南昌大学1001英语历年考博真题.docx

南昌大学1001英语历年考博真题.docx

《南昌大学1001英语历年考博真题.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《南昌大学1001英语历年考博真题.docx（67页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

南昌大学1001英语历年考博真题

历年真题

2017年南昌大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题

PartⅡReadingComprehension（40%）

　　Directions:

Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD．YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandthenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET．

　　Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage．

　　Sometimes,overaspanofmanyYears,abusinesswillcontinuetogrow,generatingever-increasingamountsofcash,repurchasingstock,payingincreaseddividends,reducingdebt,openingnewstores,expandingproductionfacilities,movingintonewmarkets,etc.,whileatthesametuneitsstockpriceremainsstagnant（orevenfalls）．

　　Whenthishappens,theaverageandprofessionalinvestorsaliketendtooverlookthecompanybecausetheybecomefamiliarwiththetradingrange．

　　Take,forexample,Wal-Mart.Overthepastfiveyears,theretailingbehemothhasgrownsalesbyover80％,profitsbyover100％,andyetthestockpricehasfallenasmuchas30％duringthattimeframe.Clearly,thevaluationpicturehaschanged.Aninvestorthatreadtheannualreportbackin2000or2001mighthavepassedonthesecurity,deemingittooexpensivebasedonametricsuchasthepricetoearningsratio.Today,however,theequationiscompletelydifferent--despitethestockprice,WalMartis,inessence,tradingathalfitsformerpricebecauseeachshareisbackedbyalargerdividend,twicetheearningspower,morestores,andabiggerinfrastructure.HomeDepotisinmuchthesameboat,largelybecausesomeWallStreetanalystsquestionhowfasttwooftheworld'slargestcompaniescancontinuetogrowbeforetheirsheersizeslowsthemdowntotherateofthegeneraleconomy．

　　Coca-Colaisanotherexcellentexampleofthisphenomenon.Tenyearsago,in1996,thestocktradedbetweenarangeof$36．10and$54．30pershare.Atthetime,ithadreportedearningspershareof$1．40andpaidacashdividendof$0．50pershare.Corporatepersharebookvaluewas$2．48．Lastyear,thestocktradedwithinarangeof$40．30and$45．30pershare;squarelyinthemiddleofthesameareaithadbeennearlyadecadeprior!

Yet,despitethestagnantstockprice,the2006estimatesValueLineInvestmentSurveyestimatesforearningspersharestand

　　around$2．16（ariseof54％）,thecashdividendhasmorethandoubledto$1．20,bookvalueisexpectedtohavegrownto$7．40pershare（againofnearly300％）,andthetotalnumberofsharesoutstanding（未偿付的，未完成的）hasactuallydecreasedfrom2．481billiontoanestimated2．355billionduetothecompany'ssharerepurchaseprogram．

　　16．Thispassageisprobablyapartof______．

　　A．FindHiddenValueintheMarketB．BecomeRicher

　　C．GetGoodBargainsD．IdentifyGoodCompanies

　　17．Theitalicizedword“stagnant”（line4,Para.1）canbebestparaphrasedas______．

　　A．prominentB．terribleC．unchangedD．progressing

　　18．Wal-Martisnowtradingatamuchlowerpricebecause

　　A．ithasstoredalargequantityofgoods

　　B．ithasbecomefinanciallymorepowerful

　　C．ithasbeeneagertocollectmoneytopreventbankruptcy

　　D．itisagoodwaytocompetewithotherretailingcompanies

　　19．AllthefollowingaresharedbyWal-MartandCoco-ColaEXCEPT______．

　　A．thecashdividendhasincreased

　　B．theearningpowerhasbecomestronger

　　C．bothbusinesseshavecontinuedtogrow

　　D．thestockpricehasgreatlydecreased

　　20．Accordingtotheauthor,onehadbetter______．

　　A．buymoreshareswhenthestockpricefallsdown

　　B．sellouttheshareswhenthestockpricefallsdown

　　C．dosomeresearchonthevalue.ofabusinesswhenitsstockpricefallsdown

　　D．investinthebusinesswhenitsstockpricefailsdown

　　Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage．

　　Today'scollegestudentsaremorenarcissistic（自恋的）andself-centeredthantheirpredecessors,accordingtoacomprehensivenewstudybyfivepsychologistswhoworrythatthetrendcouldbeharmfultopersonalrelationshipsandAmericansociety．

　　“Weneedtostopendlesslyrepeating'You'respecial'andhavingchildrenrepeatthatback,”saidthestudy'sleadauthor,ProfessorJeanTwengeofSanDiegoStateUniversity.“Kidsareself-centeredenoughalready.”“Unfortunately,narcissismcanalsohaveverynegativeconsequencesforsociety,includingthebreakdownofcloserelationshipswithothers,”hesaid.Thestudyassertsthatnarcissists“aremorelikelytohaveromanticrelationshipsthatareshort-lived,atriskforinfidelity,lackemotionalwarmth,andtoexhibitgame-playing,dishonesty,andover-controllingandviolentbehaviors”.Twenge,theauthorof“GenerationMe：

WhyToday'sYoungAmericansAreMoreConfident,Assertive,Entitled--andMoreMiserableThanEverBefore”,saidnarcissiststendtolackempathy,reactaggressivelytocriticismandfavorself-promotionoverhelpingothers．

　　Someanalystshavecommendedtoday'syoungpeopleforincreasedcommitmenttovolunteerwork.ButTwengeviewedeventhisphenomenonskeptically,notingthatmanyhighschoolsrequirecommunityserviceandmanyyouthsfeelpressuretolistsuchendeavorsoncollegeapplications．

　　Campbellsaidthenarcissismupsurgeseemedsopronounced（非常明显的）thathewasunsureiftherewereobviousremedies.“Permissivenessseemstobeacomponent,”hesaid.“Apotentialantidotewouldbemoreauthoritativeparenting.Lessindulgencemightbecalledfor.”

　　Yetstudents,whileacknowledgingsomelegitimacytosuchfindings,don'tnecessarilyacceptnegativegeneralizationsabouttheirgeneration．

　　HanadyKader,aUniversityofWashingtonsenior,saidsheworkedunpaidlastsummerhelpingresettlerefugeesandconsidersmanyofherpeerstobecivic-minded.Butsheisdismayed（气馁；心,）bythecompetitivenessofsomestudentswhoseemprematurelyfocusedoncareerstatus.“We'reencouragedalottobeindividualsandgooutthereanddowhatyouwant,andnobodyshouldstandinyourway,”Kadersaid.“Icanseegoalsandambitionsgettinginthewayofotherthingslikerelationships.”

　　KariDalane,aUniversityofVermontsophomore,saysmostofhercontemporariesarepoliticallyactiveandnotoverlyself-centered.“Peopleareworriedaboutthemselves--butinthesenseofwherearethey'regoingtofindaplaceintheworld,”shesaid.“Peoplewanttolooktheirbest,haveagoodtime,butitdoesn'tmeanthey'renotconcernedabouttherestoftheworld.”

　　Besides,someoftheresponsesonthenarcissismtestmightnotbeworrisome,Dalanesaid.“Itwouldbemoredepressingifpeopleanswered,'No,I'mnotspecial.'”21．Accordingtothepassage,anarcissisticpersonmay

　　21．Accordingtothepassage,anarcissisticpersonmay______．

　　A．hatecriticismB．bedishonesttohis/herpartner

　　C．beunwillingtohelpothersD．Alltheabove．

　　22．Theitalicizedword“commended”（line1,Para.3）means______．

　　A．praisedB．criticizedC．recommendedD．disfavored

　　23．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

　　A．Narcissismmayresultinbadconsequences．

　　B．Collegestudentsareactivetoparticipateinvolunteerwork．

　　C．Somepeopledoubtwhetherthereareremediestocounterthenarcissismupsurge．

　　D．Somecollegestudentsareoverlyengagedinself-promotion．

　　24．Itisimpliedthat______．

　　A．boththeresearchersandcollegestudentsareworriedaboutthetrendofnarcissism

　　B．theresearchersandcollegestudentsdisagreeonthefindingsofthestudy

　　C．theresearchersandcollegestudentsdisagreeonsomeofthefindingsofthestudy

　　D．collegestudentsarepessimisticabouttheirfuture

　　25．Itispropertobewhenyouhearsomeonesay“I'mspecial”．

　　A．objectiveB．pessimisticC．optimisticD．worried

　　Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage．

　　TheHouseisexpectedtopassapieceoflegislationThursdaythatseekstosignificantlyrebalancetheplayingfieldforunionsandemployersandcouldpossiblyreversedecadesofdecliningmembershipamongprivateindustries．

　　TheEmployeeFreeChoiceActwouldallowauniontoberecognizedaftercollectingamajorityofvotecards,insteadofwaitingfortheNationalLaborRelationsBoardtooverseeasecretballotelection,whichcanoccurmorethan50daysafterthecardvoteiscompleted．

　　RepresentativesofbusinessonCapitolHillopposethebill.TheNationalAssociationofManufacturers,TheNationalFederationofIndependentBusiness,theU.S.ChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsopposetheshiftawayfromsecretballotssayingthechangecouldthreatentheprivacyoftheworkers.“Thisisn'taboutpreventingincreasedunionization,it'saboutprotectingrights”,saidtheNationalAssociationofManufacturer'sJasonStraczewski,ofhisorganization'soppositiontobill.Straczewskisayseliminatingthesecret-ballotstepwouldopenupemployeestocoercion（旨迫,胁迫）fromunions．

　　SamueloftheAFL-CIOcontendstherealcoercioncomesfromemployers.“Workerstalkingtoworkersareequalswhilemanagerstalkingtoworkersaren't,”Samuelsaid.Hecitesthe31,358casesofillegalemployerdiscriminationactedonbytheNationalLaborRelationsBoardin2005．

　　Samuelalsopointsoutthatcountertoclaimsfromthebusinesslobby,thesecretballotwouldnotbeeliminated.Thechangewouldonlytakethecontrolofthetimingoftheelectionoutofthehandsoftheemployers.“Ontheground,thedifferencebetweenhavingthislegislationandnotwouldbethedifferencebetweennightandday,”saidRichardShawoftheHarrisCountyCentralLaborCouncil,whosaysitwouldhaveatremendousimpactonthelocallevel．

　　Thebillhasotherprovisions（规定，条款）aswell.TheEmployeeFreeChoiceActwouldalsoimposebindingarbitration（促裁）whenacompanyandanew