高考英语阅读理解抓分训练63及答案.docx
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高考英语阅读理解抓分训练63及答案.docx
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高考英语阅读理解抓分训练63及答案
2014高考英语阅读理解抓分训练(63)及答案
1.(201*·山东卷)D
Sincethe1970s,scientistshavebeensearchingforwaystolinkthebrainwithcomputers.Brain-computerinterface(BCI)technologycouldhelppeoplewithdisabilitiessendcommandstomachines.
Recently,tworesearchers,JoseMilanandMicheleTavellafromtheFederalPolytechnicschoolinLausanne,Switzerland,demonstrated(展示)asmallroboticwheelchairdirectedbyaperson’sthoughts.
Inthelaboratory,Tavellaoperatedthewheelchairjustbythinkingaboutmovinghisleftorrightband.Hecouldeventalkashewatchedthevehicleandguideditwithhisthoughts.
“ourbrainhasbillionsofnerveceils.Thesesendsignalsthroughthespinalcord(脊髓)tothemusclestogiveustheabilitytomove.Butspinalcordinjuriesorotherconditionscanpreventtheseweakelectricalsignalsfromreachingthemuscles,”Tavellasays.“Oursystemallowsdisabledpeopletocommunicatewithexternalworldandalsotocontroldevices.”
Theresearchersdesignedaspecialcapfortheuser.Thisheadcoverpicksupthesignalsfromthescalp(头皮)andsendsthemtoacomputer.Thecomputerinterpretsthesignalsandcommandsthemotorizedwheelchair.Thewheelchairalsohastwocamerasthatidentifyobjectsinitspath.Theyhelpthecomputerreacttocommandsfromthebrain.
Prof.Milan,theteamleader,saysscientistskeepimprovingthecomputersoftwarethatinterpretsbrainsignalsandturnsthemintosimplecommands.“ThepracticalpossibilitiesthatBCItechnologyofferstodisabledpeoplecanbegroupedintwocategories:
communication,andcontrollingdevices.Oneexampleisthiswheelchair.”
Hesayshisteamhassettwogoals.Oneistestingwithrealpatients,soastoprovethatthisisatechnologytheycanbenefitfrom.Andtheotheristoguaranteethattheycanusethetechnologyoverlongperiodsoftime.
A.helptoupdatecomputersystems
B.linkthehumanbrainwithcomputers
C.helpthedisabledtorecover
D.controlaperson'sthoughts
72.How"didTavellaoperatethewheelchairinthelaboratory?
A.Bycontrollinghismuscles.B.Bytalkingtothemachine.
C.Bymovinghishand.D.Byusinghismind.
73.WhichofthefollowingshowsthepathofthesignalsdescribedinParagraph5?
A.scalp→computer→cap→wheelchair
B.computer→cap→scalp→wheelchair
C.scalp→cap→computer→wheelchair
D.cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair
74.Theteamwilltestwithrealpatientsto
A.makeprofitsfromthemB.provethetechnologyusefultothem
C.makethemlivelongerD.learnabouttheirphysicalcondition
75.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.Switzerland,theBCIResearchCenter
B.NewFindingsAboutHowtheHumanBrainWorks
C.BCICouldMeanMoreFreedomfortheDisabled
D.RoboticVehiclesCouldHelptoCureBrainInjuries
【解析】:
71-75:
BDCBC
【语篇解读】本文是一则新闻报道,介绍了Brain-computerinterface(BCI)技术的发明,原理和对残疾人带来的益处。
71.B。
细节理解题。
从第一段第一句话可知。
72.D.细节理解题。
见第二段“Tavellaoperatedthewheelchairjustbythinkingaboutmovinghisleftorrightband.”。
73.C.细节理解题。
见第五段描述。
74.B.细节推断题。
见最后一段“toprovethatthisisatechnologytheycanbenefitfrom.”,证明他们可以从中获得的好处。
75.C.主旨大意题。
本文是新闻文体,因此要关注首段的中心,由首段的第二句话“Brain-computerinterface(BCI)technologycouldhelppeoplewithdisabilitiessendcommandstomachines.”推断选C。
(2011·四川卷,C)
ThemultimillionpoundnewLibraryofBirmingham(LoB)willbethemostvisiblesignofthewaythecityisacceptingthedigitalization(数字化)ofeverydaylife.
Settoopenin2013,the£188mLoBisalreadybeginningtotakeshapenexttotheBirminghamRepertoryTheatre,withwhichitwillsharesomeequipment.
Asdigitalmedia(媒介)isimportanttoits_idea,_theprojectisalreadyprovidingchancesforsomeofthemanysmallnewlocalcompaniesworkingatthenewtechnologies.
BrianGambles,theLoBprojectdirector,saysitisaboutgivingpeopletherighttoolsforlearning:
“Theaimistomixthephysicalwiththedigital,providing24hourserviceswhichcanbeusedthroughmanydifferentways.Itisimportanttoenableustoreachmorepeople,moreeffectively.”
Thedigitallibrarywill,hesays,beasimportantasthephysicalone,allowingthedistantuseoftheservices,makingsurethatitisneverclosedtothepublic.
EvenbeforetheLoBiscomplete,thepublichasbeenabletogoonlinetovisittheVirtual(虚拟的)LoB,designedbyBaden,theBirminghamvirtualworldsspecialists.NotonlyhavethepublicbeenabletolearnabouttheLoB,butthevirtualonehasalsoenabledthoseworkingontheLoBtounderstandthebuildingandhowitwillworkbeforeitevenopens.
TwoothersmallBirminghambaseddigitalcompaniesarealsoworkingontheLoBprojects.Substrat,adigitaldesigncompany,isdevelopingwhatitcallsanexampleofan“enlargedreality”project.Itisabouttheuseofanexcitingsmartphone,animportantpartoftheLoBwhichisintheearlystagesofdevelopment.AndThePeople'sArchiceisanonlinelibraryofhistoricalfiguresofthecitybeingbuiltupbyadigitalcontentcompanyinCahoots,inwhichuserswillbeencouragedtoaddtoandcommentonthematerial.
Gamblessays:
“Technologywillenableustomakethelibrary'scontentandservicesopentocitizensasneverbefore.”
投资数百万英镑的伯明翰新建图书馆将会是目前很有代表性的数字化图书馆,在这样的图书馆,人们将会体验新的阅览工具,并且能够真正做图书馆的主人,即:
能够参与图书内容的增补与建议。
9.Theunderlinedpart“itsidea”inParagraph3referstotheideaof________.
A.theequipmentB.theproject
C.thedigitalmediaD.thephysicallibrary
答案:
B。
词义猜测题。
根据下一句话的信息词“theprojectisalreadyproviding...”可以断定此处的代词its指的就是theproject。
10.WhilevisitingtheVirtualLoB,thepubliccan________.
A.getageneralideaoftheLoB
B.meetmanyworldfamousexperts
C.learnhowtoputupalibrarybuilding
D.understandhowthespecialistsworkontheproject
答案:
A。
细节判断题。
在倒数第三段中,信息句“NotonlyhavethepublicbeenabletolearnabouttheLoB...”可以给以提示:
即:
公众可以很好地了解LoB的具体情况,即同选项A所说的一样。
11.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEoftheLoBwhenitopens?
a.Itoffersbetterlearningtools.
b.Itreachesusersindifferentways.
c.Itprovidesuserswithsmartphones.
d.Itallowsuserstoenrichitsmaterial.
e.Itgivesnonstopphysicalanddigitalservices.
A.a,b,dB.a,c,e
C.b,c,dD.b,d,e
答案:
A。
细节判断题。
在文章的第三段中提到这样“righttoolsforlearning”“usedthroughmanydifferentways”以及倒数第二段的最后“addtoandcommentonthematerial”都表明了关于开放时的LoB的情况,即同选项A。
12.Thetextismostprobablytakenfrom________.
A.acomputerbookB.alibraryguide
C.aprojecthandbookD.anewspaperreport
答案:
D。
文章出处判断题。
既然是针对于公众的信息,应该是面对普通公众,即选择最大众化的媒体,即新闻报道。
D
(2011·陕西卷,D)
Eversincetheywerefirstputonthemarketintheearly1990s,geneticallymodified(GM,转基因)foodshavebeenincreasinglydevelopedandmarketedinmanycountriesintheworld,mainlyonthebasisoftheirpromisetoendtheworldwidefoodcrisis.ButcanGMtechnologysolveworldhungerproblems?
Evenifitwould,isitthebestsolution?
Despitewhatitpromises,GMtechnologyactuallyhasnotincreasedtheproductionpotential(潜力)ofanycrop.InfactstudiesshowthatthemostwidelygrownGMcrop,GMsoybeans,hassufferedreducedproductivity.Forinstance,areportthatanalysednearlytwodecadesofresearchonmajorGMfoodcropsshowsthatGMengineeringhasfailedtosignificantlyincreaseUScropproduction.
Somethingelse,however,hasbeenontherise.WhileGMseedsareexpensive,GMcompaniestellfarmersthattheywillmakegoodprofitsbysavingmoneyonpesticides(杀虫剂).Onthecontrary,USgovernmentdatashowthatGMcropsintheUShaveproducedanoverallincreaseinpesticideusecomparedtotraditionalcrops.“Thepromisewasthatyoucoulduselesschemicalsandboostproduction.Butneitheristrue,”saidBillChristison,PresidentoftheUSNationalFamilyFarmCoalition.
Atthesametime,theauthorsofthebookWorldHunger:
TwelveMythsarguethatthereactuallyismorethanenoughfoodintheworldandthatthehungercrisisisnotcausedbyproduction,butbyproblemsinfooddistributionandpolitics.Theseindeeddeserveoureffortsandmoney.Meanwhile,theriseinfoodpricesresultsfromtheincreaseduseofcropsforfuelratherthanfood,accordingtoa2008WorldBankreport.
Asamatteroffact,scientistsseebetterwaystofeedtheworld.AnotherWorldBankreportconcludedthatGMcropshavelittletooffertothechallengesofworldwidepovertyandhunger,becausebetterwaysoutareavailable,amongwhich“green”farmingissupposedtobethefirstchoice.
主要讲转基因技术并不是解决世界饥饿问题最好的方式。
13.Theauthordevelopsthesecondparagraphmainly________.
A.byclassificationB.bycomparison
C.byexampleD.byprocess
答案:
C。
写作手法题中的段落行文题。
根据第二段第三行的forinstance(例如)可知,C项(byexample通过举例)正确,排除byclassification“通过分类”/bycomparison“通过类比”/byprocess“根据事物发展流程”。
14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“boost”inthethirdparagraphprobablymean?
A.Control.B.Evaluate.
C.Obtain.D.Increase.
答案:
D。
词义猜测题。
control控制;evaluate评估,评价;obtain获得;increase增加,提高,根据前后文可知,boost在此相当于increase(增加生产量)。
15.GMcompaniespromisefarmersthattheywillbenefitfrom________.
A.practising“green”farmingB.useoflesschemicals
C.fairdistributionoftheircropsD.usingmorecropsforfuel
答案:
B。
事实细节题。
通过题干中promise和benefitfrom分别定位到文章第三段第二行和第四行引号部分就可选出答案。
16.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeoftheauthortowardsGMtechnology?
A.Optimistic.B.Defensive.
C.Disapproving.D.Casual.
答案:
C。
态度观点题。
通读全文可知,本文主要讲转基因技术并不是解决世界饥饿问题最好的方式。
A乐观的;B保护的;C不赞成的;D随便的,漫不经心的。
显然C项是作者对于转基因技术的态度。
E
(2011·安徽卷,E)
GeorgeProchnikwouldliketheworldto_put_a_sock_in_it.Hemakeshiscaseinanewbook,listeningforMeaninginaWorldofNoise.Hereheexplainshimself(usinghisindoorvoice):
“We'vebecomesoaccustomedtonoise,there'salmostadeepprejudiceagainsttheideathatsilencemightbebeneficial.Ifyoutell
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