托福听力经典加试.docx
- 文档编号:4363404
- 上传时间:2022-11-30
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:14
- 大小:29.01KB
托福听力经典加试.docx
《托福听力经典加试.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《托福听力经典加试.docx(14页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
托福听力经典加试
托福听力经典加试:
鸟类迁徙Birdmigration
Studenthavingdifficultiesinwritingtermpaper
原文:
Conversation:
termpaperofbirdmigration
ListentoaconversationbetweenastudentandhisBiologyprofessor.
S:
Dr.Russell,IwashopingtodiscussmytermpaperwithyouI'mgettingalittlebitstuckhere.
P:
Ofcourse,so...whatdoyouhavesofar?
What'syourtopic?
S:
Well,Iwantedtowriteaboutbirdmigration,butI'mhavingtroublefindingenoughsources.
P:
You'rehavingtroublefindingsourcesonbirdmigration
S:
No,actually,ontheparticularaspectofbirdmigrationthatIwanttowriteabout.
Thethingis,Iwantedtowritespecificallyonearlytheoriesofbirdmigration...describesomeofthetheories.LikehowAristotlethoughtthatbirdschangedintodifferentspeciesduringthewinter.Orhowothernaturaliststhoughtthatbiggerbirdscarriedsmallerbirdstowarmerspotsforthewintertime.ButI'veonlygotacoupleofbookstoworkwithrightnow.
P:
Hm...Ihavetoadmitthatit'saninterestingtopic,andyoucertainlyseemexcitedbyit.ButrememberItoldyoualltoaskyourselveshowyourtopicisgoingtohelpyoushowthatyoucanapplywhatyou'velearnedthissemester.AsummaryordescriptionisnotreallywhatI'mlookingforasmuchasyouranalysisofacertaintopic.
S:
Iguessit'snotreallywhatwe'resupposedtodo,huh
P:
Right.So,howaboutwethinkaboutsomeotherideasforyourpaper.Imeanyoudon'tneedtodiscardtheideacompletely...but...takeareallydifferentfocus.Um...forexample...youcouldpresentwhatyouthinkaresomereasons-therationale-behindsomeoftheerroneoustheoriesearlynaturalistshad.But,you'llbesupportingyourviewswithcurrentresearch;thosearethesourcesyou'llneedtoseekout.
S:
Ok,IthinkIseewhatyou'resaying.So,liketoday...todayweknowthatlotsofsmallbirdsmigrateatnight,butmaybe`causepeopledidn'tseethem-didn'tseethesmallbirdsmigrating-theyonlysawbiggerbirds,likegeesemigratingduringtheday.Theythoughtthatthebigbirdswerecarryingthesmallonesundertheirwings.
P:
Thereyougo!
That'sexactlywhatImean.You'reshowingthatyou'rethinkingaboutthetopic,notjusttellingmewhatyouread.
S:
Ok,IalsohaveareallycoolexampleofamigratorybirdthatI'dliketodiscussinmypaper.It'stheCommonPoorwill—ImeanitseemsthatsomeOrnithologistsbelievethattheCommonPoorwillreallydoeshibernateinsteadofmigrating-thatit'smaybetheonlybirdthatdoes.
P:
IfIwereyou,Iwouldstickjustwithmigrationresearch.Remember,thisisonlya15-pagepaper.
S:
Ok,Iseeyourpoint.
P:
Butit'sgreatthatyou'refindingthisallsointeresting.Iwantyoutocomebacktoseemeinaweeksowecantakealookatthenewdirectioninyourpaperandevaluatethesourcesyou'vefoundinthemeantime.
中文大意:
MaleStudent:
老师,我想跟你讨论一下我的学期论文。
我卡住了,找不到这方面足够的数据。
)
FemaleProfessor:
Youcan’tfindenoughsourcesonbirdmigration
(语调上扬。
最后一题,重听题的考点。
)
MaleStudent:
Iwantedtowriteontheoriesearlybirdmigration.关于Aristotle对于这个题目的看法等等。
FemaleProfessor:
哦~你确实找到了一个好的题目,但是你要知道我的要求是你们的论文要反映你们这学期学了什么。
不要只是做summaryordescription,我想要看到你的specialanalysis。
MaleStudent:
我想,总结和描述是不够的。
FemaleProfessor:
没错,不如我们想想其他的方向。
其实你不需要完全放弃discard之前找的数据,你可以换种想法,用rational的方式。
可以写现在的新研究(currentresearch)如何支持(support)或者驳斥以前的(historically)oldtheory。
MaleStudent:
我想可以写birdmigrateatnight。
以前人们大多只看到大鸟,所以认为小鸟在大鸟的翅膀下迁徙什么的,其实新发现是,因为小鸟在夜间迁徙,人们看不到。
(通过说这个topic来验证自己理解了老师的意图changethetopicfromancienttorecent)
FemaleProfessor:
对,这正是我说的,你要展示你对这个主题的想法,而不是你读了哪些数据。
MaleStudent:
Iwanttowriteaboutthebirdsthatdonotmigrate.Theyhibernateduringwinter.
FemaleProfessor:
如果我是你,我就不会在一份15页的论文中写这么多。
MaleStudent:
我知道妳的意思了。
FemaleProfessor:
希望你一周内再来找我,看看论文的新的方向(newdirection)进行得如何。
MaleStudent:
好的,谢谢。
题目:
问题一:
Whydoesthestudentgotoseetheprofessor?
答案:
(C)hecannotfindenoughmaterialinwritinghispaper.
问题二:
Howdoestheprofessorhelpthestudent?
答案:
(A)建议学生改变论文方向。
问题三:
Whatinformationwillthemanprobablyincludeinhispaper(choosetwoanswers)
答案:
(B)analysis(D)focusononetopic
问题四:
Whydoesthestudent提到birdsmigrateatnight?
答案:
(A)通过说这个topic来验证自己理解了老师的意图heunderstandswhattheteachersaid.
问题五:
Listenagaintopartoftheconversation.Thenanswerthequestion.
S:
Well,Iwantedtowriteaboutbirdmigration,butI'mhavingtroublefindingenoughsources.
P:
You'rehavingtroublefindingsourcesonbirdmigration
Whatdoestheprofessorimplywhenshesaysthis:
"You'rehavingtroublefindingsourcesonbirdmigration..."
答案:
(B)教授认为找资料很容易
背景知识补充:
这篇听力内容,虽然是一般教授与同学讨论论文内容的长对话,不过值得注意的是,动物迁徒,包括动物、鸟类、昆虫、甚至鱼类等,生物对栖息地迁徒相关内容,一直不断出现在新托福iBT考题中,无论在听、说、读、写都曾出现相关考题,因此备考新托福的同学,应该对动物迁徒有一定的认识。
相关文章:
MigrationBirdsKnowNoBoundaries(鸟类迁徙无边界)
¨Themigrationofbirdsisoneofthemostfascinatingandleastunderstoodeventsinnature.
¨Arcticternsarethechampionsoflong-distancemigration.Theyflyabout11,000miles(17,700kilometers)fromtheirbreedinggroundsintheArctictotheirwinterhomeintheAntarctic.
Whybirdsmigrate(为什么鸟类迁徙)
¨Inmanypartsoftheworld,thefoodsthatbirdseatbecomescarceduringcertainseasonsoftheyear.Mostbirdswouldstarveiftheyhadtoremaininsuchplacesthroughtheunfavorableseason.
¨Althoughbirdsmigratetosurvive,thefactorsthatactuallytriggertheirmigrationsaremuchmoredifficulttoexplain.Forexample,manynorthernspeciesleavetheirsummerhomewhiletheweatherisstillwarmandthefoodsupplyplentiful.
¨Birdmigrationsareprobablyregulatedbytheglandularsystem.Theglandsproducechemicalsubstancescalledhormones.
¨Changesinhormoneproductionstimulatethebirdstomigrate.Amongsomenorthernspecies,hormoneproductionisaffectedbythelengthofdaylight.Asthedaylighthoursshorten,hormonalchangescausethebirdstopreparefortheirmigratoryflightsouth.
大王花Rafflesia
教授一开始就介绍植物分类,提到分类中的species种,genus属,order目。
说植物的classification很难,一些特性比较特殊的植物特别是这个样子。
提出植物的分类不能完全依靠它flower的形态和特性。
提到Rafflesia(大王花),开花时会散发腐臭的味道,以吸引蝇类传播花粉。
举了Indonesia的一种植物M为例,它的flower很特别,超级大(图片显示它的直径有一个手臂这么长,颜色为绛红,也许有牛人知道它是何种植物),有难闻的味道,象什么肉,但是最后发现他们不是一个order的。
生长在很恶劣的环境中,其它的植物都不能生长(题目一:
它生长在什么样的环境当中?
)这种植物有事物的来源,但是它还是会抓insect吃,因为它不能从土壤中得到足够的营养,所以要通过这种方式来获取所需的营养(题目二:
为什么吃虫?
)然后教授说了它怎么抓虫的?
经过很长时间的研究,专家发现它和violet(紫罗兰)、willow(柳树)等是属于一个order的,后提到幼时的violet,也会散发那种smell的。
提到共存(考题)。
有提到另一种南美洲的植物和它是同一目的,但是花很小,味道也不难闻,与蓝莓共生coherent。
学生提问不能测DNA吗,教授说这种大花基本不进行光合作用,没法提取一般植物能提取到的DNA。
在DNA分析技术成熟之前根本无法将他们并为同类,由于他们的特征差异太大。
教授还提到这种植物的交配不易,其一气味难闻致使传蜜的动物不易接近,其二它每年只开一次花,且花分雌雄。
所以要这么多先天条件凑齐
不易,所以很少有人有机会看到开花的全过程。
(考题)所以,结论,不可以貌取人。
后来又讲了这种花很有可能灭绝,原因是要fly帮忙运花粉,要同种的花在一起,要…,要这些条件同时发生,是小概率事件(Smallincident)。
原文:
ListentopartofalectureinaBotanyclass
We'vebeentalkingaboutplantclassificationsandhowspeciesbelongtoafamilyandfamiliesbelongtoanorder,butsometimes,figuringouthowweassigncertainplantspeciestoaparticularorderischallenging,eveniftheplanthas...unusualcharacteristics.You'dthinkthatplantswithsimilarcharacteristicswouldbelongtothesameorder,butthat'snotalwaystrue.Agoodexampleofthisisaflower,thatis—afloweringplant—thatgrowsonlyinMalaysiaandIndonesia,calledRafflesia.
Asyoucansee,Rafflesiaisaprettyunusualplant.Forstarters,it'shuge.Theflowercangrowuptoameterinwidthandcanweighuptosevenkilos—prettybig,huhTherearen'tanyotherspecimensintheplantworldthathaveflowersevenclosetothissize.Butthat'snottheonlyunusualcharacteristicofRafflesia,infact,that'sprobablyoneoftheleaststrangefeaturesoftheplant.
Theplantalsoemitsaterriblestench,likerottingmeat.Butagain,thereareotherplantswithbadsmellingflowers.AndinthecaseofRafflesia,fliesareattractedtothatsmell,andthat'showtheflowersgetpollinated.So...um...Rafflesia'sflowersarehugeandsmelly.Rafflesiaisalsoaparasite;itgetsitsenergyfromanotherplantinsteadoffromthesun,whichisunusual,butnotunheardofintheplantkingdom.Itactuallygrowsinsideitshost,whichisatypeofgrapevine.Imean...itgrowsinsideitshostuntilitblooms—itdoesn'tbloominsidethehost.Butthatleadsmeto...Iwanttotellyoureallyquicklyaboutanotherplant,aplantthat'salsofromtheforestsofSoutheastAsia,calledMitrastema.
Now,Mitrastemaisalsoaparasite,whichledsometobelievethatRafflesiawasrelatedtoMitrastema—thattheybelongtothesameorder.MitrastemaasIsaidisaparasite,butitsflowersaremuchsmaller,anddon'tsmellbad,soyoucanseewhytherewasdebateaboutwhethertheywererelated.Butasitturnsout,Mitrastemaisactuallyrelatedtoblueberries.So,evenplantsthatshareanunusualcharacteristicwithRafflesiaarenotrelatedtoit.And,um...noplantsharesallthreeofitsunusualcharacteristics,andthatmadeclassifyingRafflesiavery,verydifficult."
Now,you'reprobablythinking,whydon'ttheyjustanalyzetheDNAoftheplantWell,asIsaid,Rafflesiaisaparasite.Itlackstheleaves;thegreentissuethatmostplantsneedforphotosynthesis.It'sunableto...um...tocapturethesunlightmostotherplantsusetomakefood.So,it'slacking...it...it...itdoesn'thavetheDNA—thegenes—forphotosynthesis,whichiswhatweusuallyusetoclassifyplantspecies.ButsomeresearchersinMichiganpersisted,andanalyzedabout90speciesofseedplantsandcomparedthemtoRafflesia,andwefinallyhadananswer.RafflesiawaspartoftheMalpighialesorder.
Now,otherspeciesintheMalpighialesorderincludeviolets...um...poinsettias...uh...p
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 托福 听力 经典 加试