高级中学高中英语人教版必修五学案Unit 1 Learning about languageusing language.docx
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高级中学高中英语人教版必修五学案Unit 1 Learning about languageusing language.docx
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高级中学高中英语人教版必修五学案Unit1Learningaboutlanguageusinglanguage
新课程标准高中英语必修五Unit1
Learningaboutlanguage,usinglanguage
一、学习目标
1.理解泛读语篇Copernicus’revolutionarytheory
请同学们思考如下问题
①Whatarethedifferencesbetweenthetwotheoriesoftheuniversementionedinthetext?
②WhydidCopernicushidehistheoryforsomanyyears?
Giveyourreasons.
2.掌握该部分材料的语言知识。
二、知识重难点
1.词汇
cautious,reject,backwards,arise,contribute
2.句型
①Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.
②YetCopernicus’theoryisnowthebasisonwhichallourideasoftheuniversearebuilt.
3.短语ratherthan
三、知识梳理(重点单词和短语)
1.ignore—v忽视,不理
例:
Ignorethoseboysandtheywillsoonstopmisbehaving.
别理会那些男孩,他们过一会儿就不闹了.
思维拓展:
ignorance(ofsth)(对某事物)无知
ignorant(ofsth)无知的,愚昧的,没有学识的,不知道的
例:
Weareincompleteignoranceofyourplan.
我们对你的计划一无所知.
Heisnotstupid,butignorant.
他并不愚蠢,只是无知罢了.
2.cautious–adj小心的,谨慎的
例:
acautiousdriver谨慎的司机
cautiousofstrangers提防陌生人
常用结构:
becautiousabout/with/of小心的,谨慎的
例:
Hewascautiouswhenhewasridingthebicycle.
当他骑自行车的时候,他很小心。
Shewascautiousofstrangers.
她对陌生人很警惕。
3.reject-v拒绝接受
例:
rejectagift拒绝接受一份礼物
arejectedcandidate遭到拒绝的候选人
4.backwards-adv
①向后
例:
Helookedbackwardsoverhisshoulder.他回头向后看
②倒着,颠倒
例:
Itisnoteasytorunbackwards.倒着跑不容易
5.arise-v呈现,出现,发生
例:
Anewdifficultyhasarisen.出现了新困难
Usethemoneywhentheneedarises.有需要时就使用这笔钱.
易混辨析:
raiserisearise和lift
raise(vt.)(raised,raised)①举起,抬起,使升起,说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其他事物的。
②饲养,养大=keep
例:
Hisspeechraisedmyinterest.
他的讲话吸引了我.
常用短语:
raiseasubject提出一个问题
raiseone’svoice提高嗓门
raiseafamily养家糊口
raisemoney=collectmoney筹款
raiseprice提高价格
raiseone’sspirits打起精神
raisefish/chicken养鸡/养鱼
rise(vi.)(rose,risen)升起,上升,起立,说明主语自身移向较高的位置,如;自然界的日月星辰雾云的上升,人体从睡,跪,坐,躺等姿势站立起来。
不能跟宾语,不能用于被动语态;
arise(arose,arisen)[vi.]
发生,出现,呈现,
常用结构:
ariseoutof/from因某物而产生,造成,引起
例:
Thesearetheproblemsarisingoutofthelackofcommunication.
这是因缺乏交流而出现的问题。
lift(vt.)举起,是用力举起的意思。
例:
Theboyliftedthestoneatlast.Salarieshavenowbeenraised..
薪水现在已经增加了。
Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.
太阳东升西落。
6.makesense
①有意义,有道理,讲得通
例:
Whatyousaymakesnosense.你说的话没有道理.
②是明智的,是和情理的
Itdoesnotmakesensetobuythatexpensivecoatwhenthesecheaperonesarejustasgood.
这些大衣也很好,何必非买那件贵的不可.
常用短语:
makesenseof理解;弄懂
cometoone’ssense苏醒过来
outofone’ssense发疯
innosense决不
ina/somesense从某种意义上说
talksense说话有道理
asenseofhumour幽默感
Thereisnosenseindoingsth.做某事是没有意义的/作用的.
7.contribute-v捐赠;贡献;投稿;提供
常用短语:
contributeto有助于;有益于;促成
makeacontributionto/towards…,对……作贡献
例:
EveryoneshouldcontributethreedollarstotheRedCross.
每位工人捐了3美元给红十字会。
Everyoneshouldcontributewhatheorshecanafford.
人人都应该尽自己的能力作贡献。
I’vebeenaskedtocontributeanarticletothelanguagemagazine.
有人请我给那份语言杂志撰篇稿。
Freshairandexercisecontributetogoodhealth.
新鲜空气和锻炼有益于健康。
Hemadeanoutstandingcontributiontoscience.
他对科学作出了卓越的贡献。
四、知识点拨
1.易混内容
⑴onlyif…——①
ifonly…——②
⑵reject—v
refuse—v
deny—v
2.指点迷津
⑴①表示只要,只有,用于句首,后接从句,其主句要求部分倒装;
②表示但愿,要是…就好了,用于表示对现在或将来的愿望或与过去事实相反的愿望,引导的句子用虚拟语气.
例:
Onlyiftheredlightcomesonisthereanydangertoemployees.
只要红灯一亮,就表示有危及职工的险情.
Ifonlyhehadrememberedtobuysomefruit.
他当时要是记得买些水果该多好.
Ifonlyitwouldstopraining.
真希望雨能停.
⑵reject
表示拒不接受不适当、不满足或厌恶的东西,如建议、计划、赠物、求婚、正义、忠告等,语气最强有时还含有“抛弃;剔除”等意思。
只可接名词,主语只能是人。
refuse
是普通用语,指坚决、果断甚至粗暴地对别人的要求、请求、引诱或帮助加以拒绝,后接名词、代词或不定式,主语可以是人或物。
decline
常指婉转的拒绝,近似汉语的谢绝,多表示对他人的邀请或提供的帮助谢绝。
在与不定式连用时相当于一般的“拒绝”,可与refuse通用。
例:
Herejectedtheirinvitationpoint-blank.
他直截了当地拒绝了他们的邀请。
Sherefusedhisoffer.
她拒绝了他的提议。
ThebigclockrefusedtowelcometheNewYear.
这只大钟不愿迎接新年。
Weaskedhimtocometoourparty,buthedeclined(theinvitation).
我们请他来赴宴,但他谢绝了。
Hedeclinedtoanswerthequestion.
他拒绝回答那个问题。
(可用refuse)
五、知识拓展
Copernicus'life
Manythoughthewascrazy.Othersthoughthewasagenius.Someeventhoughthewasthedevil.Thisman'snamewasNicolausCopernicus.Thismanunderstoodimportantthingsaboutourworld,oursolarsystem,andouruniverse. NicolasCopernicuswasborninTorun,Poland,onFebruary19,1473.Hewastheyoungestoffourchildren. WhenNicolauswasayoungboy,just10yearsold,hisfatherdied.Heandhisbrothersandsisterswerebroughtupbyhisuncle,aprince-bishop(中世纪采邑之主教),sohehadtheadvantageofbeingabletogetafirst-classeducation.in1491,NicolauswenttotheUniversityofKrakow.TheuniversitywasoneofthegreatestinEuropeatthetime. Nicolauslatersaidthathisstudiesatthatuniversitychangedhislife.Attheuniversity,hestudiedLatin,math,astronomy,geography,andphilosophy.
Copernicusplacedthesuninthecenterofthesystemandmadetheearthaplanettravelingaroundthesun.Todayitishardtoimagineoursolarsystemanyotherway,butinhistimeCopernicus'sideawasearthshaking.
ItoccurredtoCopernicusasearlyas1507,thattablesofplanetarypositionscouldbecalculatedmoreeasilyifitwereassumedthatthesun,ratherthantheearth,werethecenteroftheuniverse.Thiswouldmeanthattheearthitself,alongwiththeotherplanets,wouldhavetobeconsideredasmovingthroughspaceandrevolvingaboutthesun.Thiswasnotanewidea.Amongtheancients,Aristarchus(阿里斯塔耳科斯)hadsuggestedthenotion,andnotmanyyearsbeforethetimeofCopernicus,NicholasofCusa(尼哥拉)hadmadeasimilarsuggestion.
Copernicuswastodomorethansuggest,however.Beginningin1512,hesetaboutworkingoutthesysteminfullmathematicaldetailinordertodemonstratehowplanetarypositionscouldbecalculatedonthisnewbasis.Asitturnedout,theCopernicansystemexplainedsomeofthepuzzlingmotionsoftheplanets.TheorbitofVenus(金星),accordingtothenewsystem,wouldnaturallynevertaketheplanetfartherthanacertaindistancefromthesun,asviewedfromtheearth,becausetheorbitoftheplanetlayclosertothesunthandidtheorbitsoftheearth.Ontheotherhand,sincetheearthwouldhavetobeconsideredastravelinginasmallerorbitthanthoseofMars,Jupiter(木星),andSaturn(土星),itwouldperiodicallyovertakethoseplanetsandcausethemtoappeartobemovingbackwardinthesky.
In1616thechurchbannedhisbookRevolutionsbecauseitcontradicted(与……发生冲突)theacceptednotionthatGodplacedtheEarthinthecenteroftheuniverse.Eventhoughthosewhoknewofhisworkconsideredhisideadangerous,Revolutionsremainedofinteresttootherscientistsformanyyears.Ittookalmosttwohundredyearsforhisconceptofasun-centeredsystemtoreachthegeneralpublic.WhatCopernicussetoutinhisremarkabletexttrulyrevolutionizedscience.Forthis,Copernicus,aquietdoctorwhomadeatremendousleapofimagination,isconsideredthefatheroftheScientificRevolution.
A组课堂基础练习
重点词汇及拓展
1)_________(n.特征,特性)2)________(adj.科学的)
3)_______(v.分析)4)_______(adj./n.熟练的;专家,行家)
5)_______(n.医生,内科医师)6)_________(vt./n.挑战;向……挑战)
7)__________(n.附近,临近)8)foresee→_______(过去式)→______(过去分词)
9)_______(vt.宣布,通告)________(n.宣布,通告)
10)contribute(vt./vi.捐献,捐助)_________(n.贡献)
11)_______(adj.积极的,肯定的,确实的)12)________(adj.热情的,热心的)
13)________(adj.小心的,谨慎的)14)_______(n.宇宙,世界)
15)_______(adj.严重的,剧烈的,严厉的)
B组课外拓展练习
完型填空:
(1)_______aroundus,wecanseemanyofEdison’sinventions.Theelectricity
(2)_______inourroomsisoneofhisgreatestinventions.Hedevelopedthetelephonewhichringsinourrooms.Recordsplayingsongsandmusicwerealsoinventedbyhim.Inadditiontotheseinventions,healsomadethefirst(3)_______pictures.
Itwasn’talwayseasyforEdison(4)_______newthings.Itwasverydifficultforhimtomakethefirstelectriclights.Heneededtomakehundredsoftests.Atfirst,itwasn’teasyforhimtofindtherightmaterials,butatlasthedid,andtheworldbecamebrighter.
Though(5)_______ineverything,Edisontookinterestinelectricitymostofall.Hewantstoknow(6)_______it.Heworkedveryhardtofindpossiblewaystouseit.
Edison’sexperimentswithelectricity(7)_______theworldgreatly.Today,withgreattrains(8)______onelectricity,wecantravelmuchfaster.Withourhomesandthestreetsoftownandvillage(9)_______byelectriclamps,weliveacomfortablelife.Radioandtelevisionrunonit.Scienceusesiteveryday.
Though(10)_______howtoexplainelectricitynow,wehavelearnedtouseitinmanyways.Records,shininglightsandringingtelephonesareverycommonnow.Edison’sinventionshavekepttheworldwarm.
Fillintheblankswiththebestanswers:
1.A.IflookingB.IflookedC.WhetherlookingD.Whetherlooked
2..A.toshineB.shineC.shiningD.shone
3.A.tomoveB.moveC.movingD.moved
4.A.tofindB.findC.findingD.found
5.A.interestedB.interestingC.interestD.interests
6.A.howtouseB.howusingC.whattouseD.whatusing
7.A.haschangedB.havechangedC.havingchangedD.havebeenchanged
8.A.torunB.ranC.runD.running
9.A.tolightB.lightC.litD.lighting
10.A.notknownB.notknowingC.knownasD.knowingnot
阅读理解:
A
OnenightinFebruary1962,JohnH.Glenn.Jr.,flewoverAustralia.ThemanintheMercury(水星)capsule(宇宙飞行容器)wasalone,butfriendlyvoicesreachedhimbyradio.Onthedarkland100milesbelow,hesawasprinklingoflight.TheymarkedthecityofPerth,wherepeoplehadturnedontheirlightsasagreetingtohim.
InFriendship7,Glennradioed,“Thelightsshowupverywell.Thankforeverybodyforturningthemon.”Hiscapsuleracedontotheeast.
Duringhisthreeorbitsofthee
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