大学英语四级考试写作题型.docx

大学英语四级考试写作题型.docx

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大学英语四级考试写作题型

第四章大学英语四级考试写作题型

依照教诲部颁布大学英语教学大纲规定，大学英语四级考试命题形式有如下几种：

首尾句作文、提纲作文、图表作文、命题作文、书信体作文等。

第一节首尾句作文

首尾句作文是依照段首（尾）句续写短文。

段首句作文也称主题句作文，由于作文题中所给段首句往往是段落主题句。

其特点是以题目为中心，普通状况下将文章分为三个段落，每段首句即为该段主题句（topicsentences）0考生要按主题句规立组织材料，提出论据，用某些辅助句（supportingsentences）来支持或阐明主题句，写英文段首句作文要注意：

所写内容要紧扣主题，辅助句应环绕段首句续写。

保证段内每个句子内容与段首句紧密展开各个段落，如：

例证、因果、泄义、比较对比、程序等。

要注意句与句之间，特別是段首句与辅助句之间自然衔接。

此外，所给段首句有时是一种完整句子，有时不是一种完整句子，只是句子一某些，这就规左考生一泄要审好题。

找岀其中表达中心思想核心词，环绕这些核心词去扩展、描述或阐明。

［例1］Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionaboutWomenintheModernWorldinthreeparagraphs.Youaregiventhefirstsentenceofeachparagraphandarerequiredtodeveloptheideaincompletingtheparagraph：

yourpartofthecompositionshouldbeabout100words,notincludingthewordsgiven.Remembertowriteclearly.

［范文］

WomenintheModernWorld

Womenareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinsociety.Successfulwomenwhoar亡governmentofficials,writers,scientists,doctorsandteacherscanbefoundeverywhere.Itistruethatmanyjobsthatonceweredominatedbymencanbedonewellbywomen.

Withthechangesintheirsocialrole,womenspositioninthefamilyhasbeenimprovedaswel1・Thehusbandisnolongertheonlybreadmakerinthefamilyandthewifenolongerlivesonothers・Theysharecomfortsandhardshipswitheachother・Inspiteofthesechangesttheliberationofwomenhasnotbeencompletelyrealized・Womenstillfacemanydifficultiesandobstaclesduetotraditionalrolesandlimitedeconomicstrength.Womenstillhavealongwaytogointheirstruggleforcompleteequalitywithmen・

第一段首句是讲妇女在社会上作用，因而续写内容紧扣妇女社会作用，例如，妇女可以是政府机关工作人员、科学家、教师等：

第二句段首句是关于妇女在家庭中地位也提高了，续写内容也是关于夫妻患难与共；第三句段首句是讲妇女解放依然任重而道远，续写某些提出了妇女所而临问题，整个续写某些紧扣段首句。

［例2］Directions:

WriteacompositionaboutWhatWouldHappenIfThereWereNopowerinthreeparagraphs♦youaregiventhefirstsentenceorpartofthefirstsentenceofeachparagraph:

1Eversinceearlythiscentury,electricityhasbecomeanessentialpartofourmodernlife・

2Iftherewerenoelectricpower,・・・

3Therefore,・・・

［范文］

WhatWouldHappenIfThereWereNoPower

Eversinceearlythiscentury^electricityhasbecomeanessentialpartofourmodernlife・Ithasplayedadecisiveroleinthemodernworld・Everybodyadmitsthatdevelopmentofourcivilizationdependsonelectricity・

Iftherewerenoelectricitypower,ourmodernworldwouldbeintrouble・Forinstance^allthewheelwouldstopbecausewithoutthepowerthemachinewouldceaseworking・Andalltheelectricalequipmentlifewouldbeimpossibleandinagreatmasswithoutelectricity・

Thereforeweshouldmakebetteruseofelectivepower・Ontheotherhand,weshouldeducatepeopletoeconomizeonelectricityandnottowasteenergyresources・Atthesametimewemustdoourbesttoexploitmoreelectricresourcestomeettherequirementsofhumanbeings・

第一段段首句是讲电已经成为人们当代生活中必不可少某些，因而接下来续写某些应强调它重要性。

第二段段首句提出如果没有电假设，下而列出没有电将会浮现麻烦。

最后一段指岀咱们应当节约用电，开拓更多电力资源。

第二节提纲作文

提纲作文是规左考生依照所给岀作文题目和提纲（普通为中文提纲）进行写作。

中文提纲大多是以三个单句形式浮现。

写提纲作文，一方面要做就是审题，并要仔细分析题目中所列举提纲。

审完题后应当依照提纲拟出三个英文主题句，再在这些主题句基本上扩展成文。

在扩展过程中一泄要做到条理淸晰，开门见山。

［例1］Directions：

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicGoodHealthaccordingthefollowingoutline・Yourcompositionislessthan120words・Rememberthatthecontentsoftheoutlineshouldallbeincludedinyourcomposition.

Outline:

1健康重要性

2保持健康办法

3我做法

［范文］

GoodHealth

Goodhealthisveryimportanttoeveryone・Withit,wecanstudyhard,wecanserveourcountry,wecandoeverythingaswelike・Withoutgoodhealthseverybodyknowsthatwewillfailtodothings・Wecan*tworkefficiently^wemaystayinhospital♦we11becomeaburdenofourfamily.

Inmyopinion,therearetwowaysforustokeepfit・First,wemusteatabalanceddiet・Thatistosay,wemusteatnotonlyeggs,fishandmeat»butalsosomevegetablesandfruiteveryday・Besideseatingproperly>drinkingcleanwaterisalsoimportant・Nevergetaddictedtodrinkingthesoftdrink.Second,exercisingisavitalpartofourdailylife・Wecandosomerunninginthemorningandplayfootballintheafternoon・

AsauniversitystudentsIpaymuchattentiontophysicalexercises・Idosomeswimminginsummerandsomeskatinginwinter・Ioftenplaybadmintonandtennis・Iamalsocarefulwithmydiet・Inaway,keepinghealthyisnotveryhardifyoujusttakeitseriously・

文章开门见山就点出了主题:

Goodhealthisveryimportanttoeveryoneo然后作者很巧妙地用了with和without这两个介词从正反两个方而举出了详细事例来支持自己观点。

此外，with和without这两个词惯用于议论文中，用“正证法”和'‘反证法”来对各论点或观点进行阐述。

第二段开头句紧扣提纲，概括地提出保持健康有两种办法，并且通过first,second这样批示词，使所列举事实条理化。

最后一段告诉读者自己做法，也紧扣了提纲。

[例2]Directions：

Forthispart*youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicCompetition・Yourcompositionshouldbelessthan120words・Rememberthatthecontentsoftheoutlineshouldallbeincludedinyourcomposition・

Outline：

1Theimportanceofcompetition

2Thefunctionofcompetition

3Myownpractices

［范文］

Competition

Competitionmakespeopleactiveandcreative・Itisverynecessarytocompeteifhumansocietywantstoadvance・Withoutit,wewouldbecomelazyandnobodywouldtakeanyresponsibility・“Threemonks,therewillbenodrinkingwater・"ThisChineseproverbvividlydescribeswhyChinasproductivitywassolowbeforeMr.Dengcameintopower・Atthattimetwehadthesocalledplannedeconomy・Therewasnocompetitionatall.Sofarmersdidntworkhard・Workersdidntworkhard・Chinawasontheedgeofcollapse・

Competitioncanstimulatepeopletotrytheirbesttodothings・Forexample,in100meterrace»eachsportsmanrunsasquicklyaspossible,tryingtowinthechampiontthesamethingshappeninoursocietyandinourdailylife・Ifacompanywantstosurpass,itmustcompetewiththem.Itmustraiseitsefficiency・Allthecompaniesdoingthiswillnodoubtbenefitthewholesocietyandthewholehumanbeings.Beingastudent,Imustcompetewithotherstudentsinourstudies・ImuststudyhardinallthefieldssothatIcanbeausefulmanwhenIenterthesocietyaftergraduation.

文章一开头就提岀了竞争重要性。

接下来，作者用了两个事例更进一步阐明了主题。

最后谈到了自己做法。

［例3］

Directions：

ForthisPart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicLosingandGainingweightaccordingtothefollowing・Yourcompositionshouldbelessthan120words・Rememberthatthecontentsoftheoutlineshouldallbeincludedinyourcomposition・

Outline:

Thecomparisonofone*sbodytoacar：

thesimilaritiesanddifferencesofone'sbodyandone*scar・

1Thewaysforgainingweightandlosingweight・

2Myownpractices・

［范文］

LosingandGainingweight

Theprocessofgainingorlosingweightcanbeexplainedbycomparingyourcar・First,yourcarcan*trunifthereisnopetrolordieseloil.Becauseitneedsenergy.

Thesamethinghappenstoyourbody・Yourbodyalsoneedsenergy^thefoodyoueatcanbeconvertedintoenergy,withwhichyoucan:

run,youcantalk>youcandoeverything・Second,ifyoueattoomuchyouwillgainweight・Weknowacarwithtooheavyloadcantrunquicklyandsafely.Maybeitwillbreakdown.Forthesamereason»ifyouaretoofat»itisalsoveryinconvenientanddangerous・Youmightgetheartdisease,diabetes,andhypertensionandsoon.Ifsuchthingshappen,doctorwouldaskyoutoloseweight・

Youeattoomuchandyoudonttakeexercise,you11gainweight・Soifyouwanttoloseweightyouhavetodotheopposite・Youwillbeonadiet・Youwillgooutanddosomeexercises^suchas>running,swimmingsandplayingfootball,etc・Soon»you11bebackingoodconditionandgoodshapeagain.

AsfarasIamconcerned,Igetupandgotobedearly,doplentyofexerciseseveryday>andpayspecialattentiontothefoodIeataswell.Idonteattoomuchmeat.

Instead,mydietconsistsofvegetables,fruits,eggs,fish,andbeans.BydoingthisIcankeepfit.

作者在这篇文章中先用比较对比法比较了人与车之间相似之处：

车需要汽油，人需要食物：

车载重物过多跑不快，人长得太胖既行动不便也存有隐患，因而过于肥胖人就需要减肥。

第一段最后一句话起了承上启下作用。

接下来作者谈了如何减肥，最后很自然地过渡到作者自己做法。

第三节核心词作文

核心词作文是依照作文题目以及所给出核心词写短文。

核心词数目由几种到十几种不等。

写这种题型作文，要特别注意核心词作用。

核心词是短文内容发展“路标”，在作文思路和写作内容上起着决左乾坤作用。

因而，写出文章要把所给这些核心词都用上，可以一句中用上几种词，也可以几句中用上一种词，只要能做到恰到好处即可。

并且，要学会依照所给核心词语义群分段。

如果所给核心词可以分为三组，那么，短文就可以写成三段。

如果给出核心词是两组，短文就可以写为两段。

再者，要把给岀核心词用在刀刃上，即各段主题句以及结尾主题句都应当有核心词。

［例1］Directions：

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteapassageon"TheAdvantagesofTravel”basedonthewordsandphrasesgiven：

advantageswidenourknowledge»makefriends,knowledgeorgeography,beautifulscenery,differentlifestyle»customsandcultures.variousfoods,practiceaforeignlanguage,worthspendingthetime.

［范文］

TheAdvantagesofTravel

Wheneveracollegestudentisasked"Whatareyougoingtodothissummervacation?

"themostprobableanswermightbe“Iamgoingtohaveatrip.Itseemsthatcollege

studentsarefondoftravelingverymuch・Why?

Becausetravelhasnumerousadvantages・

Firstofall,travelcanwidenourknowledgeofgeography,theknowledgeofdifferentcustoms>culturesandlifestylesofdifferentplacesandcountries・Secondly,wecanmakefriendsandpracticeaforeignlanguagethroughtraveling・Finally,travelisthebestwayofspendingtime・Wecanenjoyeatingvariouslocalfoodsandseeingbeautifulscenery.

Inawordiwecanbenefitfromtravelinmorethanoneway・Itisworthspendingthetime・

作者在第一段中就用上了核心词travel和advantage♦并很巧妙地运用Becausetravelhasnumerousadvantages这样承上启下句子来引出下文关于旅游种种好处。

最后又把核心词用在了文章结尾处，强化了主题，不失为画龙点睹之笔。

［例2］Directions：

Forthispart»youareallowed30minutestowriteapassageon“TheHelpfulFeaturesofTextbooks”basedonthefollowingwordsgiven：

textbooks>school♦levels,kids,purpose,learn,therefore,features,information♦contentsts,page>understand,divide,sections,finally,alphabetical,mast»hel