医学英语主要前缀.docx
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医学英语主要前缀.docx
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医学英语主要前缀
1.人体主要器官前缀
名称通用名前(后)缀常用形容词示例
心heartcardiao-cardial/carditis/cardiology
脑brainencepholo-cerebralcerebrum/encephalitis/
encephalology
肺lungpulmo-pulmonarypulmontor/pulmonectomy/
pulmonology
肝liverhepato-hepatichepatitis/hepatobiliary/
hepatology
胃stomachgastro-gastricgastritis/gastrointestinal/
gastrology
胆gallbladderchole-biliarycholecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy
肠intestineentero-intestinalenteritis/enterectomy/enterology
脾spleensplen-splenicsplenitis/splenectomy/splenology
胰pancreaspancreato-pancreaticpancreatitis/pancreatectomy
肾kidneynephro-renal/nephricnephritis/nephropathy/
nephrology
2.与人体系统、器官有关的前(后)缀
名称通用名前(后)缀示例
血bloodhemo-/hematohematology/hemoglobin/hematoma
血管vesselvaso-vasopressor/cardiovasology/
静脉veinveno-venography/intravenous/
venoconstriction
动脉arteryarterio-arteriology/arteriole/
arteriosclerosis
肌musclemyo-mycology/myositis/myocarditis
髓marrowmyel-/myelo-myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma
神经nerveneur-/neyro-neurology/neuritis/neuron
细胞cellcyto-/-cytecytology/cytoma/leukocyte
尿urineuro-/ur-urology/urosurgery/urogenital
体bodysomato-/somesomatology/somatopsychic/
chromosome
3.与数字有关的前缀
数字前缀示例
一(单)mono-/uni-monomer/monoclone/carbonmonoxide/unidirectional
二bi-/di-bilateral/biphasiccarbondioxide/dipeptide
三tri-trilateral/triphasic/trigeminalnerve
四tetra-tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia
五penta-pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride
六hexa-hexachromic/benzenehexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund
七hepta-heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent
八octa-octahedral/octalsystem
九nona-nonapeptide/nonagon
十deca-decade/decagram/decaliter
注:
十位数的表示一般为:
个位数前缀+deca,如:
hexadecanol(十六烷醇),tetradecapeptidegastrin(十四肽胃泌素),octadecanoicacid(十八烷酸)
4.颜色及与颜色有关的前缀
颜色通用名前缀示例
色colorchrom-/chromo-chromosome/chromatin/
chromatometer
红rederythro-erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/
erythrometer
白whiteleuko-leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira
黑blackmelano-melena/melanoma/melanoderma
黄yellowxantho-xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma
蓝bluecyan-/cyanocyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia
紫violet/purple
绿green
棕brownbrownmixture/brownring
橙orangeVictoriaorange/ethylorange/orangeG
粉红pinkoinkfrothysputum
绯红crimson
青铜bronzedbronzeddiabetes
注:
有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义,其前缀都为“cyano-”.
5.与疾病和疾患有关的前(后)缀
(1)
含义前(后)缀形容词示例
病patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis
/-pathy-pathicneuropathy/nephropathy/
adenopathy
病态-osis-oticneurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis
增多leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis
减少-penia-penicleukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/
granulocytopenia
无a-/an-atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia
小/微-letdroplet/platelet/leaflet
micro-microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus
大/巨macro-macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage
-megalysplenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly
复合/多poly-polyuria/polymer/polyopia
全/泛pan-pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic
6.与疾病和疾患有关的前(后)缀
(2)
含义前(后)缀示例
相反dis-disease/disorder/disability
困难/障碍dys-dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea
不良mal-malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice
炎症-itisappendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis
瘤/块-omalymphoma/adenoma/hematoma
血症-emialeukemia/septisemia/bacteremia
痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer
麻痹-plegiahemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia
流出-rrheadiarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea
坏死-necrosisnecro-/necr-hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia
结石litho-/-lithlithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes
7.与方位有关的前缀
含义通用词前缀示例
上upper/superiorpi-/supra-epidemic/epithelium/supracostal
下lower/inferiornfra-/sub-infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous
前front/anterior/priorfore-/ante-forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis
/pre-
后back/posteriorpost-/retro-posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac
内inner/internalin-/endo-/ento-inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial
外outer/externalex-/exo-extract/excretion/exocardial
间betweeninter-intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse
旁/副onthesideofpara-parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal
周aroundperi-perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum
中心centralcentri-/centra-centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus
/centro-
反/对oppositecounter-/contra-counterpart/countershock/contraindication
注:
invivo/in’vaivou/活体内;invitro/invaitrou/活体外或试管内;insitu/in’saitju:
/原位
8.与外科手术有关的前(后)缀
含义前(后)缀示例
切除-ectomyappendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy
切开-tomytracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy
切(割)-tometracheotome/thoracotome
吻合-stomyduodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy
成形术-plastytracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty
整(矫)形ortho-orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy
造影-graphyangiography/nephrography/phlebography
经…trans-transdominal/translateral/transurethral
注:
ortho-也是“正”“原”的前缀,如:
ortho-acid(正酸)
-graphy为方法,如:
electrocardigraphy心电图检查术;graph为仪器,如:
electrocardigraph心电图机;gram为图象,文字,如:
electrocardiogram心电图记录。
9.与化学品有关的前(后)缀
含义前(后)缀示例
酸盐atesulfate/nitrate/acetate
醇-olalcohol/propanol/taxol
醛-alre
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