《牡丹亭》与《仲夏夜之梦》中梦境的对比研究.docx
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《牡丹亭》与《仲夏夜之梦》中梦境的对比研究.docx
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《牡丹亭》与《仲夏夜之梦》中梦境的对比研究
AComparativeStudyofTheDreamsinThePeonyPavilionAndAMidsummerNight’sDream
哈尔滨师范大学王梦莹
《牡丹亭》与《仲夏夜之梦》中“梦境”的对比研究
Abstract
Thispaperwillcarryacomparativestudyoncommonpointsoftwoclassicalromanticdramasbetween16thand17thcenturies——ThePeonyPavilionandTheMidsummerNight’sDream.TangXianzu(1550-1616),theauthorofthePeonyPavilionandWilliamShakespeare(1564-1616),theauthorofAMidsummerNight’sDreamlivedinthesamehistoricalperiod.Bothofthemwereregardedasthemostoutstandingandinfluentialdramacreatorsintheliteraturehistoryoftheircountries.TheMidsummerNight’sDreamwasoneofreprehensiveworksofShakespeare,whichhasbeenadaptedintomovies,stories,games,andpaintings.Similarly,ThePeonyPavilionwasalsothemostimportantworksofTang,whichconsolidatedhissignificancenotonlyinTheliterarycircleofMingdynastybutalsointheChineseancienthistory.
Thelastpartistheconclusion.Afteraseriesofanalysis,thispaperdrawstheseconclusions:
thedepressionofloveandsexisthelogicalresourceoftwodreams.Theprocessofdreamsisalsotheconflictionbetweensecularethicsandindividualconsciousness.Thesatisfactoryresultsofthetwoworksarethereflectionofideologicalemancipation.
Keywords:
comparativestudythePeonyPavilionAMidsummerNight’sDreamdreams
摘要
本文将对十六,十七世纪东西方两部重要的戏剧巨著进行对比分析——《牡丹亭》和《仲夏夜之梦》,并总结分析出两部作品中“梦”这一意象的相同点。
《牡丹亭》的作者汤显祖(1550-1616)和《仲夏夜之梦》的作者莎士比亚(1564-1616)生活在中西方相同的历史时期,却处在不同的社会背景下。
两位作者在本国都被视为戏剧发展史上最杰出,最具影响力的剧作家。
《仲夏夜之梦》是莎士比亚的代表作之一,自问世以来,被多次改编为电影,故事,游戏,绘画等。
同样,《牡丹亭》也是汤显祖一生中最重要的作品之一,不仅奠定了他在明代剧作家中杰出的地位,更使他在中国文学发展史上写下了浓墨重彩的一笔。
第五章为结论部分。
经过一系列分析后,本文得出如下结论:
主人公在现实生活遭受的中性与爱情的压抑是两“梦”的心理起源;两梦的发展过程也是人性与自我意识同封建伦理道德抗争的过程。
而两梦的圆满结局,体现了人们思想解放运动的成功。
关键词:
对比研究梦《牡丹亭》《仲夏夜之梦》
AcomparativestudyoftwodreamsinthePeonyPavilionandAMidsummerNight’sDream
1Introduction
1.1TangXianzuandThePeonyPavilion
TangXianzu(1551-1616),whoalsonamedYiReng,wasbornedinLinChuancity,JiangXiprovince.Hewasadmittedtothegovernmentinhis34andheonceinchargeofformerNanjingministerAtfirst,hewasonceapoliticianwhotriedtoachievethepoliticalaimtoserveforthepeople.Buthewasdisappointedbytheincreasinglycorruptsocialmisfits.Asthewitnessofthecorruptionofthebureaucracy,heonceremonstratedtheemperortoarousehisalleffortstomakethecountryprosperous.However,theemperordecidedtoexpelTangtoXuwencityoutofwrath,whereTangbecameaminorofficial.ThenhewastransferredtoacountymagistrateinSuichangCountyofZhejiang,inthetermoffiveyears,heaccomplishedgreatachievementandgainedtherespectoflocalpeople.However,hewassuppressedbylocalforces.Therefore,hefinallyresigntheposition.AfterbackingHometown,hebegantodevotehimselfinpoetryanddramacreation.Tangwasalsocalled“ChineseShakespeare”becausehisoutstandingaccomplishmentsofdramawriting.Hehadfourrepresentativeworks:
ThePurpleHairpin,ThePeonyPavilion,TaleOfNanke,TaleOfHanDan.In2000,TangXianzuwasincludedinthelistofthe100thculturalmastersintheworld.Therewillbeaworldwidecommemorativeactivitiesforthe400anniversaryofthedeathofTangXianzuShakespeareandCervantes,whichshowshisacademicandliteraturestatusin2016.
1.2ShakespeareAndAMidsummerNight’sDream
WilliamShakespeare(1564–1616)wasanEnglishpoetandplaywrightwhowaswidelyregardedasoneofthegreatestwriternotonlyintheEnglishlanguagecountriesbutalsotheworld'spreeminentdramatist.HealsodidgreatcontributiononthedevelopmentofEnglishlanguage.Hehadrepresentativeofthefourmajortragedies:
Hamlet,Othello,KingLearandMacbeth,andforcomedies:
TheMerchantofVeniceandmorethan100firstsonnets.Manyofhisplayswerepopularandpublishedformanytimesduringhislifetime.
Shakespearewasarespectedpoetandplaywrightinhislifetime.However,itwasthe20thcenturywhenhisworkswasintroducedtoallovertheworld.Inthe20thcentury,hisworkwasrepeatedlyadoptedandrediscoveredbynewmovementsinscholarshipandperformance.Hisplaysremainhighlypopulartodayandareconstantlystudied,performedandreinterpretedindiverseculturalandpoliticalcontextsthroughouttheworld.
IntheMidsummerNight’sDream,Hermiacouldnotacceptthemarriagearrangedbyherfather.Therefore,shedecidedtoelopewithherloverLysanderatnight.HermiatoldherbestfriendHelenaherplan.However,Helena,whoselovehadbeenrejectedbyDemetrius,decidedtowinbackhisfavorbyrevealingtheplantohim.Meanwhile,Demetrius,whohasbeenchosenasHermia’shusband,decidedtochaseHermiaoutofdignity.Meanwhile,therewasalsosomethinghappeninginthefairyworld.Oberon,kingofthefairies,quarreledwithhisqueenTitaniaforherrejectiontogivehimIndianboy.OberondecidedtoseekforwaystopunishTitania’sdisobedience.Coincidentally,hewastoprovidedwithaflowercalled“love-in-idleness”,whichwouldmadethevictimlosehisconsciousnessfallinlovewiththefirstlivingthingheseeswhenheawakes.OberonappliedthejuicetoTitaniainordertodistracther.PuckputsthejuiceontheeyesofLysander,whothenfellinlovewithHelena.WhenOberonfoundthesemistakesout,hemadePuckapplythejuicetoDemetrius.ButthenHermia’stwo“lovers”temporarilyturnagainstherinfavorofHelenabecauseofpuck’smistakes.Meanwhile,NickBottom,astage-struckweaver,isspottedbyPuck,whotransformshisheadintothatofanass.TitaniaisawokenbyBottom’ssinging,andsheimmediatelyfellinlovewithhim.Whileinthisstateofdevotion,sheencounteredOberonandcasuallygavehimtheIndianboy.Havingachievedhisgoals,OberonreleasedTitaniaandordersPucktoremovetheass‘sheadfromBottom.ThemagicalenchantmentwasremovedfromLysanderbutwasallowedtoremainonDemetrius,sothathemayreciprocateHelena’slove.Theseyoungpeopleeventuallyfoundtheirtruelovers.
TheseusandHippolytaarrivedattheforestatthattime.Afterunderstandingthewholestory,Theseusover-ruledEgeus'sdemandsandarrangedgroupwedding.Whenrecallingtheexperiencesintheforest,Theloversthoughtthatitisnotrealitybutafantasticdream.
2LiteratureReview
2.1StudyofThePeonyPavilion
ThePeonyPavilionhasbeenamasterpiecethatwongreatpopularity.IntheperiodofMingandQingdynasties,oneofthemostimportanttopicwastheaccuratetimewhentheworkwaspublished.InperiodoftheRepublicofChina,WangGuoweipublishedhisbookaboutthehistoryofChinesedramawherehehasexplainedhisopinionsonthepeonypavilionfromtheperspectiveofaesthetics.(Wang,2010)
AttheperiodofThePeople'sRepublicofChina,thestudyofthepeonypavilioncanbedividedintotwoparts.Oneofthemconcentratesontheperspectiveofclassstruggleandanti-feudalism.In1980,ChenZhongfanpointedthatDuhadthespiritof"indomitablestruggle"DuhadRecklessspritsmadeherdaretostruggleforherlove.(Chen,1980:
495)In1981,NiFuxianpraisedhercanconsciouslyputforwardheridealandcarryoutitthroughefforts.(Ni,1981).In1985,MaoXiaotongquotedIn1985,YuQiuyupointedthatthePeonyPavilionshowedobviousrebelliontotherealityoftheMingDynastyandtheideologicalsystemofthefeudalsociety(Yu,1985).Theoppositionof"emotion"and"reason"wasalsotheoppositionofloveandmarriage.(Yao,1985)In1987,PanJianhongpointedthatthePeonyPavilionexposedthecontradictionsofthefeudalethicalcodeandtheyoungpeopleandshowedthecoldnessandhypocrisyofthefeudalfamilyrelations.(Pan,1987).In1992,ZhangGengandGuoHanchengpointedthatthePeonyPavilionreflectedtheeagerofmarriagefreedomofyoungpeopleunderthesuppressionoffeudalsystem(Zhang1992).In1994,ShaoZhiqianpointedthaturgedforthefreedomofthedepressedpeople(Shao,1994).In2002,YouGuoenpointedthatthroughthelovestoryofDuLiniangandLiuMengmei,theauthorsonggreatpraisesofthepursuitoffreedomandstrongpersonalityspirit(You,2002).In2007,LiuDajiepointedthattheliteraryvalueofthePeonyPavilionisthepraiseofyoungpeople’sstrivefortheindependenceofmarriage,fightfortheliberationofindividualityandthefightagainstthefeudalideology(Liu,2007).Loveitselfisanothertopicofstudies.In1983,WangZhiwupointedthatitshowedtherationalityandthetremendouspoweroflove.(Wang,1983).ThenIn1985,YaoMangpointedthatthePeonyPaviliontriedtobreakstereotypesofthe"romantic"andcreatedakindoftruelove.
Inrecentyears,asthedevelopmentofculturalcommunication,thePeonyPavilionhasattractedtheinterestofforeigners.Forexample,In1994,JudithT.Zeitlinpublishedthepaper
”SharedDreams:
TheStoryofTheThreeWives'CommentaryonThePeonyPavilion”.In2003,CatherineSwatekpublishedherpaperPersons,Roles,andMinds:
IdentityinPeonyPavilionandPeachBlossomFan.
2.2StudyofAMidsummerNight’sDream
Amidsummernight'sdreamwasoneofthemostpopulardramaswrittenbyShakespeare,ManypeoplecameintocontactwithShakespearebythiswork.IthasalwaysbeenahotspotinresearchcircleofShakespeare.However,inrecentyears,thisworkwasbroadlyadaptedinpsychologicalandeducationalanalysis.
In1998,FranceneDavisKirkdidresearchonstudents’enthusiasmonShakespeare’sdramasandthescientificwaystopromotetheirstudy.itwasshowedthatstudentsweremoreactiveinthestudyofAMidsummerNight'sDream.(Kirk,1998)In2009,DavidS.SchneidermadeastudyonthestageperformanceofAMidsummerNight'sDream.(Schneider,2009)In2010,Geo
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- 牡丹亭 仲夏夜之梦 梦境 对比 研究
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