天津外国语学院研究生入学考试基础英语真题.docx
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天津外国语学院研究生入学考试基础英语真题.docx
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天津外国语学院研究生入学考试基础英语真题
天津外国语学院硕士研究生入学考试试题
I.Choosethewordorphrasewhichbestcompleteseachsentence.(30%)
1.Unmarriedmiddle-agedladiesusuallydislikebeingcalled_____,thoughitistechnicallythecorrectwordtouse.
A.bachelorsB.maidensC.oldmaidsD.spinstersE.virgins
2.Hewasstoppedbythepoliceforspeedingandhadhislicence_____.
A.bannedB.blessedC.devaluedD.endorsedE.signed
3.Teacherslikestudentstobe_____andlistentowhattheyaresaying.
A.absorbedB.attentiveC.guardedD.prudentE.watchful
4.Inthispartofthecountry,thefieldsareseparatedbystone_____.
A.fencesB.hedgesC.linesD.partitionsE.walls
5.He_____hisshouldersandwalkedoffindisgust.
A.knittedB.knottedC.shookD.shruggedE.waved
6.Whathehasbeensayingiscompletely_______towhatwearediscussing.
A.detachedB.exceptionalC.impertinentD.irrelevantE.irreverent
7.Holbein'spaintingsmadeatremendous______onHenryVIIIandhiscourt.
A.affectB.collisionC.impactD.resultE.shock
8.Hewashitbyabulletbutluckilyhewasonly________wounded.
A.barelyB.commonlyC.littleD.merelyE.slightly
9.Nothingcaneverfortheloss.
A.amendB.commiserateC.makeupD.paybackE.substitute
10.Hisphonemustbeoutoforder.We'verungseveraltimesbuthaven'tbeenableto______him..
A.arriveatB.contactC.discoverD.meetE.transmit
11.AllbarristersareexpectedtostudyattheInnsofCourt.
A.hopefulB.prospectiveC.will-beD.willingE.wishful
12.It'sadelightfulisland,aboveallbecauseit'sstill,inspiteofthegrowthoftourism.
A.humbleB.primitiveC.ruralD.rusticE.unspoiled
13.Thejudgerecommendedmorehumaneformsofpunishmentforjuvenile_____.
A.convictsB.delinquentsC.outlawsD.sinnersE.villains
14.Whenyoufire,keepcalmandjustsqueezethegently.
A.barrelB.buttC.rifleD.sightE.trigger
15.Althoughhewasapublicfigure,usedtolargeaudiences,hewasandwith-drawninprivatelife.
A.ashamedB.fearfulC.scrupulousD.shamefulE.shy
16.Theoftheorderarrivedlastweek.We'reonlywaitingforafewextracopies.
A.bulkB.chunkC.heapD.partE.pile
17.Peopleareafraidthattheinquirywilltakesolongthatitwillputa______onlegislation.
A.barrierB.brakeC.clutchD.preventionE.stop
18They'resoconcernedwithday-to-dayproblemsthattheyneverstoptothinkaboutGod.
A.agnosticB.devilishC.faithlessD.mundaneE.sceptical
19.Thesharesarelikelytoriseinvaluefollowingtherecenttake-over_____.
A.attemptB.bidC.challengeD.investmentE.trial
20.Therehavebeensomanystatementsabouttheinventionthatit'sdifficulttoknowwherethetruthlies.
A.conflictingB.distinguishedC.reactionaryD.reflectiveE.reverse
21.I'llyouoffthistimebutthenexttimeyou'llbepunished.
A.leaveB.letC.putD.setE.turn
22.Caseslikeyourseveryweekinthiscourt.
A.arouseB.comeupC.getupD.raiseE.rise
23.Theroomwasoffurniture.
A.absentB.devoidC.inadequateD.scantyE.scarce
24.Thepaintingsarehunginheavygilt______.
A.easelsB.framesC.fringesD.hangarsE.rims
25.Alltheroomshavecarpets,whichareincludedinthepriceofthehouse.
A.adaptedB.designedC.equippedD.fittedE.suited
26.Heusedtoliveinthecentreofthecitybutnowhehasmovedtothe_______.
A.brinkB.districtC.frontierD.outskirtsE.precinct
27.We'veputthehorsebackinhisforthenight.
A.barnB.foldC.kennelD.stableE.sty
28.Wehavetheportinthepressandareawaitingapplications.
A.advertisedB.advisedC.distributedD.notifiedE.reported
29.TheteamwilldowelltowinamedalattheOlympicGames,wheretheywillfacecompetitionfromseveralcountries.
A.HarshB.rigidC.roughD.stiffE.strict
30.Thefountainshavenopracticalpurpose.Theyarepurely______.
A.conspicuousB.gaudyC.opulentD.ornamentalE.outstanding
Ⅱ.Readthefollowingfourpassagesandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.(30%)
A.Worrying...
Thereareatleasttwoprecipitatingcausesofanxiety:
conflictandstress.Asanexampleoftheformer,wecanrarelypredictthepreciseconsequencesofwhatwedo,butweareblessed(orcursed)withtheintellectualcapacitytoanticipatetheadvantagesandisadvantageswhichmayaccruefromanyactionwemaybecontemplating.Verycommonlywearefacedwithachoicebetweenseveralcoursesofaction,allofwhichhaveprosandcons.Thisstateofaffairs-inpsychologicaljargon,multipleapproach-avoidanceconflict-accountsforagreatdealofourworrying:
worrying,thatis,aboutwhattodo.
Theothermajorsourceofworryisthedreadfulthingswhichmayhappenorhavehappenedtousortothosewecarefor.Amongthemoststressfulofthesearedeath,illness,lossofwork,moneyproblems,maritalproblemsandretirement.Suchworrieshavearationalbasis,butwearecuriouslyirrationalinthewaywepursuethem.Forexample,fearofdeathisasstrongamongyoungadultsasamongtheelderlyanditdoesnotseemtobereducedbyanysortofreligiousfaith,includingthebeliefthatthereislifeafterdeath.Itisequallysurprisingthatobjectivemeasuresofanxietysuggestthatweareasworriedthehourbeforehavingatoothfilledaswhenwefacemajorsurgery.
Howdowedealwithworries?
Psychiatristspointtoanumberofdefencemechanism.wecanusetowardthemoff.Wecanavoidthesituationswhichinducethem,asensiblemanoeuvrepractisedforexamplebythosewhorefusetoflyinaeroplanes.Wecandenythatwehavetheworryatall,whichmayberiskyiftheworryiswell-founded.Alternatively,wemayrepressor"somatise"it.Botharehazardous:
theformermayleadtofree-floating,clini-calanxiety,whilethelatterisawayofsayingthatmanyphysicalafflictionsseemtobepri-marilyemotionalinorigin.Temporatyrelieffromanxietycanbeobtainedthroughengaginginavarietyofcopingbehaviours.Theseincludemanyofthecommonestitemsofourbehav-iouralrepertoire.Smoking,drinking,sleeping,eating,takingstrenuousexercise,daydream-ing:
allcanbeusedtoreduceanxietywhentheoccasiondemandsit.Itiswhentheyfailthatworryingoranxietythreatenstobecomeaclinicalproblem.
Ofcourse,somepeopleworrymorethanothers,whateverthecircumstances.SofarIhavebeendiscussingthestateofanxiety,whichislargelytheproductoftheamountofstressanindividualexperiences.Butanxietyisalsoapersonalitytrait,closelyrelatedtoEysenck'sneuroticismdimension,andthegenesweinheritmaypredisposeustobecomewarriers.Theimportanceofconstitutionalfactorsisunderlinedbythefactthatpeoplerarelyhavebrea-downsforthefirsttimelaterinlife,despitethefactthatstress-inducingeventsbecomemorefrequentaswegetolder.
Itisdifficulttodecideatwhatpointworryingceasestobe"normal",butitisclearlyrea-sonabletoworry.Peoplegetseriouslyill,plansgoawry,tubetrainssometimescrash.Inpractice,anxietyisjudgedtobepathologicalwhenitcurtailsourabilitytoleadanormalex-istence.Wecanmanageperfectlywellwithouttravellinginplanesorlifts,andaneveningoutisn'tspoiledbythefactthatweareunabletoleavethehousewithouttriple-checkingthefront-doorlock.Suchquirksarewidespreadinthegeneralpopulationandcaneasilybedistin-guishedfromthebehaviourofsomeoneunableevertoleavetheirhouseorpeoplewhocan'tgoshoppingforfearoftremblingwhentheyhandlemoneyinfrontofanotherperson.
Initsoxtremeform,anxietymaybeexperiencedeitherasageneralised,"free-floating"state(thesuffererbecomestenseandfrightenedfornoapparentreason),oritmaybemorespecificallyfocused--forexampleonopenspaces,enclosedsituationsorcertaininsectsoranimals.Manypeoplewillhaveexperiencedtheformer--tautmuscles,drymouthandthefeelingofagitation,dreadorevenpanic--whilemildphobiasarealsoverycommon.
Butatlessintenselevels,anxietyandworryinghavegreatvalue.Theyhelpustoavoidtrouble,ortocopewithitwhenitcannotbeavoided.Worryingmaybeaninternalmono-logue,allowingustosolveproblemsattimesofcrisis;byworrying,wemayunderstandbet-tertheoriginsoftheworryandtherebystaveoffapossiblebreakdown.Itmayalsoplayasignificantpartinrecoveryfrombereavementbyhelpingustocometotermswithreality(inthesecircumstancestranquilisingdrugsmaybecounterproductive).Ineverydaylife,anxietyenergisesusandimprovesperformanceofawidevarietyoftasks(includingIQtests);italsogalvanisesustoachievemore.Withoutit.itisdifficulttoseehowtherecouldbeeithersocialorintellectualprogress.Soworryingisnotafterallanunproductiveactivity.Perhapsthetimetogetworriediswhenyou'renotworrying.
JohnNicholson,NewSociety31.Oneofthemainreasonswhypeopleworryaboutthefutureisthatthey
A.areawareofdifferentpossibleconsequencesresultingfromtheiractions.
B.areincapableofanalysisoftheiractions.
C.donotknowwhattheresultsoftheiractionswillbe.
D.wanttoavoidtheirproblems.
32.Thefearofdeath
A.decreasesaswegetolder.
B.dependsonourreligiousbeliefs.
C.exists,irrespectiveofageorbeliefs.
D.hasnologicalfoundation.
33.Thebestwaytodealwithourworriesisto
A.avoidallsituationsthatmightproducethem.
B.pretendthatwearenotworried.
C.trytoputthemoutofourminds.
D.trytounderstandwhywehavethem.
34.Suchsolutionstoworryingassmoking,drinkingandstrenuousexercise
A.areoftens
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