刘炳善《英国文学简史》完整版笔记汇编.docx
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刘炳善《英国文学简史》完整版笔记汇编.docx
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刘炳善《英国文学简史》完整版笔记汇编
英国文学简史完全笔记
Partone:
earlyandmedievalenglishliterature
Chapter1:
themakingofengland
1theBriton
2theRomanConsequent
3theEnglishConsequent
4thesocialconditionoftheAnglo-Saxons
Chapter2:
Beowulf
thenationalepicoftheAnglo-Saxons
Epic:
longnarrativepoemsthatrecordtheadventuresorheroicdeedsofaheroenactedinvastlandscapes.Thestyleofepicisgrandandelevated.
e.g.Homer’sIliadandOdyssey
Artisticfeatures:
1Usingalliteration
2Usingmetaphorandunderstatement
Definitionofalliteration:
arhetoricaldevice,meaningsomewordsinasentencebeginwiththesameconsonantsound(头韵)SomeexamplesonP5
Definitionofunderstatement:
expressingsomethinginacontrolledwayUnderstatementisatypicalwayforEnglishmentoexpresstheirideas
Chapter3:
FeudalEngland
1theNormanConquest:
①theDanishinvasion
KingAlfred:
theAnglo-SaxonChronicle
②theNormanConquest:
MarkstheestablishmentoffeudalisminEngland\
2FeudaEngland
SocialfeaturesoftheFeudaEngland:
Twoclasses(landlordandpeasant)
Themiseriesofthepeasant:
BlackDeath
Theraisingof1381
3theRomance:
knight
Famousthree:
KingArthur
SirGawainandtheGreenKnight
Beowulf
Chapter4WilliamLangland
PiersThePlowman耕者皮尔斯:
apictureoffeudalEngland
①theexposureoftherulingclasses
②thestoryoftheCatandRats
③themarriageofladyMeed
④theconditionofthepeasants
⑤thesearchfortruth
⑥arepresentativeofthemostoppressedsectionofthepeasantry
Artisticfeatures:
Itiswrittenintheformofadreamvision
Usingsymbolism
Chapter5theEnglishBllads民谣
Oralliterature
Ballad:
isastorytoldinsong,usuallyin4-linestanzas,withthesecondandfourthlinesrhymed.
TheRobinHoodBallad
Chapter6GeofferyChaucer
英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
约翰·德莱顿(JohnDryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”
ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.
writingstyle:
wisdom,humor,humanity.
①
firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’(双韵体)bymiddleEnglish
②
③
PartTwo:
TheEnglishRenaissance
Aperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.
Chapter1OldEnglandintransition
1thenewmonarchy
2thereformation
3theEnglishBible:
JhonWycliffe,translatedthefirstcompleteEnglishBile
AuthorizedVersion:
alsocalledKingJamesBible
4theenclosuremovement
5thecommercialexoansion
6thewarbetweenSpain:
itendedwiththerouteoftheSpanishfleet"Armada"
7theRenaissanceandHumanism
Renaissance:
theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.
Humanismisthekey-noteoftheRenaissance.
Humanism:
reflectedthenewoutlookoftherisingbourgeoisclass,whichsawtheworldopenningbeforeit.
ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance–rebirthorrevival:
1. newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology
2. thereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansion
3. rediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture
Themostfamousdramatists:
ChristopherMarlowe
WilliamShakespeare
8WilliamCaxton:
thefirstEnglishprinter
Chapter2ThomasMore
OneofthegreatestEnglishhumanists
Utopia乌托邦:
anidealcommunistsociety
Thomas:
1norevolutionaryinthesenseofwishingtoarousethepeopleortostartanymovement
2stillretainsthefeaturesofclassexploitation
3hecouldneverfindatthattimethemeansbywhichsocialismcouldberealized.
Chapter3thefloweringofEnglishliterature
1theflourishingofliterature
2SirPhilipSidney
Apoetandcriticpoetry
AstrophelandStella,Apologyforpoetry
WalterRaleigh:
DiscoveryofGuiana
3EdmundSpenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599
Thepoets’poet.ThefirsttobeburiedinthePoet’scornerofWesterminsterAbbey
①
Itiswritteninaspecialverseformthatconsistsof8iambicpentameterlinesfollowedbya9lineof6iambicfeet(analexandrine),withtherhymescheme ababbcbbc
Thethemeisnot“Armsandtheman”,butsomethingmoreromantic“Fiercewarsandfaithfulloves”.
Artisticfeatures:
UsingSpenserianStanza
DefinitionofSpenserianStanza:
astanzaofninelinesababbcbcc.Eightlinesiniambicpentameter,andlastlineiniambichexameter.
②
ThethemeistolamentoverthelossofRosalind.
③
4JohnLyly
"gentlereader"
Euphues
5FrancisBacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626
(哲学家、散文家;在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断;近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。
)
ThefounderofEnglishmaterialist
ThefounderofmodernscienceinEnglish
Philosopher,scientist,laythefoundationformodernscience.ThefirstEnglishessayist.
Writingstyle:
brevity,compactness&powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions,metaphorsandphilosophytoman’sreason.
①
②
ThethemeofOf Studies:
usesandbenefitsofstudyanddifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies.
Chapter4Drama
ThehighestgloryoftheEnglishRenaissancewasunquestionablyitsdrama
1themiracleplay
2themoralityplay
3theinterlude
4theclassicaldrama
5theLondontheatre
Chapter5ChristopherMarlowe柯里斯托弗•马洛1564~1595
“UniversityWits”,thepioneerofEnglishdrama
(完善了无韵体诗。
)
Blankverse:
writteninunrhymediambicpentameter.
①
②
③
Significanceofhisplays:
1theheroesofhisplaysaregenerallydistinguishedbyaresolutecharacter,ascornoforthodoxcreeds,andanoverpoweringpaasion.
2Thepraiseofindividualityfreedfromtherestraintsofmedievaldogmasandlaw,andtheconvictionoftheboundlesspossibilityofhumaneffortdinconqueringtheuniverse.
3thehero'sindividualisticambitionoftenbringsruinstotheruintotheworldandsometomestothemselves.
Hisliteraryachievement:
1thegreatestofthepioneersofEnglishdrama
2reformedthelanguageandverseofdramaticworks
3firstmadeblankverse.Hisblankversehasbeencalledas"titanic"
4famousforhis"mightyline".Itismightyandplastic
5pavethewayfortheShakespeare
λChapter6WilliamShakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616
37plays
① Historicalplays:
HenryVI;HenryIV:
RichardIII;HenryV ;RichardII;HenryVIII
②FourComedies:
③FourTragedies:
④poems:
1venusandadonis
2ShakespeareSonnet:
154
Threequatrainandonecouplet,ababcdcdefefgg
Asonnetisalyricconsistingof14lines,usuallyiniambicpentameterrestrictedtoa definitionrhymescheme.
3therapeoflucrece
FeaturesofShakespeare'sdrama:
1oneofthefounderofrealisminworldliterature
2oftenusedthemethodofadoptation
3hislongexperiencewiththestageandhisintimateknowledgeofdramaticartthusacuiredmakehimamasterhandforplaywriting.
4skilledinmanypoeticforms:
song,sonnet,couplet,dramaticblankverse
5agreatmasteroftheEnglishlanguage
Chapter7BenJonson
①
②
③ EveryManinHisHumour
aprolificdramatist
Partthree theperiodoftheEnglishbourgeoisrevolution
Chaper1theEnglishrevolutionandtheReatoration
1theweakeningofthetiebetweenmonarchyandbourgeoise
2theclashesbetweenthekingandparliament
3theoutburstoftheEnglishrevolution:
4thesplitwiththerevolutioncamp
5thebourgeoisdictatorshipandtherestoration
6thereligiouscloakoftheEnglishrevolution:
Alsocalledthepuritanrevolution.
Puritanismisthereligiousdoctrine
7literatureoftherevolutionperiod
Chapter2JohnMilton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674
(诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。
)
①Epics:
writteninblankverse
Inthepoemgodisnobetterthanadespot.Godiscruelandunjust.AdamandEveembodyMilton'sbelifeinthepowersofman.
Thedesriptionofhell,Satanistherealheroofthepoem.SatanisthespiritquestioningtheauthorityofGod.
②Dramaticpoem:
< SamsonAgonistes>力士参孙:
Apoeticaldrama.
③
asadeclarationofpeople'sfreedomofthepress,hasbeenaweaponinthelaterdemocraticrevulotionstruggles.
asthespokesmanoftherevolution.
④
Thissonnetiswritteniniambicpentameterrhymedinabbaabbacdecde,typicalof Italiansonnet.
ItsthemeisthatpeopleusetheirtalentforGod,andtheyservehimbestshocanendurethesufferingbest.
Milton:
1hewasapoliticalinbothhislifeandhisart.HewasamilitantpamphleteeroftheEnglishRevolution,andthegreatestEnglishrevolutionarypoetin17th century
2wrotethegreatestepicinEnglishliterature.HeandShakespearehavealwaysbeenregardedastwopatternsofEnglishverse
3hefirstusedblankverseinnon-dramaticworks.Inparadiselost,heacquiresanabsolutemasteryoftheblankverse.
4heisagreatstylist,grandstyle.
5hissublimityofthoughtandmajestyofexpression.
Chapter3JohnBunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688
(代表作《天路历程》,宗教寓言,被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”,是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。
与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。
)
Puritanpoet(清教徒派诗人)
①Religionary Allegory:
Chapter4metaphysicalpoetsandCavalierpoets
BesidesMiltonandBunyan,otherpoetsandwriters
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