Dickens51).EstellaiscontemptuousofPipandmakeshimdissatisfiedwithhimselfandtheprospectofafutureblacksmith’sapprenticeshipwithJoe(Liu40).Pipbeginstodissatisfywithhishandsandhisboots.Heneverfeelsshamedofhishandsbefore,butnowhebeginstoconsiderthemratherabadpairandthinkshisbootsarealsoverythick.Atthemostimportant,“Pip’spassionforEstellaisovertlyforbiddenandfrustratedbecauseEstellais
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