人教新课标高中英语必修一讲义Unit+1+Friendship+14及答案.docx
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人教新课标高中英语必修一讲义Unit+1+Friendship+14及答案.docx
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人教新课标高中英语必修一讲义Unit+1+Friendship+14及答案
SectionⅣ Grammar—直接引语与间接引语(Ⅰ)
[新知导引]
1.(教材P5)“Idon'twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.”saidAnne.
→Annesaidthatshedidn'twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.
2.(教材P5)“Doesafriendalwayshavetobeaperson?
”thewriterasksus.
→Thewriterasksusifafriendalwayshastobeaperson.
3.(教材P5)“Whydidyougotobedsolatelastnight?
”FatheraskedAnne.
→FatheraskedAnnewhyshehadgonetobedsolatethenightbefore.
4.Mymothersaid,“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.”
→Mymothersaidafriendinneedisafriendindeed.
[语法详解]
一、直接引语和间接引语概述
*直接引用别人的原话就是直接引语;用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。
*间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。
*直接引语一般前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号。
二、直接引语变为间接引语
直接引语变为间接引语时,应在时态、句式、代词、状语以及方向性动词等方面作一些必要的调整。
1.时态的变化
(1)直接引语变为间接引语时,引述动词如果用的是过去式,间接引语在时态方面要作相应的变化。
一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般将来时,应分别改为一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。
但如果直接引语中的时态是一般过去时,且和具体的过去时间状语连用时,时态无须变化。
Theysaid,“Ourparentsoftengoshoppingwithus.”
他们说:
“我们的父母经常和我们一起购物。
”
→Theysaidtheirparentsoftenwentshoppingwiththem.
他们说他们的父母经常和他们一起购物。
Hesaid,“Youtoldmethisstory.”
他说:
“你给我讲过这个故事。
”
→HesaidthatIhadtoldhimthatstory.
他说我给他讲过那个故事。
Tomsaid,“Iwasbornin1996.”
汤姆说:
“我生于1996年。
”
→Tomsaidthathewasbornin1996.
汤姆说他生于1996年。
(2)若引述动词用的是一般现在时,时态无须变化。
Hesays,“I'mtried.”
他说:
“我很累。
”
→Hesaysthatheistired.
他说他很累。
2.句式变化
(1)直接引语为陈述句时,间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句(that可以省略)。
引述动词主要有say,tell,repeat,explain等。
Shesaid,“IliketowatchTV.”
她说:
“我喜欢看电视。
”
→ShesaidthatshelikedtowatchTV.
她说她喜欢看电视。
Hesaid,“Shecanswim.”
他说:
“她会游泳。
”
→Hesaidthatshecouldswim.
他说她会游泳。
(2)直接引语是一般疑问句或反义疑问句时,间接引语要变为由if/whether引导的宾语从句;直接引语是特殊疑问句时,间接引语变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句,注意宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
“Doyouknowtheman?
”heasked.
他问:
“你认识这个男人吗?
”
→Heaskedif/whetherIknewtheman.
他问我是否认识那个男人。
“Whatdoyoudointheevening?
”heasked.
他问:
“你晚上做什么?
”
→HeaskedmewhatIdidintheevening.
他问我晚上做什么。
3.代词变化:
指示代词:
this→that,these→those;人称代词要根据说话的对象进行人称的变化。
Hesaid,“IamgoingtoBeijingthisweek.”
他说:
“这周我要去北京。
”
→HesaidthathewasgoingtoBeijingthatweek.
他说那周他要去北京。
Thelittlegirltoldhim,“Ihaveseenthefilm.”
那个小姑娘告诉他:
“我已经看过那部电影了。
”
→Thelittlegirltoldhimshehadseenthefilm.
那个小姑娘告诉他,她已经看过那部电影了。
4.时间状语和地点状语的变化:
now→then,today→thatday,tonight→thatnight,yesterday→thedaybefore,lastweek→theweekbefore,ago→before,tomorrow→thenextday,nextweek→thenextweek,here→there。
Hesaid,“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”
他说:
“我十年前买了这所房子。
”
→Hesaidthathehadboughtthehouse10yearsbefore.
他说他十年前买了这所房子。
“Didyouseeherlastweek?
”heasked.
他问:
“你上周见到她了吗?
”
→HeaskedifIhadseenhertheweekbefore.
她问我前一周是否见到她了。
MrWangsaid,“IwillleaveforShanghaionbusinessnextmonth.”
王先生说:
“下个月我会去上海出差。
”
→MrWangsaidthathewouldleaveforShanghaionbusinessthenextmonth.
王先生说下个月他会去上海出差.
5.方向性动词的变化:
come→go,bring→take。
Hesaid,“Ibroughtithomewithme.”
他说:
“我把它随身带回家。
”
→Hesaidhehadtakenithomewithhim.
他说他把它随身带回家。
注意:
间接引语中时态不变的用法
(1)直接引语如果是客观真理或自然现象时,时态不变。
“Theearthmovesaroundthesun,”saidtheteacher.
老师说:
“地球围绕太阳转。
”
→Theteachersaidthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.
老师说地球围绕太阳转。
(2)直接引语如果是习惯性、经常性、反复性的动作或状态,时态不变。
“Mybrotheralwaysgoestoschoolbybike,”Jacksaid.
杰克说:
“我哥哥总是骑车上学。
”
→Jacksaidthathisbrotheralwaysgoestoschoolbybike.
杰克说他哥哥总是骑车上学。
(3)如果间接引语中动词所表示的动作或状态说话时仍在继续,时态不变。
“MyparentsliveinShanghai,”saidLiHua.
李华说:
“我父母住在上海。
”
→LiHuasaidthathisparentsliveinShanghai.
李华说他父母住在上海。
考情分析
直接引语和间接引语是中学英语的重要语法,也是高考的重要考点,其热点考查内容是时态变化、语序变化等。
巧学助记
人称代词的变化规律:
(1)“一随主”:
直接引语中有第一人称代词时,变间接引语时应与引述部分主语保持一致。
(2)“二随宾”:
直接引语中有第二人称代词时,变间接引语时应与引述部分宾语保持一致。
(3)“三不变”:
直接引语中有第三人称代词时,变间接引语时无须变化。
即时训练
Ⅰ.改正间接引语中的错误
1.Hetoldme,“IwillgotoShanghai.”
HetoldmethathewillgotoShanghai.
will→would
2.Hesaid,“Theearthmovesaroundthesun.”
Hesaidthattheearthmovedaroundthesun.
moved→moves
3.Tomsaid,“Iwillgotoschooltomorrow.”
TomsaidIwouldgotoschoolthenextday.
I→he
4.Heaskedme,“DidyouleaveLondontwodaysago?
”
HeaskedmewhetherIhadleftLondontwodaysago.
ago→before
5.“Youmustcomeherebeforesix,”hesaid.
HesaidImustcometherebeforesix.
come→go
Ⅱ.将间接引语补充完整
1.Itoldhim,“IlostmymoneyandIwillfindit.”
→ItoldhimIhadlostmymoneyandthatIwouldfindit.
2.Thewomanaskedhim,“Whydoyouhavetosleepintheopenair?
”
→Thewomanaskedhimwhyhehadtosleepintheopenair.
3.“Haveyoueverbeentotheseaside?
”heaskedme.
→HeaskedmeifIhadeverbeentotheseaside.
4.Shesaid,“Iamcomingthisweek.”
→Shesaidthatshewascomingthatweek.
5.Hesaid,“Ineedaruler.”
→Hesaidthatheneededaruler.
Ⅲ.把下列直接引语变成间接引语
1.Hesaid,“IamlivinginLondonnow.”
HesaidthathewaslivinginLondonthen.
2.Shesaid,“Ihaven'theardfromhimsinceMay.”
Shesaidshehadn'theardfromhimsinceMay.
3.HesaidtoTom,“Icanhelpthem.”
HesaidtoTomthathecouldhelpthem.
4.Heaskedme,“Areyoufondoffootball?
”
HeaskedmeifIwasfondoffootball.
5.Shesaid,“I'llbringyouthisbooknextmonth.”
Shesaidshewouldbringmethatbookthenextmonth.
根据直接引语写出间接引语中谓语的正确形式
1.“Ididn'tmeantohurtyou,”saidmyfriendMary.
→MyfriendMarysaidshehadn'tmeanttohurtme.
2.Momasked,“Willyoustayathomealonethisweekend?
”
→MomaskedwhetherIwouldstayathomealonethatweekend.
3.Myfatherasked,“Whatdoyouwanttogetasapresentonyourbirthday?
”
→MyfatheraskedwhatIwantedtogetasapresentonmybirthday.
4.“Whatwillweeattoday?
”heaskedhismother.
→Heaskedhismotherwhattheywouldeatthatday.
5.“I'msureRobincanwinthematchtomorrow.”Tomsaidtome.
→TomsaidtomethathewassureRobincouldwinthematchthenextday.
6.“IwillgotoBeijingforameetingtomorrow,”myfathersaidtome.
→MyfathertoldmethathewouldgotoBeijingforameetingthenextday.
7.“Chinaisthebiggestdevelopingcountryintheworld,”saidMrSmith.
→MrSmithsaidthatChinaisthebiggestdevelopingcountryintheworld.
8.“Howmuchhavewespentonpetrolthisyear?
”Susanaskedherhusband.
→Susanaskedherhusbandhowmuchtheyhadspentonpetrolthatyear.
9.Motheraskedme,“Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?
”
→MotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomework.
10.Hesays,“Iboughtyouabookyesterday.”
→Hesaysthatheboughtmeabookyesterday.
课时作业(四) Unit1 SectionⅣ Grammar—直接引语与间接引语(Ⅰ)
Ⅰ.直接引语改成间接引语或间接引语改成直接引语
1.Mysistersaidtome,“Iwillcomeherenextweek.”
→Mysistertoldmethatshewouldgotherethenextweek.
2.“Howareyoufeelingnow?
”thedoctoraskedhim.
→Thedoctoraskedhimhowhewasfeelingthen.
3.“Canyoutellmehowtogettothenearestrestaurant?
”thewomanaskedthepoliceman.
→Thewomanaskedthepolicemanif/whetherhecouldtellherhowtogettothenearestrestaurant.
4.“Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon,”theteachersaidtous.
→Theteachertoldusthatthesunisbiggerthanthemoon.
5.MrSmithaskedMaryifshewouldgooutwithhimthatnight.
→“Willyougooutwithmetonight,Mary?
”saidMrSmith.
6.ShetoldmethatshewouldflytoLondonthenextday.
→Shesaidtome.“IwillflytoLondontomorrow.”
7.Thewomanaskedhimwhyhehadtosleepintheopenair.
→Thewomansaidtohim,“Whydoyouhavetosleepintheopenair?
”
8.HeaskedmeifIhadvisitedBeijingtwoyearsbefore.
→“DidyouvisitBeijingtwoyearsago?
”heaskedme.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Ioncehadafriendthatwasdiagnosedwithterminalcancer,andthenewsthathemightonlyhavesixmonthstolivewasagreatshocktohim,hisfamily,andhisfriends.However,inspiteoftheseriousillness,hewasinitiallydeterminedtolookintoallavailabletreatmentsthatmightcureorextendhislife.Ithinkthatwhenyoufindyourselfinsuchsituations,youtendtolookupeverypossiblewayforhopeofsavingyourlife.
Asmonthswentonandhishealthgrewworse,Inoticedanunexpectedchangeinattitudethatcameoverhim.Hehadalsobeenahappypersonwithacheerfulpersonality,butratherthangiveintodiscouragementandselfpity,hetookcomfortinGodandhumanity.Histalksfocusedonothersratherthanhimself,andhespokeoftheafterlifeassomethinghewaspreparedfor,believingthathisconcernedancestors,includinghismotherandfather,weretherewaitingforhim.
Duringthelastfewmonths,weeks,anddaysofhislife,hewaskindlycaredforbyfamily,friends,hislovingwife,whoattendedtobothhisphysicalandemotionalneeds,andworkersfromalocalhospice(安养院)cametothehometoregulatehismedicationandprovideanyotherneededsupport.Hedidn'tcomplainabouthisfate,andhewillinglyallowedotherstoservehim.
Indeed,onemightthinkwhyGodallowsdeathandsufferinginourworld,butforme,suchexperiencestaughtmetovaluefamilymoreandbekindtoothers.Youoftencan'tlearntheseimportantattributesinthelapofluxury,andperhaps,suchanexperienceisthegreatestandfinalgifttheillnesscangivethoseleftbehind.
【语篇解读】 “我”的一位老朋友被诊断出患了癌症并已是晚期,医生说他只能活几个月了。
从他的身上,“我”对人生有了新的认识,那就是珍惜亲情、重视友谊等。
1.Whichwordcanbestdescribetheman'sinitialreactionassoonashewasdiagnosedwithcancer?
A.Satisfied. B.Surprised.
C.Terrified.D.Confused.
答案与解析:
B 细节理解题。
根据首句中的“shock”可知本题选B。
2.Whatdidthemandoafterhefirstlearnedofhisillness?
A.Hewasoperatedonimmediately.
B.Heretiredfromhisjob.
C.Heresearchedcancertreatments.
D.Hefeltsad,doingnothing.
答案与解析:
C 细节理解题。
由第一段中的第二句“However....extendhislife.”可知本题选C。
3.Whatwastheman'smainsourceofcomfortafterseveralmonthswiththedisease?
A.Hisfamilyandfriends.
B.Hisbeliefinhumanity.
C.Hisdoctors'encouragement.
D.Thecarefromothers.
答案与解析:
B 细节理解题。
根据第二段第二句中的“...h
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