全国职称英语等级考试全真题理工类.docx
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全国职称英语等级考试全真题理工类.docx
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全国职称英语等级考试全真题理工类
全国职称英语等级考试全真题(理工类)
第一部分阅读理解(75分)
Passage1
CATVisashortwayofsaying"communityantenna(天线)television."But"cabletelevision"isthetermmostpeopleuse.CabletelevisionallowsviewerstoreceiveTVprogramsthattheycannotpickupwiththeirregularantennas.
Televisionsignalsdonotfollowthecurve(曲线)oftheearth.Theytravelinstraightlinesinalldirections.SignalsfromaTVstationmovetowardthehorizon(水平线)andthengointospace.Ifyouliveonlyafewmilesfromastation,youmaynotgetanypictureatall.
CATVbeganin1948.PeopleinplacesfarfromTVstationssharedthecostofputtinguphighantennas.Acommunityantennawasusuallyplacedonahill,amountain,oronahightower.TheantennapickedupTVsignalsandfedthemintoasmalllocalstation.Fromthestation,thickwirescalledcablesranouttonearbyhomes.Eachpersonusingthecablepaidamonthlycharge.
CATVworkedwell,andsoonnewuseswerefoundforit.Localstationscouldfeedprogramsintoemptychannelsthatwerenotinuse.Peoplealongthecablecouldhavelocalnews,weatherreports,andfarmandschoolnewsatnoextracharge.
Today,cabletelevisionhasmovedintocities.Itbringsinextraprogramsthatcityviewerswithregularantennascannotsee.Itisalsousedinmanyclassroomsthroughoutthecountry.
1.Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthat________.
A.mostpeopleusecabletelevision
B."communityantenna"isanothernamefor"regularantenna"
C.acommunityantennaisusedforcabletelevision
D.regularantennascannotpickupTVsignalsprograms
2.Ofthefollowing,whichisNOTthewayTVsignalstravel?
A.Inacurve.
B.Inastraightline.
C.Inalldirection.
D.Towardthehorizon.
3.CableTVisbecomingmoreandpopularbecause_____________.
A.itisfreeofcharge
B.itcanprovidemoreprograms
C.itprovidesallTVusersgoodpictures
D.TVsetswithregularantennascanalsohaveagoodreceptionthroughCATV
4.Onthewhole,thispassageisabout________.
A.howtoputuphighantennas
B.awayofpickingupbetterTVprograms
C.howtousetheemptychannelsonyourTVset
D.thewaythatTVsignalsaresent
5.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat__________.
A.TVhasbeguntobeusedforeducationalpurposes
B.thereisnochargeforCATV
C.cableTVcannotbeusedinmountainousareas
D.antennasforcableTVareusuallyputupinthecenterofacommunity
Passage2
Inearliesttimes,menconsideredlightningtobeoneofthegreatmysteriesofnature.Someancientpeoplebelievedthatlightningandthunderweretheweaponsofthegods.
Inreality,lightningisaflowofelectricityformedhighabovetheearth.Asingleflashoflightning1.6kilometerslonghasenoughelectricitytolightonemillionlightbulbs.
TheAmericanscientistandstatesman,BenjaminFranklin,wasthefirsttoshowtheconnectionbetweenelectricityandlightningin1752.Inthesameyearhealsobuiltthefirstlightningrod.Thisdeviceprotectsbuildingsfromdamagebylightning.
Modernsciencehasdiscoveredthatonestrokeoflightingcontainsmorethan15millionvolts.Asparkbetweenacloudandtheearthmaybeaslongas13kilometers,andtravelataspeedof30millionmeterspersecond.
Scientistsestimatethatthereareabout2000millionflashesoflightningperyear.LightninghitstheEmpireStateBuildinginNewYorkCity30to48timesayear.IntheUnitedStatesalongitkillsanaverageofonepersoneveryday.
Thesafestplacetobeincaseofanelectricalstormisinaclosedcar.Outside,oneshouldgotolowgroundandnotgetundertrees.Also,oneshouldstayoutofwaterandawayfrommetalfences.Insideahouse,peopleshouldavoidopendoorwaysandwindowsandnottouchwiresormetalthings.
Withlightning,itisbettertobesafethansorry!
6.Lightningisreally__________.
A.weapon
B.electricity
C.light
D.mystery
7.Peopleoncethoughthatlightningcamefrom__________.
A.scientists
B.ground
C.lightningrod
D.gods
8.Oneflashoflightningcanproduceenoughelectricityfor______bulbs.
A.10,000
B.1,000
C.1,000,000
D.100
9.BenjaminFranklin___________.
A.madethefirstlightningrod
B.inventedelectricity
C.builttheEmpireStateBuilding
D.preventedLightningfromhittingcars
10._________isthebestplacetobeduringanelectricalstorm.
A.Swimmingpool
B.ahighground
C.Underatree
D.Acar
Passage3
Becauseoftheenergycrisis,scientistsintheoil-consumingnationshavebecomeincreasinglyinterestedinthepotential(潜在的)ofsolarenergy.Someexpertsestimatethatthepresentsupplyoffossil(化石)fuelwillnotlastuntiltheendofthetwentiethcentury.Theproblemthatsolarenergyresearchersfaceishowtoharness(利用)thesun'senergyeffectivelyandinexpensively.Oneofthemostpopularmethodscurrentlybeingtestedusesrooftopsolarcollectorsandundergroundstoragetanks.Anadvantageofaproperlyworkingsystemofthistypeisthatitwillnotcreateanyenvironmentalpollution.Anotheradvantageofusingsolarenergyisthatthecostofthefuel-thesun'srays-iszero.Whenasolarheatingsystemisworkingatmaximum(最大的)efficiency,itcanprovideupto80percentofwinterheatingneeds.
11.Themaintopicofthispassageis__________.
A.theshortageoffossilfuel
B.theproblemsthatenergyresearchersface
C.anenvironmentalpollutionproblem
D.aninexpensiveenergysource
12.Onepopularsolarheatingsystemmakesuseof__________.
A.roofcollectorsandundergroundstorage
B.fossilfuelconversion
C.undergroundoiltanks
D.watercollectionandevaporation
13.Thecostofusingthesun'sraysforheatingis___________.
A.aboutthesameasthecostoffossilfuels
B.severalhundreddollarsperyear
C.negligiblecomparedwithotherenergysources
D.determinedbytheseverityofthewinter
14.Whichofthefollowingdescribesanadvantageofusingsolarenergy?
A.Thereislittleornoenvironmentalpollution.
B.Alargepercentageoffuelcostscanbesaved.
C.Fossilfuelswillbecomemoreplentiful.
D.Theoil-consumingnationswillnothavetoimportoil.
15.Accordingtosomeexperts,thesupplyoffossilfuelwillnotlast_______.
A.onemorecentury
B.anindeterminabletime
C.untiltheendofthiscentury
D.indefinitely
第二部分完成句子(25分)
根据短文内容完成句子,每个空格只能填一个单词。
有的单词第一个字母已经给出,请将其余字母补全。
Notlongago,anairplanewasflyingoverNewZealand.Therewasatelevisioncameracrewonboard.Suddenly,outinthenightsky,abrightsphere(球体)cameintoview.Everyoneonboardsawitandeveryonethough,"UFO"-UnidentifiedFlyingObject.Thecameracrewwentintoactionandstartedfilming.Thatweekpeopleallovertheworldsawthefilmofthismysteriouslightontheirtelevisionscreens.Whatwasit?
Wasitaspaceshipfullofvisitorsfromanotherplanet?
Thecaptainoftheaeroplaneandthefilmcrewbelieveditwas.Otherobservershadmanydifferentexplanations.SomesaiditwasVenus(金星).Otherssaiditwasjustatrickoflight.
Anairtrafficcontrolleralsosawitonhisradarscreen.Hethoughtthataflockofbirdswascausingdotsonhisradarscreenwhenthe"UFO"appeared.
MostastronomersnowbelievethatwhatthesepeoplesawwasalmostcertainlytheplanetVenus.Atthattimeofyearitisverybrightandeasytosee.Andfromamovingaeroplaneitcanappeartobemovingfast.SofarthereisnoproofthatUFOsorspaceshipsfromotherplanetsdoexist.TheseyearsinvestigatorsofUFOshaveinvestigatedthousandsofsighting-oroccasionswhenpeoplesaidtheysawaUFO.Ninetypercentoftheseturnedouttohaveasimpleexplanation.
However,it'sgoodideatokeepanopenmind.ScientistsinsomecountriesaretryingtopersuadetheirgovernmentstohelpthemstudyUFOs.Andtheyareplanningtocooperateinter-nationallyonreportingandinvestigatingsightingsofUFOs.
Afterall,itisquitepossiblethatthereislifeoutthereintheuniverse.Andifsomethingisalive,itisquitepossiblethatitwillcometovisitus.
16.ThecaptainandthecameracrewbelievedthatUFOwasavspaceshipfromanotherplanet.
17.ManyobelievedthattheUFOwasVenus.
18.SofarthereisnoproofthatUFOsarespfromouterspace.
19.SomescientistsintheworldareplanningtodosomeronUFOs.
20.Plifeintheuniversemaytrytomakeavisittous.
第三部分阅读理解(80分)
Passage1
Inrecentyears,scientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentshavedrasticallychangedhumanlifeonourplanet,aswellasourviewsbothofourselvesasindividualsinsocietyandoftheuniverseasawhole.MaybeoneofthemostprofounddevelopmentsofthelastdecadeisthediscoveryofrecombinantDNAtechnology,whichallowsscientiststointroducegenetic(遗传学的)material(orgenes)fromoneorganismintoanother.Initssimplestform,thetechnologyrequirestheisolationofapieceofDNA,eitherdirectlyfromtheDNAoftheorganismunderstudy,orartificiallysynthesizedfromanDNA.ThispieceofDNAisthenligated(结扎)toafragmentofbacterialDNAwhichhasthecapacitytoreplicate(复制)itselfindependently.Therecombinantmoleculethusproducedcanbeintroducedintothecommonintestinal(内部的)bacteriumEscherishchiacoli,whichcanbegrowninverylargeamountsinsyntheticmedia.Underproperconditions,theforeigngenewillnotonlyreplicateinthebacteria,butalsoexpressitself,throughtheprocessoftranscriptionandtranslation,togiverisetolargeamountsofthespe
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