陶洁版美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案解析图文稿.docx

陶洁版美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案解析图文稿.docx

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陶洁版美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案解析图文稿

集团文件发布号：

（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-19882）

陶洁版美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案解析

美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案陶洁（部分）

Unit1BenjaminFranklin

Questions

1.WhydidFranklinwritehisAutobiography?

Franklinsaysthatbecausehissonmaywishtoknowabouthislife,heistakinghisoneweekvacationintheEnglishcountrysidetorecordhispast.Healsosaysthathehasenjoyedhislifeandwouldliketorepeatit

2.WhatmadeFranklindecidetoleavethebrothertowhomhehadbeenapprenticed?

Hisbrotherwaspassionate,andhadoftenbeatenhim.Theaversiontoarbitrarypowerthathasstucktohimthroughhiswholelife.Afterabrushwiththelaw,Franklinlefthisbrother.

3.HowdidhearriveinPhiladephia?

FirsthesetoutinaboatforAmboy,theboatdroppedhimoffabout50milesfromBurlington,thenextdayhereachedBurlingtononfoot,inBurlingtonhefoundaboatwhichwasgoingtowardsPhiladelphia,hearrivedthereabouteightornineo’clock,ontheSundaymorningandlandedattheMarketStreetwharf.

4.Whatfeaturesdoyoufindinthestyleoftheaboveselection?

ItisthepatternofPuritansimplicity,directness,andconcision（言简意赅）.Thenarrativeislucid（易懂的）,thestructureissimple,theimageryishomely（朴素的）.

Unit2EdgarAllenPoe1.WhoisthenarratorWhatwrongdoeshewanttoredressMontresor.Fortunato,oneofwineexpertsinsultedhim,sohewantedtomurderhim.

2.WhatisthepretextheusestolureFortunatotohiswinecellar?

HebaitsFortunatobytellinghimhehasobtainedwhathebelievestobeacaskofAmontilladoarareandvaluablesherrywine.FortunatoisanxioustodeterminewhetherornotitistrulyAmontillado,sohegoestothevaultwithMontresor.

3.WhathappenstoFortunatointheend?

Hewaswalledupalivebehindbricksinawinecellar.

4.DescribebrieflyhowPoecharacterizesMontresorandFortunatoascontrastsPoeusescolorimagerytocharacterizethem.Montresorfaceiscoveredinablacksilkmask,Incontrast,Fortunatodressesthemotley-coloredcostumeofthecourtfool,whogetsliterallyandtragicallyfooledbyMontresor'smaskedmotives.ThecolorschemeshererepresenttheironyofFortunato'sdeathsentence.Throughtheacts,words,andthoughtsofFortunato,weknowHeisgreedy,hewasluredintothedarkandsombervaultsjustbecauseacaskofAmontillado.Thisisalsoduetohisbadhabitofbibulosity（酗酒）.Helosthimselfonhearingthewine.Atthesametime,hewascheatedbyhisenemy,whichreflectedhisignorance.WhenheheardthepretendedcomplimentfromMontresor,hebecameveryboastfulandarrogant.Hewaseasilyconfusedbythesuperficialphenomenaandfailedtowatchoutforothers.Hecouldn’ttoleratethatotherswerestrongerthanhim.Forexample,MontresoralwaysstimulatedhimwithLuchresiwhowasgoodatconnoisseur（鉴赏）inwine.Undertheimpulseofvanity,hefellintoMontresor’sterribletrap.Infact,hewascarelessandfoolishanddidn’tfindthatthedangerwasapproachinghim.HelookeddownuponMontresorandothers.Hedidn’trealizehisfoolishnessuntilthedeathwascoming.Talkingfromtheappearance,Monstresorwasawell-educatedand“kind”businessman.Heenjoyedthehonorandrespectinthecity.Butinfact,hewasanevilandawfulperson.Hisinnerfeelingsweresocruelthattheyevenmadepeopletremble.Underhisrichappearancewasthedirtysoulanddespicablecharacter.Wecouldn’tseeanygloriousvirtuesinhismind.Instead,hisheartwascoldanddark.ItwastherevengethatthrewMontresorintothedeepevilvalley.

unit4NathanielHawthorne

1.WhyistheprisonthesettingofChapter1

Nomatterhowoptimisticthefoundersofnewcoloniesmaybe,theyarequicktoestablishaprisonandacemeteryintheir“Utopia,”fortheyknowthatmisbehavior,evil,anddeathareunavoidable.

ThisbelieffitsintothelargerPuritandoctrine,whichputsheavyemphasisontheideaoforiginalsin—thenotionthatallpeoplearebornsinnersbecauseoftheinitialtransgressionsofAdamandEveintheGardenofEden.heisthereforeusingtheprisonbuildingtorepresentthecrimeandthepunishmentwhichareaspectofcivilizedlife

Whatistheimplicationofthedescriptionoftheroses

Therosebushsymbolizestheabilityofnaturetoendureandoutlastman'sactivities.

ThenarratorsuggeststhatrosesofferareminderofNature'skindnesstothecondemned;forhistale,hesays,itwillprovideeithera“sweetmoralblossom”orelsesomereliefinthefaceofunrelentingsorrowandgloom.

2.DescribetheappearanceofHesterPrynneandtheattitudeofthepeopletowardsher.Thesecondparagraphonpage30.Thecrowdinfrontofthejailisamixtureofmenandwomen,allmaintainingseverelooksofdisapproval.SeveralofthewomenbegintodiscussHesterPrynne,andtheysoonvowthatHesterwouldnothavereceivedsuchalightsentenceforhercrimeiftheyhadbeenthejudges.Onewoman,theugliestofthegroup,goessofarastoadvocatedeathforHester.

3.WhathashappenedtoHesterAsayoungwoman,Hestermarriedanelderlyscholar,Chillingworth,whosentheraheadtoAmericatolive.

Whilewaitingforhim,shehadanaffairwithaPuritanministernamedDimmesdale,afterwhichshegavebirthtoPearl.Thescarletletterisherpunishmentforhersinandhersecrecy.WhydoesshemaketheembroideryoftheletterAsoelaborateItseemstodeclarethatsheisproud,ratherthanashamed,ofhersin.Inreality,however,Hestersimplyacceptsthe“sin”anditssymbolaspartofherself,justassheacceptsherchild.Andalthoughshecanhardlybelieveherpresent“realities,”shetakesthemastheyareratherthanresistingthemortryingtoatoneforthem.HowdoesthistellusabouthercharacterThroughoutTheScarletLetterHesterisportrayedasanintelligent,capable.Itistheextraordinarycircumstancesshapingherthatmakehersuchanimportantfigure.

Unit5HermanMelville

1.WhatarethestoriesIsmaeltellsaboutMobyDick?

IshmaelcomparesthelegendofMobyDicktohisexperienceofthewhale.

Henotesthatspermwhaleattackshaveincreasedrecentlyandthatsuperstitioussailorshavecometoregardtheseattacksashavinganintelligent,evensupernaturalorigin.

Inparticular,wildrumorsaboutMobyDickcirculateamongwhalemen,suggestingthathecanbeinmorethanoneplaceatthesametimeandthatheisimmortal.Ishmaelremarksthateventhewildestofrumorsusuallycontainssometruth.

Whales,forinstance,havebeenknowntotravelwithremarkablespeedfromtheAtlantictothePacific;thus,itispossibleforawhaletobecaughtinthePacificwiththeharpoonsofaGreenlandshipinit.

MobyDick,whohasdefiedcapturenumeroustimes,exhibitsan“intelligentmalignity”（狠毒）inhisattacksonmen

2.WhydoesAhabreactsoviolentlyagainstthewhitewhale

First,helostoneofhislegsbecauseofthewhitewhale.

Second,HeconsidersMobyDicktheembodimentofevilintheworld,andhepursuestheWhiteWhale，becausehebelievesithisinescapablefatetodestroythisevil.

IshmaelsuggeststhatAhabis“crazy”andcallhim“aravinglunatic.”DoyouagreewithhimWhyorwhynot

IshmaeldescribesAhabasmadinhisnarration,anditdoesindeedseemmadtotrytofighttheforcesofnatureorGod.

3.Whatnarrativefeaturescanyoufindintheselectedchapter?

Intheselectedcharpter,MelvilleemployedthetechniqueofmultipleviewofhisnarrativetoportrayMobyDicktoachievetheeffectofambiguityandletreadersjudgethemeaning.

Unit6HenryDavidThoreau

1.WhereindeeddidThoreaulive,bothataphysicallevelandataspirituallevel?

HelivedinacabinonWaldenPond,whichbelongedtoEmerson’sproperty.

2.HadThoreaueverboughtafarmWhydidheenjoytheactofbuying

No,hehadn’t.

Heavoidedpurchasingafarmbecauseitwouldinevitablytiehimdownfinanciallyandcomplicatehislife.

Thoreaudidn’tseetheacquisitionofwealthasthegoalforhumanexistence,hesawthegoaloflifetobeanexplorationofthemindandofthemagnificentworldaroundus.

Heregardedtheplacesasanexistencefreeofobligationsandfullofleisure.

3.IsitsignificantthatThoreaumentionedtheFourthofJulyasthedayonwhichhebegantostayinthewoodsWhy

Yes,itis.

BecauseTheFourthofJulyisknownasIndependenceDay,thebirthdayottheUnitedStates.

HereThoreauusesthedaytoexpresshisbeginningof?

regenerationatWalden.

Italsomeansasymbolofhisconquestofbeing.

4.HowcouldyouanswerthequestionThoreauaskedattheendofthisselection?

Unit719thCenturyAmericanPoets

1.HenryWadsworthLongfellow

（1）IShotanArrow…

1.Whydidthespeakerlosesightofhisarrowandsong

Thearrowfliestooswiftlyandtoofarawaytobeseenbythespeaker;whereasthesongisnaturallyinvisible.

2.Inwhatcircumstancesdidhefindthemagain

Hefindsthemunexpectedlyyearslaterfromthetrunkofatreeandtheheartofafriend.

3.Whatdoarrowandsongstandforinthispoem

Theimagesofarrowandsongheremaystandforfriendship.

（2）APsalmofLife

1.Whatkindofpersonisthespeakerofthispoem

Thespeakerisamanofaction,alwaysoptimisticandcheerful,tryingtoachieveasmuchaspossibleintheshortspanoflife.

2.Accordingtothepoem,howshouldourlivesbeledtoovercomethefactthateachdaybringsusnearertodeath?

Weshouldworkharderandlivehappier.

3.Interpretthemetaphorof"Footprintsonthesandoftime"（line28）.

Themetaphorreferstohumandeedsinreallife.

2.WaltWhitman

（1）One'sSelfISing

1.Whatisthesignificanceofsingingaboutone'sself?

Itisanexaltationoftheindividualspirit,whichistypicalofAmericanpeople.

2.Whatisthedifferencebetw