英国文学选读笔记.docx
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英国文学选读笔记.docx
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英国文学选读笔记
英国文学选读笔记
ThomasMore:
Utopia《乌托邦》
FrancisBacon:
Essays《论说文集》或《随笔》"Knowledgeispower."—Bacon
EdmundSpencer:
FaerieQueen《仙后》"Oursweetestsongsarethosethatsingofsaddestfeelings."—Spencer
WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)
1.23rd,April1564,Stratford-on-Avon
2.HisFather,aleathermerchant皮货商
3.Hisschool,alocalGrammarschoolfor6years
4.Hislife,dramatist,actor,poet,proprietor
5.Hisfirstson,Hamnet
6.4tragedies:
Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,Macbeth(RomeoandJuliet)
7.Mainworks:
37plays,154sonnets,2narrativeplays
戏剧14行诗叙事诗
TitusAndronicus《泰特斯·安德洛尼克斯》
TamingoftheShrew《驯悍记》
TheTwoGentlemenofVerona《维罗纳二绅士》
Love'sLabor'sLost《爱的徒劳》
AMidsummerNight'sDream《仲夏夜之梦》
KingJohn《约翰王的生平和逝世》
MuchAdoaboutNothing《无事生非》
TheMerryWivesofWindsor《温莎的风流娘们》
JuliusCaesar《朱力叶斯·凯撒》
TheMerchantofVenice《威尼斯商人》
Asyoulikeit《皆大欢喜》
8.CarlMarx:
"AeschylusandShakespearearethetwogreatestdramaticgeniustheworldhaseverknown."
9.Hisfriend:
"Hedoesnotbelongtoonetime,butbelongstoalltimes
WilliamShakespeare'swritingfeature
1.Aplayintheplay.
2.BorrowplotsfromotherstoriessuchasRoman,Greekandancientmyth.
3.Severalthreadsrunningthroughtheplay.
4.Combinationoftragicandcomicelements.
WilliamShakespeare'swritingstyle
1.Tremendousvocabulary(16,000words,inventwords)
2.Literarydevices(alliteration,simile,metaphor)
3.Usepoetryinhisplay
WilliamShakespeare'shumanisticideas
1.Againstcrueltyandanti-naturalcharacterofcivilwars
2.Againstreligiouspersecution,racialdiscrimination,socialinequality.
3.Hatesrebellionanddespisesdemocracy
ThemesinShakespeare'ssonnets
1.Expressloveandpraisetoayoungman
2.Immortalizebeautythroughverses
3.Friendshiporbetrayaloffriendship
Sonnet
Origin:
Italy
Mostfamousandinfluentialsonneteer:
Petrach
SelectedReadingofShakespeare:
1.Shakespeare'sSonnet18:
a.LadiesintheeyesofShakespearearenotgoodandbeautiful.Hiswifeis8yearsolderthanhim.
b.Iambicpentameter
c.Mainideas:
i.Quatrain1:
praisethebeautyoftheyoungman
ii.Quatrain2:
changesinlifeandnature
iii.Quatrain3:
"your"beautywilllastforever
iv.Couplet:
"your"beautywillliveinmypoem.àImmortalizebeauty
2.AnExcerptfromTheMerchantofVenice
a.HowdoesShylockjustifyhimselfaccordingtotheaccusationofDukeandBassanio?
3reasons.
b.WhydoesShylocksticktohisbondinsteadoftakingtwicehisprinciple?
HehatestheChristiansandisdeterminedtorevengeonthembecausehisdaughterelopeswithaChristian.
c.WhatdoyouthinkofShylockintheearlycourtscene?
Whatabouthimlater?
Intheearlycourtscene,Shylockiscruel,eloquent,stubborn,tricky,isolatedfromlawandfriendship.Inthelatercourtscene,Shylockisgreedy,sympatheticandoppressedbyChristians.
d.WhatisShakespeare'sattitudetowardsShylock?
Hesympathizesthosewhoareoppressed.AntonioisoppressedbyShylock.ShylockisoppressedbyChristians.
e.Thewholeplayisatragi-comedy.Inthescene,Shylockisthetragicside.Antonioandhisfriendsisthecomicside.
JohnDonne(1572-1631)
1572Borninamerchantfamily
1591LearnlawattheInnsofCourtinLondon
PrivateSecretarytoSirThomasEgerton,theLordKeeperoftheGreatSeal.
160129y.MarriedEgerton'sniece,AnnMore.Heworkedhardtofightagainstpoverty.However,it'sasecretmarriage.Whenthemarriagewasexposed,hewasputintojail.TheEgertonsregardedthemarriageasanoffence.
1617Hiswifedied.Hedevotedhistimeandeffortstohispriestlyduties,writingsermonsandreligiouspoems.
1621DonnewasappointedtheDeanofSt.Paul'sandkeptthepostuntilhisdeath.
JohnDonne'smajorwork
1.SongsandSonnets,wrotebefore1600,55lovepoems.
2.TheElegiesandSatires,hiselegieswroteforlovewhereasothers'wroteformourningdeadpeople.
3.HolySonnets&Sermons,SonnetswroteaboutGod,sexuallife,problemofdeathandlife.SermonsareChristianpreaching.
JohnDonneisfamedfor3things
1.Agreatvisitorofladies
2.Agreatfrequenterofplays
3.Agreatwriterofconceitedverses
Athistime,JohnDonnewasfamedasapreacher.Today,heisfamedasalyricpoet.JohnDonnecomparedpartinglovetocompass,fleacomparedtotheunionoflovers.JohnDonne'sconceitcanbeseenfromhis"Gocatchingthefallingstar"inwhichhelistedmanyimpossiblethings—themostimpossiblethingisawoman'sfaithandheart.
Metaphysicalpoetry—iscommonlyusedtonametheworkofthe17th-centurywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonne.
Metaphysicalpoets—arethepoetsinthe17cEnglandwhooftenunconventionallyuseconceitsandwit.Theimageryisdrawfromeverydaylife.Theformistheformofargument(withGod,lover,himself).Thedictionissimpleandthelanguageiscolloquialbutpowerful.JohnDonneistheleadingof"metaphysicalschool".
SelectedReadingofJohnDonne
1.TheSunRising
2.Death,BenotProud
(1)
JohnMilton(1608-1674)
1608BorninLondon.ACatholicfamily.Hisfatherwasbothascholarandabusinessman.
1620EducatedatSt.Paul'sSchool
1625EducatedinCambridge
1643Marrieda17y.girlyoungerthanhim
1649AppointedLatinSecretarytoCromwell'sCouncilofState
1652Becametotallyblind.Hiswifedied.Hemarriedagain.
3periodsinJohnMilton'slife
1.Englishrevolution
1649CharlesIbeheaded.Cromwelltookthepower
1660Restoration.CharlesIItookthepower
2.Politicalideas:
expresshispoliticalideasinpamphlets
3.Poem:
ParadiseLost,ParadiseRegained,SamsonAgonistes.
ParadiseLostisalongepicdividedinto12books.Thethemeisthe"FallofMan",i.e.man'sdisobedienceandthelossofParadise.TheoriginalstoryistakenfromGenesis.AdamandEveareoriginallyininnocentspirituallove.TheyarepunishedbyGodbecausetheyeattheappleoftheTreeofKnowledgeseducedbyaserpent.Sincetheyeattheapple,theybegintomakelove.Godthinkstheyarenotinnocent.Theycommittedsin.GoddrivesAdamandEveoutofEden.SatanispunishedbyGodtosufferfromfire.Heknowsthathecan'twinGodbypower,sohewinsGodbycheating.HeseducedEvetoeattheapple.InParadiseLost,SatanistherebelwhoneverbowsdowntoGodevenwhenhefailed.Heisagoodmilitaryleader.HerefusestoacknowledgethepowerofGod.Heisdeterminedtocontinuethebattle.Hefeelssorrowatthesufferingsofthoseangels.Hehasledtosoterribleapunishment,butheisverycruel.Hehasindomitablepride,unconquerablerebellion,andthewilltoevilandpower.Hesaid,"Onlydoevil,nogood".HetriestobeasequalasGod.
SelectedReadingofJohnMilton:
AnExcerptfromParadiseLost
Chapter2TheNeoclassicalPeriod(1600-1798)
Theageofreasonandenlightenment.It'saturbulentperiod.
1660TheRestoration
1665TheGreatPlague—BlackDeath.70,000died,2/3homeless.
1688TheGloriousRevolution.JamesIIexiledabroad.ThepersecutionofProtestants.JamesII'sdaughterMarryandherwifeWilliamturnedbacktoEnglandasfigurehead(KingandQueen)withoutpower.PowerwasintheParliament.EnglandbecamethefirstcapitalistcountrywithConstitutionalmonarchy,whichmarkedtheendoffeudalsociety.
1798ThepublicationofLyricsbyWordsworth
IndustrialRevolution—atthe2ndhalfof18c
Preparationsfortherevolution
1.money—bytradingcompanies,e.g.EastIndiaCompany;—bymoneyinvestment
2.goods,materials—colonies,e.g.India,NorthAmerica
3.manpower—"ActofEnclosure".Thelandlessandhomelesspeasantbegantoworkincities;—theinventionoftextilemachine
Intherevolution,Bourgeois(middleclass)becamethemainclassinthesociety.Bankers,landlords,slavetraders,merchants,colonistscontrolledtheeconomyofthecountryatthetime.Theybelievedinself-relianceandhardworking.
TheGiantsoftheEnlightenmentMovement:
Voltaire伏乐泰,Mosteiqeu孟德斯鸠,Dierot狄德罗,Rousseau卢梭.
GothicNovel
1.Content:
magic,supernaturalelements,ghosts,monsters.
2.Setting:
oldcastle,graveyard,darkforest
3.Atmosphere:
horrible
JohnBunyan(1628-1688)
1628Borninapoortinker'sfamily.HereceivedlittleeducationinaGrammarSchool
1647MarriedaChristianwomanandbecameinterestedinChristianity.
1660Bunyanbegantopreach,buthedidn'thaveapreachinglicensesohewasputintojailfor6years.
1665GreatPlagueinEngland,hewasreleasedfromjail.Fewmonthslater,hewasinjailagainforanother6years.
1672DeclarationofIndependence,hewasreleasedagain.
1675Hislicenseoflaypreacherwastemporarilycancelledandhewasinprisonagain.
Throughouthislife,heonlyreadonebooktheBible.HismostfamousworkisThePilgrim'sProcess.
Bunyan'spurposeofwritingThePilgrim'sProcess
1.UrgepeopletoabidebyChristiandoctrine
2.Toseeksalvationthroughstrugglingwithhisownweaknessandsocialevils
ThecontentofThePilgrim'sProcessisaboutChristianity.Thetitlemeans"lifeisajourney".It'sametaphor.
FormofThePilgrim'sProcess:
Allegory
1.Astoryinverseorprosewithdoublemeaningsormeaningsattwolevels.
2.Higherlever-concerningmoral,religious,orpoliticalideas.Lowerlevel-yourunderstandingofthestory.
3.MaincharactersinthestoryChristian,Faithful,Hopeful.
4.Thedescriptionofthestoryisrealisticreligiousallegory.
SelectedReadingofJohnBunyan:
"TheVanityFair"fromThePilgrim'sProcess
Why"TheVanityFair"isasatireontherulingclassofEgnland?
1.It'sasymbolicpictureofLondonatthetimeofRestoration
2.InVanityFair,everythingcanbesoldandbought,dailynecessities
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