英语英语阅读理解专项习题及答案解析.docx
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英语英语阅读理解专项习题及答案解析.docx
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英语英语阅读理解专项习题及答案解析
(英语)英语阅读理解专项习题及答案解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Ifyouwanttoconvincethebossyoudeserveapayriseorpromotion,thesolutioncouldbesimple—eatthesamefoodastheydo.Psychologistshavediscoveredmanagersaremuchmorelikelytoinstantlytrustusifwechoosethesamedishesasthem.
Duringexperiments,discussionsoverwagesandworkconditionsweremuchmoresuccessfulifbothsideschosetosnackonthesametreats.AndshoppersweremuchmorelikelytobuyaproductadvertisedonTVbysomeoneeatingasimilarfoodtothematthetime.
Thereasonisthoughttobeso-calledsimilarityattractiontheory—wherepeopletendtolikeotherswhohavesimilartastesorhabitstothemselves.Butthisisbelievedtobeoneofthefirststudieshighlightingtheroleoffoodinthisrelationship.ResearchersatChicagoUniversityintheUSconductedaseriesofexperimentstoexaminefood'sroleinearningtrust.
Inatest,participantsweretoldtowatchTV—wheresomeonepretendingtobeamemberofthepublicpraisedacertainproduct.ThevolunteersweregivenKitKatbarstonibble(咬),whiletheTVpeopleateeitheraKitKatorgrapesastheytalked.
TheresultsshowedviewersweremuchmorelikelytoexpressaninterestinbuyingtheproductiftheTVshowedtheotherpersoneatingaKitKattoo.
Theresearchersadded,“Althoughsimilarityinfoodconsumptionisnotasignofwhethertwopeoplewillgetalong,wefindconsumerstreatthisassuch.Theyfeelmoretrustingofthosewhoconsumeastheydo.Itmeanspeoplecanimmediatelybegintofeelfriendshipanddevelopabond,leadingtosmoothertransactions(交易)fromthestart.”
HarleyStreetpsychologistDr.LucyAtchesonsaiditwasalreadyknownthatwearingsimilarclothescouldinstantlycreatetrust.Butthiswasthefirstreportthatfoodhadthesameeffect.Shesaid,“Thisisreallyinteresting.Itmakessenseaspeoplefeeltheyhavecommongroundandcantrusttheotherperson.Thatmeansnegotiationsaremorelikelytobesuccessful.”
(1)Accordingtothepassage,customersarelikelytobuyaproductfromadealerwho______.
A. hasthesametasteasthem
B. advertiseshisproductsonTV
C. reducesthepriceofhisproducts
D. paysattentiontothequalityofhisproducts
(2)TheexperimentsconductedbyresearchersatChicagoUniversityshowthat______.
A. foodplaysanimportantroleinearningpeople'strust B. bosseslikeemployeesthathavethesametasteasthem
C. peoplewhohavesimilartastestotheirboss'searnmore D. peoplehavelessinterestinbuyingproductsadvertisedonTV
(3)Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
A. Peoplewhoeatsimilarfoodaremorelikelytotrusteachother. B. Peoplewillgetalongwitheachotheriftheyliketoeatsimilarthings.
C. Theeffectofwearingsimilarclotheshasn'tbeenprovedbyresearchers. D. Peoplearemorelikelytomakefriendswiththosewearingthesameclothesasthem.
(4)Whichofthefollowingsayingscanbeanexampleofthesimilarityattractiontheory?
A. Honestyisthebestpolicy.
B. Allgoodthingscometoanend.
C. Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.
D. Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)A
(3)A
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了相似吸引理论在食物上也成立,芝加哥大学研究人员进行的实验表明食物对人的信任起着重要的作用。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“shoppersweremuchmorelikelytobuyaproductadvertisedonTVbysomeoneeatingasimilarkindoffoodtothematthetime.”可知,顾客很可能从味道相同的经销商那里购买产品。
故选A。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“ResearchersatChicagoUniversityintheUSconductedaseriesofexperimentstoexaminefood'sroleinearningtrust.“可知美国ChicagoUniversity研究表明食物在赢得人们的信任方面起着重要的作用。
故选A。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“thiswasthefirstreportthatfoodhadthesameeffect.Shesaid,‘Thisisreallyinteresting.Itmakessenseaspeoplefeeltheyhavethecommongroundandcantrusttheotherperson.Thaimeansnegotiationsaremorelikelytothesuccessful.’”可知,吃相似食物的人更容易信任对方。
故选A。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据每条谚语的意思A.Honestyisthebestpolicy.“诚实为上策”。
B.Allgoodthingscometoanend.“天下没有不散的筵席”。
C.Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.“人以群分物以类聚”。
D.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.“有志者,事竟成”。
可知C项符合题意。
选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇科普类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Automaticdishwashershavebeenaroundformorethan100years.Itstartedin1886withJosephineCochrane,awomaninShelbyville,Illinois.Shewasarichwomanwhocouldaffordservantstowashherdishes,soshereallydidn'tmindthework.Whatshedidmindwasthatherservantsbrokethedishes.Shehostedquiteafewdinnerparties,andaftereverypartytheservantsbrokemoreofherexpensivedishes.
Finally,Cochranetookaction.First,shemeasuredherdishesandbentwireintorackstoholdthem.Next,sheputtheracksonawheelinalargecopperboiler.Then,theboilersprayedhot,soapywateronthedishesasamotorturnedthewheel.Afterahotwaterrinse(冲洗),thedisheswereclean!
JosephineCochrane'sfriendswereimpressedwiththemachineandaskedhertobuildmore.Afterthat,wordgotoutfast.Soonhotelandrestaurantownerswhodidn'tlikebrokendishesalsowereinterested.Cochranethenknewthatshehadawonderfulmachine,soshereceivedapatentfromthegovernment,whichsaidthatonlytheinventorcanmakemoneyfromaninvention.Thenin1893ChicagoheldaWorld'sFairwhereinventionsfromallovertheworldwereshown.Cochrane'slabor-savingmachinewasabighit.Herdishwasherwonthehighestaward.
Cochrane'scompanycameoutwithasmallermachinein1914.Itwassupposedtobefortheordinaryhome,butitwasn'tanimmediatesuccess.Manyhomescouldn'tproducetheextremelyhotwateritneeded.Also,inmosthomes,dishwashingwasn'tconsideredverydifficultcomparedtomostotherhousework.Infactsomepeoplelikedtorelaxatthesinkafterahardday!
Salesofthehomemodelfinallypickedupinthe1950swhenpeoplehadmoremoneyandwantedtohavemoretimetoenjoythemselves.Nowmanyhomeshaveelectricdishwashersthataren'tverydifferentfromtheoneJosephineCochraneinventedmorethan100yearsago.
(1)WhydidJosephineCochraneinventthedishwasher?
A.Toreducethenumberofservants.
B.Toavoidpossibledamagetothedishes.
C.Tohostmoredinnerparties.
D.Tomakethedishescleaner.
(2)WhatdoestheunderlinedwordsinParagraph3suggest?
A.Themachinewasn'tasefficientasdescribed.
B.JosephineCochranecouldnolongerkeepitasecret.
C.Josephine'sfriendssoonbegantotalkaboutthenewmachine.
D.Theinventiondrewimmediateattentionofthepublic.
(3)Thesmallermachinebecamepopularonlywhen_____.
A.people'slivingconditionsimproved
B.hotwaterwasnotneeded
C.houseworkbecameeasier
D.peoplehadmorerelaxingjobs
(4)ComparedwithCochrane'sinvention,modernelectricdishwashers_____.
A.costlessmoney
B.arequitedifferent
C.washmanyotherthings
D.aremuchthesame
【答案】
(1)B
(2)D
(3)A
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了自动洗碗机的历史由来。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“Whatshedidmindwasthatherservantsbrokethedishes.Shehostedquiteafewdinnerparties,andaftereverypartytheservantsbrokemoreofherexpensivedishes.”她所介意的是她的仆人打破了餐具。
她举办了几次宴会,每次宴会之后,仆人们都打破了她昂贵的餐具。
为了避免打破她的餐具,后来JosephineCochrane发明了自动洗碗机,故选B。
(2)考查句义猜测。
根据第三段中的“JosephineCochrane'sfriendswereimpressedwiththemachineandaskedhertobuildmore.”JosephineCochrane的朋友们对这台机器印象深刻,并要求她建造更多;以及“Soonhotelandrestaurantownerswhodidn'tlikebrokendishesalsowereinterested. ”不久,不喜欢打破餐具的酒店和餐馆老板也对这个机器感兴趣。
根据划线句子的前后两句可以推断JosephineCochrane发明自动洗碗机的消息传播的很快,也就表明了Theinventiondrewimmediateattentionofthepublic这项发明立即引起了公众的注意。
故选D。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“Salesofthehomemodelfinallypickedupinthe1950swhenpeoplehadmoremoneyandwantedtohavemoretimetoenjoythemselves.”在20世纪50年代,当人们有更多的钱,希望有更多的时间来享受时,这种家用模式的销售终于恢复了。
也就是人们的生活条件提高了,自动洗碗机才流行起来,故选A。
(4)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“Nowmanyhomeshaveelectricdishwashersthataren'tverydifferentfromtheoneJosephineCochraneinventedmorethan100yearsago.”现在,许多家庭都有电动洗碗机,与100多年前JosephineCochrane发明的洗碗机没有太大的不同,因此现代洗碗机和JosephineCochrane发明的洗碗机几乎一样,故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
A2018reportfoundthatfoodwastewouldincreasebyathirdto2.1billiontonsby2030.Beyondthecostofthewasteitself,thrown-awayfoodgeneratesagasthatcontributestoclimatechange.
Homedeliverymealkits(盒)canreducefoodwastebymorethantwo-thirds,butsuppliersneedtoswitchtoreusablepackagingtomakethemenvironmentallyfriendly.
Tailor-mademealkitscutwastebyprovidingpeoplewithpreciseamountsoffreshingredients(烹饪原料)forchosenrecipes,meaningleftoversareminimized.Butwhilethe deliveryservicesscorewellonreducingfoodwaste,buyingthesamefoodingredientsfromthesupermarketalmostalwayssavesenergyoverallsimplybecausemealkitsusesomuchsingle-usepackaging.Thegoodnewsisthatifpeoplehavemealsthataretailoredforconsumption,theywon'toverbuyandhavelessfoodwaste.Theyfine-tunetheamountoffoodtowhattheywillactuallyeat.
Mealkitscanreducetransportemissions(排放)ifpeoplegotothesupermarketlessfrequently.Ifpeopleonlygoandbuysuchgoodsassoapandtoiletpaper,theymayonlyhavetovisitonceeverycoupleofmonths.Adeliverytruckcancarrymealsforalotofpeopleintheneighborhood.Sodozensofcartripsmightbereplacedwithonetrucktrip.
However,studyfoundthatevenifdeliverymealkitsreducedfoodwastetozero,theywouldstilluseupmoreenergyoverallthanbuyingthesamefoodfromthesupermarketunlesstheene
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