考博英语202.docx
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考博英语202.docx
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考博英语202
考博英语-202
(总分:
100.00,做题时间:
90分钟)
一、ReadingComprehension(总题数:
0,分数:
0.00)
二、Passage1(总题数:
1,分数:
15.00)
AstronautJimVosshasenjoyedmanymemorablemomentsinhiscareer,includingthreespaceflightsandonespacewalk.Butherecallswithspecialfondnessadecidedlyearthbound(为地球引力所束缚的)experienceinthesummerof1980,whenheparticipatedintheNASA-ASEESummerFacultyFellowshipProgram.Voss,thenascienceteacheratWestPoint,wasassignedtotheMarshallSpaceFlightCenter"spropulsion(推进)labinAlabamatoanalyzewhyahydraulicfuelpumpsealonthespaceshuttlewasworkingsowellwhenprevioussealshadfailed.Itwasaseeminglytinyproblemamongthevastcomplexitiesofrunningthespaceprogram.YetitwasimportanttoNASAbecauseanycrackinthesealscouldhaveledtodestructiveresultsfortheastronautswhoreliedonthem.
"IworkedabitwithNASAengineers,"saysVoss,"butIdiditmostlybyanalysis.Iusedahandheldcalculator,notacomputer,todoathermodynamic(热力学)analysis."Attheendofthesummer,he,liketheotherNASA-ASEEfellowsworkingatMarshall,summarizedhisfindingsinaformalpresentationanddetailedpaper.ItwasavaluablemomentforVossbecausetheASEEprogramgavehimaddedunderstandingofNASA,deepenedhisdesiretoflyinspace,andintensifiedhisapplicationforastronautstatus.
Itwasnotaneasyprocess.Vosswasactuallypassedoverwhenhefirstappliedfortheastronautprogramin1978.Overthenextnineyearshereappliedrepeatedly,andwasfinallyacceptedin1987.Sincethenhehasparticipatedinthreespacemissions.The50year-oldArmyofficer,wholivesinHouston,isnowintrainingforafour-monthmissionasacrewmemberontheInternationalSpaceStationstartinginJuly2000.
VosssaystheASEEprogramiswonderfulforallinvolved."ItbringsinpeoplefromtheacademicworldandgivesNASAaspecialpropertyforaparticularperiodoftime.ItbringssomefresheyesandfreshideastoNASA,andestablishesalinkwithourcollegesanduniversities,"Vossexplains."Thereisanexchangeofinformationandanexchangeofperspectivesthatisveryimportant."
Fortheacademicside,Vosssays,theASEEprogramalso"bringsinstitutionsofhigherlearningmoreinsightintonewtechnology.Wegivethemanopportunitytoworkonreal-worldproblemsandtakeitbacktotheclassroom."(分数:
15.00)
(1).Whywasthehydraulicfuelpumpsealimportantforthespaceshuttle?
(分数:
3.00)
A.Becauseprevioussealsallfailed
B.Becauseitwasverycomplexinrunningthespaceprogram
C.Becausegreatcarehastobetakenofthehydraulicfuelpumpsealing
D.Becauseanycrackinthesealswouldcausedisastrousresultsfortheastronauts √
解析:
[解析]该题的答案见第一段的最后一句:
YetitwasimportanttoNASAbecauseanycrackinthesealscouldhaveledtodestructiveresultsfortheastronautswhoreliedonthem.(但是,这对美国航空航天局来说很重要,因为密封蜡一旦破裂,将给航天飞机上的宇航员带来灾难性的后果。
)句中的it指的是上文提到的Voss在这个项目中的任务,即分析航天飞机上的液体燃料泵这次为什么没出问题,而以前用的为什么出了问题。
(2).ThegreatsignificanceofVoss"sfindingsliesin______.
Ⅰ.strengtheninghisdeterminationtojoininspaceflights
Ⅱ.furtheringhisunderstandingofNASA
Ⅲ.consolidatinghisastronautstatusinNASAprograms(分数:
3.00)
A.Ⅰonly
B.Ⅱonly
C.Ⅰ,ⅡandⅢallincluded
D.ⅠandⅡonly √
解析:
[解析]该题的答案为第二段的最后一句ItwasavaluablemomentforVossbecausetheASEEprogramgavehimaddedunderstandingofNASA,deepenedhisdesiretoflyinspace,andintensifiedhisapplicationforastronautstatus.这句话很直接地告诉我们因为参与了ASEE项目,Voss加深了对NASA的了解,加强了他参与太空飞行的愿望,使他更想申请做一名宇航员。
这与Ⅰ,Ⅱ的含义相符。
该句还传达了另一条信息:
Voss当时还不是宇航员,因此还谈不上要“巩固”这一地位,据此我们可以排除Ⅲ。
故D项为正确答案。
(3).HowmanyflightswillVosshavefinishedifhisfour-monthmissionstartinginJuly2000endsupsuccessfully?
(分数:
3.00)
A.Three
B.Two
C.Four √
D.Five
解析:
[解析]回答该题应注意问题中的动词时态“将来完成时”,其意思为:
如果开始于2000年7月长达4个月的太空项目能顺利结束的话,Voss一共飞行了多少次?
根据第三段中Sincethenhehasparticipatedinthreespacemissions.我们得知Voss过去已经完成了三次飞行,故答案应为C项。
(4).WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtowhatVosssaidontheASEEprogram?
(分数:
3.00)
A.Freshmembersfromtheacademicworldparticipateintheprogram
B.TheprogrambringsnewoutlookstoNASAspaceprograms
C.Itisimportantforthespacescientiststoexchangeinformationandperspectives
D.AmericancollegesanduniversitiesareaspecialpropertyofNASA √
解析:
[解析]该题的答案见第四段Voss所说的话:
ItbringsinpeoplefromtheacademicworldandgivesNASAaspecialpropertyforaparticularperiodoftime.文中的it指的就是上文所说的theASEEprogram。
Voss认为,ASEE项目对所有参与者都有好处,这个项目将学术界的人聚集在一起,在一定时间内,这些人成为NASA的一份特殊的财富。
ASEE给予NASA的财富是来自学术界的人,而非Americancolleges和universities,因此,除了D项之外,选项A、B和C都可以得到印证。
(5).WhatdoesVosswanttostressinthelastparagraph?
(分数:
3.00)
A.Thetechnologicalsignificanceoftheprogram
B.Theeducationalsignificanceoftheprogram √
C.Thephilosophicalsignificanceoftheprogram
D.Thehistoricalsignificanceoftheprogram
解析:
[解析]该题的答案见最后一段中Voss的评价:
对学术界来说,ASEE项目也让高校对新技术获得了更多的认识,这给高校的人提供了解决现实问题的机会,并将这些认识带回课堂。
可见,参与这个项目对Voss这样的教师来说无疑具有很重要的实践意义。
故B项正确。
三、Passage2(总题数:
1,分数:
15.00)
ThecurrentemergencyinMexicoCitythathastakenoverourlivesisnothing.Icouldeverhaveimaginedformeormychildren.Wearelivinginanenvironmentalcrisis,anair-pollutionemergencyofunprecedentedseverity.Whatitreallymeansisthatjusttobreathehereistoplayadangerousgamewithyourhealth.
Asparents,whatterrorizesusmostisreportsthatchildrenareathigherriskbecausetheybreathemoretimesperminute.Whatmorecanwedotoprotectthemandourselves?
Ourpediatrician"s(儿科医师的)medicalrecommendationwassimple:
abandonthecitypermanently.Weareforeignersandweareamongthesmallminoritythatcanaffordtoleave.Weareherebecauseofmyhusband"swork.WearefascinatedbyMexico—itshistoryandrichculture.Weknowthatforus,thisisatemporarydanger.However,wecannotstandformuchlongerthefearwefeelforourboys.Wecannotstopthemfrombreathing.
Butformillions,thereisnochoice.Theirlives,theirjobs,theirfuturesdependonbeinghere.ThousandsofMexicansarriveeachdayinthiscity,desperateforeconomicopportunities.Thousandsmorearebornhereeachday.Entirefamiliesworkinthestreetsandpracticallylivethere.Itisafamiliarsight:
asparentshawkgoodsatstoplights,theirchildrenplayinthegrassyhighwaydividers,breathingexhaustfumes.Ifeelguiltycomplainingaboutmypersonalsituation.Wewon"tbeherelongenoughforourchildrentoformtheimpressionthatskiesarecoloredonlygray.
Andyetthegovernmentcannotdowhatitmusttoendthisproblem.Foranycountry,especiallyadevelopingThirdWorldeconomylikeMexico,theideaofbarringfromthecapitalcityenoughcars,closingenoughfactoriesandspendingthenecessarybillionsonpublictransportationissimplynotanoption.Sowhenthingsgetbad,asinthecurrentemergency,Mexicotakeshalfmeasures—prohibitingsomemorecarsfromcirculating,stoppingsomefactoriesfromproducing—thatevenitsownofficialsconcedearen"tadequate.
Theword"emergency"impliestheunusual.Butwhendailylifeitselfisanemergency,theconceptlosesitsmeaning.Itishumannaturetotrytoadapttothatwhichwecannotchange.Ortomisleadourselvesintobelievingwecanadapt.(分数:
15.00)
(1).Accordingtothepassage,thecurrentemergencyinMexicoCityrefersto______.(分数:
3.00)
A.seriousairpollution √
B.economiccrisis
C.unemployment
D.naturaldisaster
解析:
[解析]该题答案见第一段:
Thecurrentemergency…Wearelivinginanenvironmentalcrisis,anair-pollutionemergencyofunprecedentedseverity.(目前……我们正生活在一场前所未有的空气污染,环境危机的紧急状态。
)很明显,作者在第一句话里提到的currentemergency即指air-pollutionemergencyofunprecedentedseverity,与选项A同义。
(2).WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
(分数:
3.00)
A.Kidsareingreaterdangerthangrown-upsinMexicoCity
B.TheauthorisnotanativeMexican
C.Theauthor"shusbandisapediatrician √
D.TheMexicanhistoryandcultureappealtotheauthor
解析:
[解析]该题答案见第二段的首句:
Asparents,whatterrorizesUSmostisreportsthatchildrenareathigherriskbecausetheybreathemoretimesperminute.句中that从句为前面reports一词的同位语,说明报告的具体内容。
原文第二段还提到:
Weareforeignersandweareamongthesmallminoritythatcanaffordtoleave;WearefascinatedbyMexico—itshistoryandrichculture,其中fascinate(强烈地吸引,把……迷住)即等同于attract。
这表明选项A、B和D不正确。
尽管作者在文中也提到她丈夫:
Weareherebecauseofmyhusband"swork.却没有提及丈夫的具体工作,故选项C正确。
(3).Theword"hawk"(Paragraph3)mostprobablymeans______.(分数:
3.00)
A.sell √
B.transport
C.place
D.deliver
解析:
[解析]回答该题要注意对上下文的理解。
hawk一词出现在第三段:
Itisafamiliarsight:
asparentshawkgoodsatstoplights,theirchildrenplayinthegrassyhighwaydividers,breathingexhaustfumes.上文提到,数以百万计的墨西哥人无处可逃,只能在如此恶劣的环境里生存,紧接着描述了以上这一幕街头常见情景。
根据常识和句义可以推知:
父母是在红灯亮起而去(向司机或车上的人)兜售东西,这时候,孩子们则在马路中间的隔离草坪上玩耍,呼吸着汽车排出的废气。
故hawk一词的意思应为“兜售,销售”,与sell同义。
(4).TheMexicangovernmenttakeshalfmeasurestosolvethepollutionproblembecause______.(分数:
3.00)
A.Mexicaneconomydependsverymuchoncarsandfactories √
B.itisnotwiseenoughtocomeupwitheffectivemeasures
C.Mexicansareabletoadaptthemselvestothecurrentemergency
D.Mexicansenjoyplayingdangerousgameswiththeirhealth
解析:
[解析]该题答案见第四段:
...especiallyadevelopingThirdWorldeconomylikeMexico,theideaofbarringfromthecapitalcityenoughcars,closingenoughfactoriesandspendingthenecessarybillionsonpublictransportationissimplynotanoption.(政府无法采取应有的措施来解决这个问题,因为对于像墨西哥这样一个第三世界发展中国家来说,禁止首都拥有过量的汽车、关闭一些工厂、花数十亿元用于改善公共交通,这不只是一个选择问题)。
所以,当情况变得严峻时,墨西哥政府仅采取力所能及的措施:
“prohibitingsomemorecarsfromcirculating,stoppingsomefactoriesfromproducing”(限制车辆的流动,让某些工厂停产)。
虽然他们自己都认为这些措施是远远不够的,但为了发展经济也只能如此。
据此可以推断:
汽车、工厂对墨西哥的经济是至关重要的,故选项A正确。
(5).Thepurposeofthepassa
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