节日起源英汉文化比较必备.docx
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节日起源英汉文化比较必备.docx
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节日起源英汉文化比较必备
本文介绍下圣诞节(Christmas)的起源。
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Christmas
December25
ThehistoryofChristmasdatesbackover4000years.ManyofourChristmastraditionswerecelebratedcenturiesbeforetheChristchildwasborn.The12daysofChristmas,thebrightfires,theyulelog,thegivingofgifts,carnivals(parades)withfloats,carolerswhosingwhilegoingfromhousetohouse,theholidayfeasts,andthechurchprocessionscanallbetracedbacktotheearlyMesopotamians.
ManyofthesetraditionsbeganwiththeMesopotamian(美索不达米亚)celebrationofNewYears.TheMesopotamiansbelievedinmanygods,andastheirchiefgod-Marduk(马杜克,古代巴比伦人的主神,原为巴比伦的太阳神).EachyearaswinterarriveditwasbelievedthatMardukwoulddobattlewiththemonstersofchaos.ToassistMardukinhisstruggletheMesopotamiansheldafestivalfortheNewYear.ThiswasZagmuk,theNewYear'sfestivalthatlastedfor12days.
TheMesopotamiankingwouldreturntothetempleofMardukandswearhisfaithfulnesstothegod.ThetraditionscalledforthekingtodieattheendoftheyearandtoreturnwithMarduktobattleathisside.
Tosparetheirking,theMesopotamiansusedtheideaofa"mock"king.Acriminalwaschosenanddressedinroyalclothes.Hewasgivenalltherespectandprivilegesofarealking.Attheendofthecelebrationthe"mock"kingwasstrippedoftheroyalclothesandslain,sparingthelifeoftherealking.
TheRoman'scelebratedtheirgodSaturn.TheirfestivalwascalledSaturnaliawhichbeganthemiddleofDecemberandendedJanuary1st.Withcriesof"JoSaturnalia!
"thecelebrationwouldincludemasquerades(化妆舞会)inthestreets,bigfestivemeals,visitingfriendsandtheexchangeofgood-luckgiftscalledStrenae(luckyfruits).
"JoSaturnalia!
"wasafunandfestivetimefortheRomans,buttheChristiansthoughitanabomination(深恶痛绝)tohonorthepagan(异教)god.TheearlyChristianswantedtokeepthebirthdayoftheirChristchildasolemnandreligiousholiday,notoneofcheerandmerrimentaswasthepaganSaturnalia.
ButasChristianityspreadtheywerealarmedbythecontinuingcelebrationofpagancustomsandSaturnaliaamongtheirconverts.AtfirsttheChurchforbidthiskindofcelebration.Butitwastonoavail(徒劳).EventuallyitwasdecidedthatthecelebrationwouldbetamedandmadeintoacelebrationfitfortheChristianSonofGod.
SomelegendsclaimthattheChristian"Christmas"celebrationwasinventedtocompeteagainstthepagancelebrationsofDecember.The25thwasnotonlysacredtotheRomansbutalsothePersianswhosereligionMithraism(密特拉教,奉祀密特拉神的宗教,纪元后最初3世纪内传至罗马帝国)wasoneofChristianity'smainrivalsatthattime.TheChurcheventuallywassuccessfulintakingthemerriment,lights,andgiftsfromtheSaturaniliafestivalandbringingthemtothecelebrationofChristmas.
感恩节的来历和起源
2007年11月22日 所属:
节日 来源:
英语点津 作者:
陈蓓编辑
每逢11月第四个星期四,美国人迎来了自己最重要的传统节日感恩节。
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TheStoryofAmericanThanksgiving
(ContributedbyBingWei,GrannyBetty'sStoryTime)
每逢11月第四个星期四,美国人迎来了自己最重要的传统节日感恩节。
感恩节,原是清教徒为感谢上天赐与的好收成,同时,也表达了新英格兰“移民”对印第安土著居民最初的谢意。
如今,这一传统节日更多意味着合家团聚。
下文以历史为脉络,探究了感恩节的渊源,并把目光锁定在1621年翔实的感恩“盛宴”上。
ThanksgivingDayisanAmericanholidayandnotcelebratedincontinentalEurope.OnthefourthThursdayofeachNovember,familiesandfriendsgathertogetherfortheoccasiontocelebratewithatraditionalturkeydinner,usuallyinthemid-afternoon.Thanksgivingoriginatedasacelebrationoftheyear'sharvestandissimilartotheMid-AutumnFestivalinChina.
TheoriginoftheThanksgivingDay
感恩节的来历
ThisAmericantraditionstartedin1621beforetheUnitedStatesofAmericawasestablished.Itwasahugecelebrationforahard-earnedharvestthefirstyearafterarrivingintheNewWorld.
OnSeptember6,1620,theMayflowershipsetsailfromPlymouth,Devon,England,takingalltheEnglishPilgrims(清教徒)totheNewWorld.TheEnglishPilgrimsnumberedaboutahundredpeople,andleftEnglandtoescapereligiouspersecution.TheirvoyagetotheNewWorldwasfinancedbyMerchantAdventurers,anEnglishinvestorgroup.
ThePilgrimssailedsixty-sixdays,arrivedintheNewWorldinNovemberofthesameyear.TheyfirstsettledinacornfieldabandonedbyNativeIndiansandnameditPlymouthPlantation.
TheyworkedonthelandwithmuchdifficultyandwerebesetbyadevastatingplagueinwhichhalfofthePilgrimdiedinthelongwinterof1620.Inthespringof1621,anIndianbravenamedSquantoandherWampanoag(瓦帕浓人,北美印第安人阿尔琴族一部落)tribecametotheirhelp.ThetribetaughtthePilgrimshowtoworktheearthandplantcorn,beans,pumpkins,squashandothercrops.
TheThanksgivingfeastin1621
InlateSeptember1621,thePilgrimswerepleasedwiththeirgreatharvest.Tocelebratetheirfirstharvest,thePilgrimswantedtothankGodandtheNativeIndian.TheyinvitedSquantoandtheentireWampanoagtribethatcelebratetogetherinasharedfeast.
ItwassaidaboutninetyWampanoagturnedup,muchtothesurpriseofthePilgrims,whosepopulationhadshrunktonomorethan50.Thechiefofthetribehadhismenhuntfivedeertobringtothefeast.ThefirstThanksgivingdinnerhadanelaboratemenuwithvenison,wildturkey,goose,duck,crane,swan,andotherwaterfowl;theyalsohaslocalseafood:
clams,lobsters,mussels,salmon,cod,bass,herring,shad,bluefish,lotsofeelandoysters.Theyalsocookedplentyofvegetables,amongthemsquash,pumpkinsandbeanswerethemostpopular.
Theyateraspberries,strawberries,grapes,plums,cherries,blueberries,walnuts,chestnuts,acorns,hickoryandgroundnuts,wheatflour,Indiancornandcornmealandtheymadebeeroutofbarley.Thepumpkinpuddingwaslaterdevelopedintothetraditionalpumpkinpie.
ThefirstThanksgivingdinnerissaidtohavelastedfromthreedaystooneweekwithmuchfood,beerandliquor.ThePilgrimsandtheNativeIndiansattogetherontheground,sharedfoodwithfingersorusedroughplatesmadeofwoodorstalebread.Theyranraces,playedold
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Englishgamesandstagedparadesduringthefestive,withmarches,drumsandfiringoftheirmuskets.
"Thanksgiving"relatedtotheBible
Thephrase"thanksgiving"initiallycomesfromtheBible.ThePilgrimsofPlymouth,however,weremainlyPuritansandstrictCalvinistProtestants.TheyonlyobservedthreereligiousholidaysfromtheNewTestament:
SundaySabbath,DaysofFastingandhumiliationandThanksgiving.Thanksgivingmarkedfavourable("mercies")incommunitylife.
ThefirstThanksgivingfestivalwasindeedatimeofhappiness,fellowshipandrejoicingforthePilgrims.TheyarrangedafriendlytreatywiththeNativeAmericanIndians,builthousesinthewilderness,andraisedsufficientcropstofeedthemselvesfortheupcominglongwinter.ThePilgrimshadbecomethefirstgenerationofsettlersinthisnewlandholdingsomuchpromise.
Fromthenon,ThanksgivingbecameaholidayforcelebratingtheharvestintheNewWorld,datesvariedfromOctobertoNovembereachyearoverthenext150years.
Thanksgiving,theNationalholiday
ThefirstNationalThanksgivingwasdeclaredbytheContinentalCongressin1777.OnOctober3,1789,PresidentGeorgeWashingtondeclaredthatthepeopleoftheUnitedStatesshouldobserve"adayofpublicthanksgivingandprayer"onThursday,26November.
ManysaythecreditfortheestablishmentofanannualThanksgivingholidayshouldbegiventoSarahJosephaHale.BeingtheeditorofLadiesMagazineandGodey'sLady'sBook,shelobbiedtothegovernors,senators,andpresidentsforanationalholidayandpublishedstoriesandrecipesforthatdayinhermagazine.After36yearsofcrusading,shewonherbattle.In1863,buoyedbytheUnionvictoryatGettysburg,PresidentLincolnproclaimedthatNovember26,wouldbeanationalThanksgivingDay,tobeobservedeveryyearonthefourthThursdayofNovember.
In1941,aCongressionalJointResolutionsetthefourthThursdayofNovemberasanationalholidayforThanksgiving.
Thereyouare-thebriefhistoryofThanksgiving-adayinAmericaforfamiliesandfriendstogathertogether.ThefestivalisalsocelebratedbyAmericanslivingabroad.ThankstotheNativeAmericansandthePilgrimswhocreatedthisideaofadayofThanksgivingallthoseliveintheNewWorldcanbethankfulforallwehaveandsharethejoywithourfamilymembersandfriends.
七夕节,中国的情人节英文简介。
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TheseventhdayoftheseventhmonthofthelunarcalendarisknownasQiXiJieor七夕节,atraditionalholidaythathasbeenrecentlycalledChina'sValentine'sDay.
The2,000-plus-year-oldholidaymarksthestar-crossedlovebetweenacowherderNiulangandZhinu,aweaverofcloudsandthedaughteroftheJadeEmperorwhoistheDaoistrulerofheaven.
Thestorygoesthatthetwofellinloveandgotmarried,buttheirbondwasmetwithdisapprovalbyWangmu,Zhinu'smotherandthequeenofheaven.NiulangisviewedasthestarAltairandZhinuasthestarVega.Withaswiftmoveofherhairpin,sheseparatedthetwowithariverinthesky,knowntodayastheMilkyWay.
Butthequeentookpityonthemandgavethemonenightoftheyeartospendtogether.OnQiXiJie,thequeenissaidtosendmagpiestobridgethecelestialgapbetweenthetwostarlovers.
RootedinAstronomy:
ThetaleseemstobeaninterpretationoftheprominenceofthetwostarsAltairandVega,whichtogetherwithDeneb,makeuptheWesternconstellation,TheSummerTriangle,whichishighlyvisibleinthesummerinthenorthernhemisphere.
InaninterviewwithXinhua,BeijingNormalUniversityfolkloreprofessorXiaoFangsaidthattherejuvenationoftheholidayinChinaisduetotwophenomenons.
"First,itisanaturalresponsetothechallengesofWesternfestivals,suchastheV
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