高三英语语法复习之非谓语动词.docx
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高三英语语法复习之非谓语动词.docx
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高三英语语法复习之非谓语动词
2013届高三英语语法复习之非谓语动词
PartI动词ing形式
一、形式:
一般式doing;beingdone
完成式havingdone;havingbeendone(只作状语)
二、功能:
(一)作主语
Seeingisbelieving.
Itisnousecryingthere.
(Itisnouse/nogood/ofnouse/awasteoftime/greatfun+doingsth.)
(二)作表语
Herjobisgivingpianolessonstochildren.
Thelectureisveryinteresting.
(三)作宾语
Youcan’timagineworkingwithatoughboss.
allow,appreciate;avoid;delay,enjoy;escape;finish;forbid,imagine;mind;miss;permit,practise,prevent,risk,stop,suggest,…
giveup;insiston;keep(on);feellike,…
(四)作宾语或主语的补足语
Youkeptmewaitingfornearlytwohoursoutside.
Hewascaughtsmokingagain.
catch/keep/leave+sb/sth.+doing
lookat/see/listento/hear等感官动词+sb/sth.+doing
(五)作定语
Heiswearinganewswimmingsuit.
(表功能、性质)
IknowtheboyswimmingwithJane.
(表动作正在进行)
(六)作状语
Seeingtheredlight,hestopped.
(When/Assoonashesawtheredlight,hestopped.)
Havingseenitseveraltimes,hefelthewouldneverforgetit.
(After/Because/Ashehadseenitseveraltimes,hefelthewouldneverforgetit.)
Havingbeenremindedseveraltimes,heseldommadethesamemistake.
(Afterhehadbeenremindedseveraltimes,heseldommadethesamemistake.)
(七)作独立成分
*generallyspeaking(一般地说)
*strictlyspeaking(严格地说)
*judgingfrom/by...(从……来判断
*talkingof...(说到……)
*considering...(考虑到……)
*supposing...(假定……)等
PartII不定式
一.形式:
一般式todo,tobedone
进行式tobedoing
完成式tohavedone,tohavebeendone
二.功能:
(一)主语:
1)ToknowaboutEnglishisonething;toknowEnglishisquiteanother.
2)Whenandwheretoholdthemeetingisnotknownyet.
3)It’simportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.
结构:
itis+adj./n.+todo…
Adj.-easy,difficult,possible,impossible,right,wrong,safe,interesting,lucky…
n.-apity,agoodhabit,one’sduty/responsibility…
(二)表语:
1)Toseeistobelieve.
2)Theimportantthinginlifeistohaveagreataim,andthedeterminationtoattainit.
(三)宾语:
1)Hepromisedtotellmethetruthlater.
*afford,agree,ask,expect,fail,hope,pretend,prepare,promise,refuse,wish,….
2)Idon’tknowwhattodonext.
*decide,discover,forget,know,learn,remember,see,wonder
*!
Becautiousaboutthefollowing“to”
addressoneselfto
be/getusedto
contributeto
devoteoneselfto
getdownto认真地静下心(工作)
objectto
payattentionto
prefer…to…
taketodoing沉溺于
3)*want,require,need+?
*beworth/beworthyof+?
4)后面二者都可以用的词,区别是什么?
*remember/forget/regret
*goon/stop
*try/mean
*can’thelp
*allow/permit/forbid(doing做宾语;todo做宾补:
allowsb.todo)
*begin/start/hate/like/love/prefer
Tryout:
Likemanyotheryoungpeopleweprefer___(eat)out.Wehate___(waste)time____(prepare)foodinthekitchen.Butthisweekend,weprefer___(cook)athome.
(eating;towaste/wasting;preparing;tocook)
(四)作宾语补足语:
1)Sheaskedmetostaythere.
●advise,allow,ask,beg,drive,forbid,force,encourage,invite,order,permit,persuade,require,request,
Butnot:
demandsb.todo(Wrong)
hopesb.todo(Wrong)
suggestsb.todo(Wrong)
2)Imademybrothercarrymysuitcase.
●get,have,let,make?
Tryout:
*Henry,canyouletme___(make)myowndecision?
(make)
*Canyouhaveyoursecretary___(send)meacopyortwotomyofficerightaway?
(send)
*Don’tworry.Iwillhaveastudent___(fix)yourcomputer.
(tofix)
*Howcanyouhaveaseven-year-old___(work)onhislessonsthewholeday?
(working)
*Hehadhishand___(catch)whenheclosedthedoor.
(caught)
*Youshouldgetyourfriend___(help)you.
(tohelp)
*Canyouget/havetheclock___(go)again?
(going)
Butinthepassivevoice:
Mybrotherwasmadetocarrymysuitcase.
Whatabout“send”and“set”?
Thegunshotsentallthebirdsflying.
Thissetthealarmbellsringing:
theworldisfacedwithenergycrisis.
3)IliketolistentothebirdssingwhenIgetupearlyinthemorning.
4)Ifoundthem____(play)ontheplaygroundwhenIwentby.IwasinahurrysoIdidn’twatchthem____(play)football.
(playing;play)
?
anydifferencebetween
感官动词+do
感官动词+doing
●watch,see,notice,lookat,hear,listento,feel,observe
(在被动语态中不能省略to)
(五)作定语
1)Ihavealotofbookstoread.
2)Let’sfindamorecomfortablehousetolivein.
3)Hewillbethenextpersontogo.
(thefirst/last/next/only+n.+todo
the形容词最高级+n.+todo)
5)Theabilitytoexpressanideaisasimportantastheideaitself.
Idon’thavethepatiencetodealwiththesechildren.
(ability,attempt,decision,promise,wish,plan,chance,effort,means,right,ability,patience,willingness…)
6)Ifthebuildingproject_____(complete)bytheendofthismonthisdelayed,theconstructioncompanywillbefined.
(tobecompleted)
(六)作状语
1)Helenhadtoshouttomakeherselfheardabovethesoundofthemusic.
(目的状语)
soasto…(不在句首)/inorderto…/to…(区别)
2)Hehurriedtothestation(only)tofindthatthetrainhadleft.
(结果状语)
3)一些特殊的结构:
*Hecamesoearlyastocatchthefirstbus.
*Iamnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.
*too…to…结构
e.g.
Iamtootiredtowalkanymoretonight.
Iwasonly/but/simply/justtoopleasedtohelpyou.
Wearealltoosatisfiedtotakeyouradvice.
(only/buttooglad,pleased,ready,willing很高兴、乐意做…)
Youcanneverbetoocarefultodrive.
(canneverbetoocarefultodo再怎么仔细、小心也不为过)
(七)做独立成分:
*Totell(you)thetruth,hehastonsofmoney.
*Tobeginwith,workfillsagoodmanyhoursoftheday.
*Tospeakfrankly,shedoesn’tworkashardasIdo.
三.不定式的主动、被动;一般式、进行式、完成式:
1)Ihope_____(see)yousoon.
(tosee)
2)Idon’twant____(talk)about.
(tobetalked)
But:
3)Heisnowhere______(find)(哪里也找不到;无处可找).
(tobefound)
4)Noneofusis_____(blame)(该为……受指责)forthat.
(toblame)
5)Thebookisdifficult______(understand).
(tounderstand)
*****
6)Heisconsidered_____(invent)thefirstcomputer.
(tohaveinvented)
7)Thecomputerisconsidered_____(invent)byhim.
(tohavebeeninvented)
8)Hepretended____(sleep)whenhismothercameintohisroom.
(tobesleeping)
9)Hepretended_____(fall)asleepwhenhismothercameintohisroom.
(tohavefallen)
sb./sth.+happentodo/tobedoing/tohavedone
sb./sth.+seem/appeartodo/…/…
sb./sth.+besaid/reported/thoughttodo/…/…)
****
10)Iintended_____(go)toPairs,butIwasill.
=IhadintendedtogotoParis,butIwasill.
(plan,expect,mean,intend,hope…)
以上动词的过去式+tohavedone=haddonetodo本打算/指望做,但是没有做
四.不定式符号to的省略与保留
1)省略不定式,保留to
●---Wouldyouliketocometomybirthday?
●---Yes,I’dloveto.
●---Areyouonholiday?
---No,butI’dliketo.
●---Ididn’ttellhimthenews.
---Oh,yououghtto(havedoneso).
2)but后面的不定式
(1)Wehadnochoicebuttokeepsilent.
(2)Wecandonothingbutwaitpatiently.
*cannotchoosebut/cannothelpbut/cannotbutdo
PartIII过去分词
一、形式:
done
二、功能:
(一)作表语
Iaminterestedinbiology.
interested/interesting;inspired/inspiring…
(二)作定语
Fromherexcitedvoicewebelievedshehadreallyenjoyedherself.
excited/frightened/satisfied/surprised等修饰voice/look/expression等
Ilikewalkingonstreetscoveredwithfallenleaves.
(及物动词的过去分词表被动、完成;不及物动词的过去分词表完成)
(三)作状语
Seenfromthetopofthebuilding,thecarslookliketoys.
(和句子的主语在逻辑上是动宾的关系)
PartIV独立主格结构
带有自己独立主语的非谓语动词结构或介词短语叫做独立主格,在句子中担当状语。
e.g.
Weatherpermitting,we’llgooutforawalk.
Homeworkfinished,theboywentouttoplay.
Theexamtobeheldtomorrow,Ican’tgotothecinematonight.
Ourlessonsbeingover,wewenttoplayfootball.
Hecameoutofthelibrary,withabookunderhisarm.
Theypretendedtobeworkingallnightwiththeirlightson.
Shehadtowalkhomewithherbikestolen.
Ican’tgoouttoplaywithsomuchhomeworktodo.
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- 关 键 词:
- 英语语法 复习 谓语 动词