考研英语311.docx
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考研英语311.docx
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考研英语311
考研英语-311
(总分:
100.00,做题时间:
90分钟)
一、{{B}}SectionⅠUseofEnglish{{/B}}(总题数:
1,分数:
10.00)
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblank.
Ourape-menforefathershadnoobviousnaturalweaponsinthestrugglefor{{U}}
(1){{/U}}intheopen.Theyhadneitherthepowerfulteethnorthestrongclawsofthebigcats.Theycouldnot{{U}}
(2){{/U}}withthebear,whosestrength,speedandclaws{{U}}(3){{/U}}animpressive"smallfire"weaponry.Theycouldnotevendefendthemselves{{U}}(4){{/U}}runningswiftlylikethehorses,zebrasorsmallanimals.Iftheape-menhadattemptedtocompeteonthosetermsintheopen,theywouldhavebeen{{U}}(5){{/U}}tofailureandextinction.Buttheywere{{U}}(6){{/U}}withenormousconcealedadvantagesofakindnotpossessedbyanyoftheircompetitors.
Inthesearch{{U}}(7){{/U}}thepickingsoftheforest,theape-menhad{{U}}(8){{/U}}efficientstereoscopicvisionandasenseofcolorthattheanimalsofthegrasslandsdidnot{{U}}(9){{/U}}.Theabilitytoseeclearlyatcloserangepermittedtheape-mentostudypracticalproblemsinawaythatlayfar{{U}}(10){{/U}}thereachoftheoriginalinhabitantsofthegrassland.Goodlong-distancesightwas{{U}}(11){{/U}}anothermatter.Lackoflong-distancevisionhadnotbeenaproblemforforest-dwellingapesandmonkeysbecausethe{{U}}(12){{/U}}theviewpoint,thegreatertherangeofsight-so{{U}}(13){{/U}}theyhadhadtodowasclimbatree.Outintheopen,however,thissimplesolutionwasnot{{U}}(14){{/U}}.Climbingahillwouldhavehelped,butinmanyplacesthegroundwasflat.Theape-men{{U}}(15){{/U}}theonlypossiblesolution.Theyrearedupashighaspossibleontheirhindlimbsandbegantowalk{{U}}(16){{/U}}.Thisvitalchangeofphysicalpositionbroughtaboutconsiderabledisadvantages.Itwasextremelyunstableanditmeantthatthealreadyslowape-menbecame{{U}}(17){{/U}}still.{{U}}(18){{/U}},theyperseveredandtheirbonestructuregraduallybecame{{U}}(19){{/U}}tothenew,unstablepositionthat{{U}}(20){{/U}}themthenameHomoerectus,uprightman.
(分数:
10.00)
A.survival √
B.hunting
C.security
D.inhabitance
解析:
选项分别是生存,打猎,安全和住所。
本段后面部分的主要内容是其他动物在自然界的优势,而人类的祖先处于劣势地位,因此他们必须为生存而斗争,故选A。
A.match √
B.compare
C.rival
D.equal
解析:
rival意为“与……相匹敌;比得上”,常用的搭配是rivalsb./sth.for/insth.;equal意为“比得上,和……相等”,做动词时是及物动词;match意为“和……相配;和……相称”,常用搭配为matchwith,意为“与……相匹敌”;compare意为“比较;对照”,常用的搭配有comparewith,意为“与……相比较”。
这里是说“他们无法与熊相比”,故根据句意和搭配,答案应选A。
A.became
B.equipped
C.posed
D.provided √
解析:
became意为“成为;变为”;equipped意为“装备”,常用于beequippedwith或equipsb.withsth.;posed意为“摆好姿势;造成”;proVided意为“供给,提供”。
这里是说熊的力量、速度和爪子为自身提供了很好的武器,故选项D最符合题意。
A.in
B.upon
C.by √
D.with
解析:
defend…bydoingsth.中的by表示方式、手段,意为“通过(做某事)”,后一般接动名词。
这里是说“它们不能像马、斑马或其他小动物一样通过快速地奔跑来保护自己”。
A.driven
B.doomed √
C.forced
D.led
解析:
bedoomedtosth.(一般为death,failure等一类的词)表示“注定……”。
bedrivento后常接madness,sorrow等一类的词。
leadto一般为主动式。
这里是说“他们早就注定失败、灭绝了”,故答案选B。
A.bestowed
B.given
C.presented
D.endowed √
解析:
bestow表示“赠给”,常与on或upon搭配;give一般与to搭配;present表示“赠予”时一般与with搭配;endow表示“天生具有,赋予”,一般用被动式,与with搭配。
本句意为“他们却拥有其他任何竞争者所不具有的某种巨大而隐蔽的优势”,故答案选D。
A.for
B.of √
C.on
D.at
解析:
inthesearchof是固定搭配,意为“在寻找……的过程中”。
这里是说“在寻找森林可采物的过程中”。
A.progressed
B.generated
C.developed √
D.advanced
解析:
generate意为“生成,产生”;progress意为“进展,进步”,是不及物动词;develop意为“(逐渐)形成”、“(逐渐)获得”,与interest,relationship,ability等搭配;advance意为“促进,提升”。
这里是说“在生存竞争中,猿人逐步形成了有效的、草地动物所不具有的立体视觉和颜色辨别的能力”。
根据句意,答案选C。
A.learn
B.dreamof
C.possess √
D.acquire
解析:
learn意为“学习”,dreamof意为“梦想”,possess意为“拥有”,acquire意为“获得”。
这里的主语是草原动物,宾语是立体视觉和颜色辨别的能力,那么结合选项就只有possess符合句意。
learn和acquire意思类似,但并非表示状态的动词,而是表示点的动作,故不符合句意。
A.from
B.apart
C.beyond √
D.above
解析:
beyondthereachof为固定搭配,意思是“够不着;在……范围之外”,与其相对的短语是withinthereachof(够得着;在……范围之内)。
A.rather
B.quite √
C.much
D.really
解析:
程度副词quite可以用在限定词another前,而另三个程度副词则不能。
副词yet也可用在another'前,但表示的是数量意义的“还,再”。
A.lower
B.further
C.clearer
D.higher √
解析:
注意和后文的搭配,视点越______,视野就越大。
根据常识判断,应当是视点越高,故选择higher。
A.anything
B.that
C.everything
D.all √
解析:
本句中的so引导一个主语句子,这个句子缺少一个引导词,该引导词还是“theyhadhadtodo”的宾语,只有选项D合乎条件。
A.available √
B.enough
C.sufficient
D.convenient
解析:
available意为“可得到的,可用的”;enough意为“足够的”;sufficient意为“充足的”;convenient意为“方便的”。
上文说的是在森林中居住的猿人和猴子可以通过爬树来扩大视力所及的范围,此处接着说的是,然而在没有树的开阔地带,这种方法是不可行的。
故选项A为正确答案。
A.chose
B.adopted √
C.accepted
D.took
解析:
choose意为“选择,挑选”;adopt意为“采用,采纳”;accept意为“接受”;take意为“实施,采取”。
这里是说“猿人采取了唯一可行的方案”,故答案选B。
A.fast
B.stably
C.happily
D.upright √
解析:
前面是说他们尽可能地直立使用后肢,那么后面就应当填入直立行走才符合句意,故应当是walkupright。
fast肯定是不符合常识的,而stably也不是,因为刚直立行走,必定会有一个适应的过程,不会如此稳定。
况且后文也已经说到了unstable。
而happily则无从谈起。
A.faster
B.slower √
C.morestable
D.safer
解析:
既然行走得很不平稳,那么根据常识判断,只有缓慢行走方可保持身体的平衡,因此结合选项slower最为符合题意。
A.However √
B.Therefore
C.Meanwhile
D.Subsequently
解析:
此句与上句之间在语义上为转折关系,四个选项中只有however表转折关系,为正确答案。
therefore表因果关系,C项meanwhile表时间关系,subsequently表承接关系。
A.accustomed
B.familiarized
C.adapted √
D.suited
解析:
accustomed表示“习惯的,适应的”,常用结构为beaccustomedto,意思是“习惯于……”;famifiarized的常用结构为befamiliarizedwith,意思是“与……相熟”;adapt表示“适应”时,常用adapttosth.或adaptoneselftosth.结构,暗含作出某种变化以适应新的情况;besuitedtosth.表示“适合……的”。
这里是说“它们的骨骼渐渐适应了……”,故选项C为正确答案。
A.obtained
B.called
C.deserved
D.earned √
解析:
call后面可以接宾语加宾语补足语;obtain和deserve后跟单宾语;earn后既可以接单宾语,也可以接双宾语,接双宾语时表示“(为……)博得,使……得到“。
根据句子结构,答案应选D。
二、{{B}}SectionⅡReadingComprehension{{/B}}(总题数:
4,分数:
40.00)
{{B}}PartA{{/B}}
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.
{{B}}Text1{{/B}}
ShewasFrench;hewasEnglish;theyhadjustmovedtoLondonfromParis.Whenhefoundoutaboutheraffair,shebeggedforareconciliation.Hewasmoreruthless:
thesameafternoon,hefiledfordivorceinFrance,oneofthestingiestjurisdictionsinEuropeforthenon-earningspouseandwhereadulteryaffectsthecourt'sruling.HadshefiledfirstinEnglandherconductwouldhavebeenirrelevant,andshewouldhavehadagoodchanceofalargeshareofthemaritalassets,andevenmaintenanceforlife.
Internationaldivorceisfullofsuchdramasandanomalies,sothenaturalresponseofpolicymakersistotrytomakethingssimplerandmorepredictable.Butthebiggestattemptinrecentyearstodojustthat,inaEuropeanagreementcalledRomeⅢ,hasjustbeenshelved.Instead,severalEUcountriesarenowpressingaheadwiththeirownharmonisationdeal.Manywonderifitwillworkanybetter.
Atissueisthevexedquestionofwhichcountry'slawappliestothebreak-upofamixedmarriage.Thespousesmaylivelong-terminathirdcountryandbetemporarilyworkinginafourth.Theworstwaytosortthatoutiswithexpensivelegalbattlesinmultiplejurisdictions.
Themainprincipleatpresentisthatthefirstcourttobeapproachedhearsthecase.Introducedin2001,thispracticehasworkedwellinpreventinginternationallegalbattles,buthasmadecouplesmuchmoretrigger-happy,becausethespousewhohesitatesinordertosaveatroubledmarriagemayloseahugeamountofmoney.RomeIIIaimedtoremovetheincentivetogotocourtquickly.Instead,courtsinanyEUcountrywouldautomaticallyapplythelocallawthathadchieflygovernedthemarriage.ThisapproachisalreadyinforceincountriessuchastheNetherlands.AcouplethatmovedthereandsoughtdivorcehavingspentmostofthemarriageinFrance,say,wouldfindaDutchcourtdividingassetsandhandlingchildcustodyaccordingtoFrenchlaw.
ThatworksfineamongcontinentalEuropeancountrieswherelegalsystems,basedonRomanlaw,leavelittleroleforprecedentorthejudge'sdiscretion.Youcanlookuptherulesonawebsiteandapplythem.ButitisanathemainplacessuchasEngland,wherethesystemfavoursathorough(andoftenexpensive)investigationofthedetailsofeachcase,andthenletsjudgesdecideaccordingtopreviouscasesandEnglishlaw.
Anothersnagisthatwhatmaysuitmiddle-classexpatriatesinBrussels(whojusthappenedtobethepeopledraftingRomeⅢ)maynotsuit,forexample,amixedmarriagethathasmainlybeenbasedinacountry,perhapsnotevenanEUmember,with"asharplydifferentdivorcelaw.Swedishpoliticiansdon'tliketheideathattheircourtswouldbeaskedtoenforcemarriagelawsbasedon,say,Islamicsharia.
ThethreatofvetoesfromSwedenandlike-mindedcountrieshasblockedRomeⅢ.Butagroupofninecountries,ledbySpainandFrance,isgoingahead.TheyareresortingtoaprovisioninEUrules-neverbeforeinvoked-called"enhancedco-operation"Thissetsaprecedentfora"multi-speed'"Europeinwhichlike-mindedcountriesareallowedtomovetowardsgreaterintegration,ratherthanseekinga"big-bang"bindingtreatythatscoopsupthewillingandunwillingalike.Somecountriesworrythatusingenhancedco-operationwillcreateunmanageablelayersofcomplexity,withEUlawreplacedbymultipleadhocagreements.
ThereallessonmaybethatRomeIIIwasjusttooambitious.Amoremodestbutusefulgoalwouldbesimplytoclarifythefactorsthatdeterminewhichcourthearsadivorce,andthenletthatcourtapplyitsownlaw.DavidHodson,aBritishexpert,proposesaninternationaldealthatwouldstartbygivinggreatestweighttoanyprenuptialagreement,followedbylong-termresidency,andthentakeintoaccountotherfactorssuchasnationality.Thatwouldthenmakeiteasiertoendmarriagesamicably,withmediationandout-of-courtagreement,ratherthanaracetostartthebeastlybusinessoflitigation.
(分数:
10.00)
(1).Whatdoestheauthortrytoexpressbysettingouttheexampleinthefirstparagraph?
(分数:
2.00)
A.DivorcefiledinEnglandwillbeadvantageous.
B.Francestipulatesrigidlawstowardsdivorce.
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