被动语态讲解与练习.docx
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被动语态讲解与练习.docx
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被动语态讲解与练习
被动语态
(一)语态分类
英语动词有两种语态,主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
如:
Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)
Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)
汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用:
助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。
(二)被动语态常用的八种时态
1.一般现在时
Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthestates.
Rice______inthesouthofthestates.
2.一般过去时
Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth.
Thebuildingofanewcarfactory_______lastmonth.
3.一般将来时
Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.
Cars________abroadbysea.
4.过去将来时
Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.
Theworkerstoldmethatthecar________assoonaspossible.
5.现在进行时
——Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?
——Notyet.Wearepaintingtherooms.
Theroomsarebeingpainted.
6.过去进行时
Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.
Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.
7.现在完成时
Wehavebroughtdowntheprice.
Theprice___________down.
8.过去完成时
WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.
WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundthetickets___already______out.
9.含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.
Agreatmanyletters___________withthecomputerbyhim.
(四)被动语态的使用
1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用by短语。
“Mr.White,thecupwithmixturewasbrokenafterclass.”(只是告诉老师杯子坏了,不知是谁弄坏的,或不想说出谁弄坏的)。
2.突出或强调动作的承受者,如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by短语。
TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.
ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.
3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者,也不是动作的承受者时,这时常用in+名词作状语,而代替by短语。
Thesecarsweremade___China.(by\in)
15,000carswillbeproducedeachyear____thenewfactory.(by\in)
Themapshouldbeput__thewall(by\on)
(五)主动语态变被动语态的方法
1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词,时态要与原句保持一致。
3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,放在被动语态里谓语动词之后,by短语可以省略。
如果原句主语是地点名词,在被动语态中用in+地点名词作状语。
如:
Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.
主语谓语宾语
Iwasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.
主语谓语宾语
Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.
Aspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetupintheschool.
(六)语态转换时所注意的问题
1.把主动语态变为被动语态时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.
Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正确)
Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误)
2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,要注意介词的用法(pass,give,lend,show,make,buy,
sing)
(1)Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.
Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.
Apresentwasgiven__meyesterday.
(2)Themagazinewaspassedtomebylilei.
.I______amagazinebylilei.
Lilei_______amagazine.
(3)Mybikewaslenttoher.
(4)Mothermademeanewskirt.
3.动词短语看作一个整体giveup,handin,putaway,takecareof
Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.
Theproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout.
Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.
4.带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时,一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语,而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。
如:
Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.
Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.
Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.
Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.
注意:
在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to,但改成被动语态后都带to,这时不定式为主语补足语,也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to的问题。
Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.
He__often_______playtheguitar.
Theearthquakemadetheroadfallontoanotheronebelow.
Theroad___made______ontoanotheronebelowbytheearthquake.
5.当主动句的主语是nobody,noone等含有否定意义的不定代词时,被动句中将其变为anybody,作by的宾语,并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。
如:
Nobodycananswerthisquestion.
误:
Thequestioncanbeansweredbynobody.
正:
Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody.
Noonecandothejob.
6.不及物动词,连系动词无被动语态(happen,takeplace,appear)
Greatchanges______(take)placeinthelasttwoyears.
Look!
What___(happen)?
It____(seem)thathewasbadlyill.
Thesweater___(feel)soft.
!
!
!
It___(say)thatshecomesfromtheUSA.
It____(notknow)whetherhewillcomeornot.
4:
练习
1).Putthefollowingsentencesintothepassivevoice(byphrasemaybeomitted)
1.PeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries.
2.Webuiltthisbridgelastyear.
4.XiaoLiuhasinvitedyoutoalunchparty.
5.Youmustnottakethesemagazinesoutofthereading-room.
6.Weshalldiscusstheproblemattomorrow'smeeting.
7.Hasanybodyfedthebirds?
8.Peoplewillneverforgettheaccident.
9.Youmaywritethisletterinpencil.
11.Someonemustturnonthelight
12.Theyhavefoundwaystomakewastewaterclean.
13.Someonemusttakecareofthechildrenwhenwegoout.
14.Theywon'tholdthemeetinguntilnextFriday.
15.Theygavehimamedalforhiswonderfulwork.
17.Theymadetheyoungmanbecomeheadofthevolleyballteam.
18.Someonewilltellyouhowtopreparefortheexamination.
20.Someonehastakenthestrangertoanotherhospital.
21.Isawhimentertheroomjustnow.
22.sheoftenkeepstheroomclean.
23.Peoplewilllaughatyouifyouwearthatdress.
26.Wemustfinishtheworkbysixo'clockthisafternoon.
27.Doyouoftencleanyourroom?
29.Couldyoucarryouttheplanontime?
30.Wemustpayattentiontosuchproblems.
32.Youshouldputforward(提出)thequestionsatthemeeting.
34.Heissuretofinishthejobbythen.
35.Sheisgoingtoplaythematchtoday.
36.Peoplearetalkingabouttheincidentalloverthetown.
37.Wesawabusrunningtowardsusatthattime
36Youneedtofinishtheworksoon.
39.Theyhadtoputoffthesportsmeetingbecauseoftherain.
40.Wedon'thavetowriteitinsuchahurry.
2).Makethebestchoice:
43.Thewar_____in1937
A.wasbrokenout B.hadbeenbrokenout
C.hasbrokenout D.brokeout
44.Themistakesintheexerciseswill_____theteacher.
A.cross B.becrossing
C.becrossedby D.crossby
45.MybrotherandIhave__________herbirthdayparty.
A.beeninvited B.beeninvitedfor
C.invitedto D.beeninvitedto
46.It_______thisway
A.ishadtodo B.ishadtobedone
C.hadtobedone D.hastodo
47.It__thisway.
Ausedtodo B.usedtobedone
C.isusedtodo D.isusedtodoing
48._____Chaplin.
A.Thechild'snamewascalled
B.Thechild'snamecalls
C.Thechildcalls
D.Thechildisnamed
50.Maryrealizedshe_________
A.wasmakingfunof B.wasmadefun
C.wasbeingmadefunof D.wasbeingmadefun
D.Itisconsiedringwrong
52.Heorderedthatthebooks_______atonce.
A.wouldbeprinted B.wouldprint
C.beprinted D.print
53.Thestory______inChina.
A.wastakenplace B.washappened
C.tookplace D.hasbeentakenplace
54.Thehouse_____myparents
A.isbelongto B.belongto
C.belongsto D.isbelongedto
55.He_______byhisteacher.
A.happenedtosee B.washappenedtosee
C.happenedtobeseen
D.washappenedtobeseen
56.Greatchanges_____inourprovince.Manytallbuildings______.
A.havebeentakenplace, havebeensetup
B.havetakenplace, havebeensetup
C.havebeentakenplace, havebeensetup
D.weretakenplace, weresetup
57.Thehall's____butit'snotyet____withlamps.
A.furnished, finished
B.beenfinished, beenfurnished
C.beingfinished, beingfurnished
D.setup, full
58.Thenewhallisthetallestbuildinginthistown.
_____fromhere?
A.Canitsee B.Canitbeseen
C.Canitseen D.Cansee
59.Assoonaswegottotheairport,wefoundthattheplane_____.
A.hadalreadytakenoff B.alreadytookoff
C.wasalreadytakingoff
D.wasalreadytakenoff
60.Someofthehotelsinmyhometown_________.
A.havenowbeenrebuilding
B.arenowrebuilding
C.arenowbeingrebuilt
D.arerebuiltnow
(Answerstothequestions:
BADCD,CBDAC,BCCCC,BBBAC)
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