Beer Game 啤酒游戏.docx
- 文档编号:4382573
- 上传时间:2022-12-01
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:10
- 大小:189.39KB
Beer Game 啤酒游戏.docx
《Beer Game 啤酒游戏.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《Beer Game 啤酒游戏.docx(10页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
BeerGame啤酒游戏
BeerGame啤酒游戏
TimeinLab:
2hours
Objective:
1)tounderstandthebullwhipeffectinthesupplychain;2)tounderstandthewaytodealwithBullwhipeffect,inordertoachievesupplychaincoordination.
1.Introduction
TheBeerGameisarole-playingsimulationdevelopedatMITinthe1960'stoclarifytheadvantagesoftakinganintegratedapproachtosupplychainmanagement. Wehavedevelopedthis computerizedversionoftheBeerGametomakeiteasiertoplaytheBeerGame,aswellastoillustratecertainSupplyChainManagementissueswhichcannotbedemonstratedbythetraditional(non-computerized)BeerGame. Thisgameisdistributedwiththetextbook"DesigningandManagingtheSupplyChain"byD.Simchi-Levi,P.Kaminsky,andE.Simchi-Levi.
2.TheScenario
TheBeerGameisasimulation,inwhichyou,theplayer,arefacedwiththefollowingscenario:
Inthisexercise,youwillbefacedwiththefollowingscenario:
Considerasimplifiedbeersupplychain,consistingofasingleretailer,asinglewholesalerwhichsuppliestheretailer,asingledistributorwhichsuppliesthewholesaler,andasinglefactorywithunlimitedrawmaterialswhichmakes(brews)thebeerandsuppliesthedistributor. Eachcomponentinthesupplychainhasunlimitedstoragecapacity,andthereisafixedsupplyleadtimeandorderdelaytimebetweeneachcomponent.
Eachweek,eachcomponentinthesupplychaintriestomeetthedemandofthedownstream
component. Anyorderswhichcannotbemetarerecordedasbackorders,andmetassoonas
possible. Noorderswillbeignored,andallordersmusteventuallybemet. Ateachperiod,eachcomponentinthesupplychainischargeda$1.00shortagecostperbackordereditem. Also,ateachperiod,eachcomponentownstheinventoryatthatfacility. Inaddition,thewholesalerownsinventoryintransittotheretailer,andthedistributorownsinventoryintransittothewholesaler,andthefactoryownsbothitemsbeingmanufacturedanditemsintransittothedistributor. Eachlocation.ischarged$.50inventoryholdingcostperinventoryitemthatitowns. Also,eachsupplychainmemberorderssomeamountfromitsupstreamsupplier. Ittakesoneweekforthisordertoarriveatthesupplier. Oncetheorderarrives,thesupplierattemptstofillitwithavailableinventory,andthereisanadditionaltwoweektransportationdelaybeforethematerialbeingshippedbythesupplierarrivesatthecustomerwhoplacedtheorder.
Thegoaloftheretailer,wholesaler,distributor,andfactory,istominimizetotalcost,eitherindividually,orforthesystem.
3.RunningtheSimulation
NOTE:
WehaveattemptedtomakethecomputerizedversionoftheBeerGamefaithfultotheoriginalversion. Becauseofthis,thesequenceofevents,particularlythoserelatingtoshippingandorderprocessingdelays,isabitcomplicated. Acarefulreadingofthedescriptionbelowwillmakethegameclearerandmoreintuitive.
WhentheBeerGameisstarted,thefollowingscreenappears:
Figure1:
BeerGameInterface
Inthissimulation,youtaketheroleofamanagerofoneofthecomponentsofthebeersupplychain,eithertheretailer,thesupplier,thedistributor,orthefactory.Thiswillbecalledtheinteractiverole. Thecomputertakestheremainingroles. Onthegamedisplay,theinteractiveroleisdisplayedincolor,andtheremainingrolesaredisplayedingray. Also,theinformationfortheinteractiverolesisdisplayedbuttheinformationforotherrolesishidden(withtheexceptionofbackorderatthesupplychainmemberimmediatelyupstreamfromtheinteractivesupplychainmember). Intheexamplescreendisplayedabove,thedistributoristheinteractiverole. Also,bydownstream,wemeanthedirectionofthesupplychainleadingtotheexternaldemand,andbyupstream,wemeaninthedirectionofthefactory. Inaddition,werefertocomponentsofthesupplychainasfacilities.
Orderofevents:
thesimulationisrunasaseriesofweeks. Withineachweek,firsttheretailer,thenthewholesaler,thenthedistributor,andfinallythefactory,executesthefollowingseriesofevents,asthesimulationproceedsupstream:
Step1. ThecontentsofDelay2ismovedtoDelay1,andtheCONTENTSofDelay1ismovedtoinventory. Delay2is0atthispoint.
Step2. Ordersfromtheimmediatedownstreamfacility(orinthecaseoftheretailer,externalcustomers)arefilledtotheextentpossible. Rememberthatanorderconsistsofthecurrentorder,andallaccumulatedbackorders. Remainingorders(equaltocurrentinventoryminusthesumofthecurrentordersandbackorder) arebacklogged,tobemetassoonaspossible. Exceptforretailers,whichshipordersoutsidethesystem,theordersarefilledtotheDelay2locationoftheimmediatedownstreamfacility. Thisisthestartofthetwoweekdelay.
Step3.Inventoryandbackordercostsarecalculated.
Step4. Ordersareplaced. Ifthisistheinteractiverole,theuserindicatesthedesiredorderamount. Ifthisisoneoftheautomaticroles,thecomputerplacesanorderusingoneofseveraltypicalinventorycontrolschemes.
DelaysandOrderFilling:
Notethatthissequenceofeventsimpliesseveralthings. First,onceanupstreamfacilityfillsanorder,thereisatwoperioddelaybeforethismaterialcanbeusedtofilladownstreamorder. Also,thereisaoneperiodorderdelay. Thismeansthatif,forexample,theretailerplacesanorderfor5unitsinthisperiod,thewholesalerdoesnotevenattempttofilltheorderuntilnextperiod. Thisperiod,thewholesalerattemptstofilltheorderfromthepreviousperiod. Thiscanbeconsideredaoneperiodorderprocessinglag. Thus,thereisatotalofthreeperiodsofdelaysbetweenwhenafacilityplacesandorder,andwhentheresultsofthatorderarriveininventory.
Also,recallthatthereisnoguaranteethatanorderwillbemet,evenwiththatthreeperiodlag. Anupstreamsuppliercanonlyfillanorderifithasthenecessaryinventory.Otherwise,itwillbacklogthatorder,andattempttofillitassoonaspossible. Theexceptiontothisisthefactory. Thereisnoproductioncapacitylime,sothefactory'sorderwillalwaysbefilledinitsentiretyaftertheappropriatedelay.
4.UnderstandingtheScreen
Eachfacilityinthesupplychainisrepresentedonthedisplay. Asanexample,theDistributorisdisplayedbelow:
Ontheleft,thenumberofitemsininventoryisdisplayed. Thenexttwoelements(goingfromlefttoright)representitemsintransittoinventory,thatis,thenumbersintheboxlabeledDelay1representthenumberofitemswhichwillarriveininventoryinoneweek,andsimilarlyforDelay2. Theboxontherightlists
(1)thetotalinventoryandshortagecostuptothecurrenttime;
(2)thebackorder,thatis,thedemandswhichhavebeenreceivedatthisfacility,butnotyetmetduetolackofinventory;and(3)themostrecentorderplacedbythisfacility,inthisexampletheDistributor,toitsupstreamfacility,inthisexampletheFactory.
Notethatinthiscase,backorderreferstoordersreceivedbytheDistributor notyetmetfrominventory. TofindouttheordersplacedbytheDistributorwhichhavebeenbacklogged,thatis,notyetmetbythefactory,checkthebackorderattheFactory. Also,theboxrecentorderdisplayedhererepresentsthemostrecentordersentbytheDistributortotheFactory. Thereisaoneweeklagbeforethisorderarrivesattheupstreamsupplier.
5.PlayingtheGame
Tostartthegame,selectStartfromthePlaymenu,orpushthestartbuttononthetoolbar. Thecomputerwillautomaticallyplaythefirstroundfortheautomaticfacilitiesdownstreamfromtheinteractivefacility. Forexample,iftheDistributoristheinteractivefacility,thecomputerwillplayfortheRetailerandtheWholesaler,inthatorder.Oncethisiscompleted,thefirstroundfortheinteractivefacilityisplayed. Stepsoneandtwo(advanceinventoriesandfillorders,describedinthesectionlabeledOrderofActivities)arecompleted. Atthispoint,inventorynumbersareupdatedonthescreen,andtheOrderEntrydialogboxappears.Thescreenlooksasfollows:
Figure2:
Thefirstroundofthegame
Examinethisscreenindetail. Recall(youcanseethisfromthepreviousscreenshot,onpage2)thattheinitialinventorywas4,andbothDelay1and Delay2contained4units. Thisholdstrueforeachofthesupplychainfacilities.Now,stepsoneandtwohavebeencompleted. AsyoucanseefromtheOrderEntrydialogbox,thereisinitiallynobackorderandnoorderfromtheWholesaler. Sincethestartinginventorywas8(theinitial4plus4fromDelay1),8remainininventory. Delay2isnowempty. Thisisthefirstround,sotherearenopreviousordersfromtheDistributortotheFactory,sotherecentorderboxread0. However,itthiswasalaterround,andtherewasaorderplacedbytheDistributortotheFactory inthepreviousround,itwouldappearintherecentorderbox.
TheOrderEntrydialogboxindicateshowmuchtotalbackorderandorderwasfacedbytheinteractiveplayer(again,inourexample,theDistributor)inthisround,andhowmuchofitwassuccessfullyfilled.Notethatthebackorderbox(indicatedbyanarrowinthefigureabove)ontherightsideofthescreenindicatesthecurrentlevelofbackorder,whilethisdialogboxshowsthelevelofbackorderatthebeginningofthisround,beforetheplayer(inthiscase,theDistributor)attemptedtofilldownstreamorders(inthiscase,fromtheWholesaler). Atthispoint,enterademandamount. Thiscanbezero,oranyotherinteger. Rememberthatyouaretryin
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- Beer Game 啤酒游戏 啤酒 游戏
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)