13.docx
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13.docx
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2015年职称英语《理工A》真题参考
1.Iwillnot tolerate thatsortofbehaviorinmyclass.
A.controlB.observeC.regulateD.accept
2.Sheshowedanatural aptitude forthework.
A.senseB.talentC.flavorD.taste
3.Mostpeoplefind rejection hardtoaccept.
A.excuseB.clientC.refusalD.destiny
4.Theorganizationwas bold enoughtofacethepress.
A.pleasedB.powerfulC.braveD.sensible
5.Theywerelockedin mortal combat.
A.deadlyB.openC.actualD.active
6.Wewereattractedbythe lure ofquickmoney.
A.amountB.supplyC.temptD.sum
7.Theprocedureswereperceivedascomplexandless transparent.
A.clearB.necessaryC.specialD.correct
8.TheStockExchangeisin turmoil followingahugewaveofselling.
A.ServiceB.dangerC.disorderD.threat
9.HebelievesthatEuropemustchangeoritwill perish.
A.surviveB.lastC.dieD.move
10.Therewasa simultaneous trialtakingplaceinthenextbuild.
A.fairB.fullC.coexistingD.public
11.Theypromote assimilation ofethnicgroupsintothemain-streamculture.
A.policyB.valueC.equalityD.integration
12.Asalesman’s cardinal ruleistosatisfycustomers.
A.principalB.officialC.simpleD.legal
13.Imust compliment youonyourhandlingofaverydifficultsituation
A.silenceB.praiseC.assureD.complain
14.Welivedforyearsina perpetual stateoffear
A.emotionalB.nervousC.terribleD.Continuous
15.Thestarvingchildrenwerea pathetic sight.
A.commonB.unexpectedC.unforgettableD.pitiful
第2部分:
阅读判断(第16~22题,每题l分,共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:
如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。
LackofOxygenDelayedtheRiseofAnimalsonEarth
Scientistshavelongspeculatedastowhyanimalspeciesdidn’tflourishsooner,oncesufficientoxygencoveredtheEarth’ssurface.AnimalsbegantoprosperattheendoftheProterozoicperiod,about800millionyearsago—butwhataboutthebillion-yearstretchbeforethat,whenmostresearchersthinktherealsowasplentyofoxygen?
Well,itseemstheairwasn’tsogreatthen,afterall.
InastudypublishedOct.31inScience,YaleresearcherNoahPlanavskyandhiscolleaguesfoundthatoxygenlevelsduringthe“boringbillion”periodwereonly0.1%ofwhattheyaretoday.Inotherwords,Earth’satmospherecouldn’thavesupportedadiversityofcreatures,nomatterwhatgeneticadvancementswerepoisedtooccur.
“Thereisnoquestionthatgeneticandecologicalinnovationmustultimatelybebehindtheriseofanimals,butitisequallyunavoidablethatanimalsneedacertainlevelofoxygen,”saidPlanavsky,co-leadauthoroftheresearchalongwithChristopherReinhardoftheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnology.“We’reprovidingthefirstevidencethatoxygenlevelswerelowenoughduringthisperiodtopotentiallypreventtheriseofanimals.”
Thescientistsfoundtheirevidencebyanalyzingchromium(Cr)isotopesinancientsedimentsfromChina,Australia,Canada,andtheUnitedStates.ChromiumisfoundintheEarth’scontinentalcrust,andchromiumoxidationisdirectlylinkedtothepresenceoffreeoxygenintheatmosphere.
Specifically,theteamstudiedsamplesdepositedinshallow,iron-richoceanareas,neartheshore.Theycomparedtheirdatawithothersamplestakenfromyoungerlocalesknowntohavehigherlevelsofoxygen.
Oxygen’sroleincontrollingthefirstappearanceofanimalshaslongvexedscientists.“Weweremissingtherightapproachuntilnow,”Planavskysaid.“Chromiumgaveustheproxy.”Previousestimatesputtheoxygenlevelat40%oftoday’sconditionsduringpre-animaltimes,leavingopenthepossibilitythatoxygenwasalreadyplentifulenoughtosupportanimallife.
Inthenewstudy,theresearchersacknowledgedthatoxygenlevelswere“highlydynamic”intheearlyatmosphere,withthepotentialforoccasionalspikes.However,theysaid,“Itseemsclearthatthereisafirst-orderdifferenceinthenatureofEarthsurfaceCrcycling”beforeandaftertheriseofanimals.
“Ifweareright,ourresultswillreallychangehowpeopleviewtheoriginsofanimalsandothercomplexlife,andtheirrelationshipstotheco-evolvingenvironment,”saidco-authorTimLyonsoftheUniversityofCalifornia-Riverside.“Thiscouldbeagamechanger.”
“There’salotofinterestrightnowinabroaderdiscussionsurroundingtherolethatenvironmentalstabilityplayedintheevolutionofcomplexlife,andwethinkourresultsareasignificantcontributiontothat,”Reinhardsaid.
16.ThestudydiscoveredtheriseofanimalsoccurredearlierthantheProterozoicperiod.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
17.Manyresearchersbelievetheoxygenlevelwashighduringpre-animaltimes.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
18.Theteamwasfundedbyseveralresearchinstitutes.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
19.Geneticadvancementstriggeredtheriseofanimals.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
20.Thesamplesstudiedintheresearchwerecollectedinoceanareas.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
21.ThestudyrevealedthatchromiumfoundinEarth’scontinentalcrustremainedstablebeforeandaftertheriseofanimals.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
22.TimLyonslikedtoplaycomputergamesinhissparetime.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
第3部分:
概括大意与完成句子(第23—30题,每题1分,共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务:
(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个最佳标题;
(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
FirstImage-recognitionSoftware
1.DartmouthresearchersandtheircolleagueshavecreatedanartificialintelligencesoftwarethatusesphotostolocatedocumentsontheInternetwithfargreateraccuracythaneverbefore.
2.Thenewsystem,whichwastestedonphotosandisnowbeingappliedtovideos,showsforthefirsttimethatamachinelearningalgorithm(运算法则)forimagerecognitionandretrievalisaccurateandefficientenoughtoimprovelarge-scaledocumentsearchesonline.Thesystemusespixel(像素)datainimagesandpotentiallyvideo—ratherthanjusttext—tolocatedocuments.Itlearnstorecognizethepixelsassociatedwithasearchphrasebystudyingtheresultsfromtext-basedimagesearchengines.Theknowledgegleaned(收集)fromthoseresultscanthenbeappliedtootherphotoswithouttagsorcaptions(图片说明),makingformoreaccuratedocumentsearchresults.
3."Overthelast30years,"saysAssociateProfessorLorenzoTorresani,aco-authorofthestudy,"theWebhasevolvedfromasmallcollectionofmostlytextdocumentstoamodern,massive,fast-growingmultimediadataset,wherenearlyeverypageincludesmultiplepicturesorvideos.WhenapersonlooksataWebpage,heimmediatelygetsthegist(主旨)ofitbylookingatthepicturesinit.Yet,surprisingly,allexistingpopularsearchengines,suchasGoogleorBing,stripawaytheinformationcontainedinthephotosanduseexclusivelythetextofWebpagestoperformthedocumentretrieval.Ourstudyisthefirsttoshowthatmodernmachinevisionsystemsareaccurateandefficientenoughtomakeeffectiveuseoftheinformationcontainedinimagepixelstoimprovedocumentsearch."
4.Theresearchersdesignedandtestedamachinevisionsystem—atypeofartificialintelligencethatallowscomputerstolearnwithoutbeingexplicitlyprogrammed—thatextractssemantic(语义的)informationfromthepixelsofphotosinWebpages.ThisinformationisusedtoenrichthedescriptionoftheHTMLpageusedbysearchenginesfordocumentretrieval.Theresearcherstestedtheirapproachusingmorethan600searchqueries(查询)onadatabaseof50millionWebpages.Theyselectedthetext-retrievalsearchenginewiththebestperformanceandmodifiedittomakeuseoftheadditionalsemanticinformationextractedbytheirmethodfromthepicturesoftheWebpages.Theyfoundthatthisproduceda30percentimprovementinprecisionovertheoriginalsearchenginepurelybasedontext.
23.Paragraph1____
24.Paragraph2____
25.Paragraph3____
26.Paragraph4____
A.Functionofthenewsystem
B.Improvementindocumentretrieval
C.Publicationofthenewdiscovery
D.Problemsoftheexistingsearchengines
E.Popularityofthenewsystem
F.Artificialintelligencesoftwarecreated
27.Thenewsystemdoesdocumentretrievalby____.
28.Thenewsystemisexpectedtoimproveprecisionin____.
29.Whenperformingdocumentretrievaltheexistingsearchenginesignore____
30.Thenewsystemwasfoundmoreeffectiveindocumentsearchthanthe____
A.usingphotos
B.descriptionoftheHTMLpage
C.currentpopularsearchengines
D.documentsearch
E.informationinimages
F.machinevisionsystems
第4部分:
阅读理解(第31—45题,每题3分,共45分)
下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。
请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇FaceMasksMayNotProtectfromSuper-Flu
IFasuper-flustrikes,facemasksmaynotprotectyou.Whetherwidespreaduseofmaskswillhelp,orharm,duringthenextworldwidefluoutbreakisaquestionthatresearchersarestudyingfuriously.Noresultshavecomefromtheirmaskresearchyet.However,thegovernmentsayspeopleshouldconsiderwearingthemincertainsituationsanyway,justincase.
Butit’saquestionthepublickeepsaskingwhilethegovernmentaremakingpreparationsforthenextflupandemic.SotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)cameupwithpreliminaryguidelines.“Wedon’twantpeoplewearingthemeverywhere,”saidtheCDC.“Theoverallrecommendationreallyistoavoidexposure.”
Whenthat’snotpossible,theguidelinessaytoconsiderwearingasimplesurgicalmaskifyouareinoneofthethreefollowingsituations.First,you’rehealthyandcan’tavoidgoingtoacrowdedplace.Secondtyou’resickandthinkyoumayhaveclosecontactwiththehealthy,suchasafamilymembercheckingonyou.Third,youlivewithsomeonewho’ssickandthusmightbeintheearlystagesofinfection,butstillneedt
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