英语四级改革样题.docx
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英语四级改革样题.docx
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英语四级改革样题
PartIWriting(30minutes)
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthenexpressyourviewsontheimportanceoflearningbasicskills.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.WriteyouressayonAnswerSheet1.
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Oneinsix.Believeitornot,that’sthenumberofAmericanswhostrugglewithhunger.Tomaketomorrowalittlebetter,FeedingAmerica,thenation’slargest36hunger-relieforganization,haschosenSeptemberasHungerActionMonth.Aspartofits30Waysin30Daysprogram,it’sasking37acrossthecountrytohelpthemorethan200foodbanksand61,000agenciesinitsnetworkprovidelow-incomeindividualsandfamilieswiththefueltheyneedto38.It’sthekindofworkthat’sdoneeverydayatSt.Andrew’sEpiscopalChurchinSanAntonio.Peoplewho39atitsfrontdooronthefirstandthirdThursdaysofeachmontharen’tlookingforGod–they’rethereforsomethingtoeat.St.Andrew’srunsafoodpantry(食品室)that40thecityandseveralofthe41towns.JanetDraneisitsmanager.Inthewakeofthe42,thenumberoffamiliesinneedoffoodassistance
begantogrow.Itis43that49millionAmericansareunsureofwheretheywill
findtheirnextmeal.What’smostsurprisingisthat36%ofthemlivein44where
atleastoneadultisworking.“Itusedtobethatonejobwasallyouneeded,”saysSt.
Andrew’sDrane.“Thepeopleweseenowhavethreeorfourpart-timejobsand
they’restillrightontheedge45.”
注意:
此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A)accumulateI)households
B)circlingJ)recession
C)communitiesK)reported
D)competitionL)reviewed
E)domesticM)serves
F)financiallyN)surrounding
G)formallyO)survive
H)gather
SectionB
Directions:
Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatements
attachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneofthe
paragraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationis
derived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraph
ismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthe
correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
UniversitiesBranchOut
A)Asneverbeforeintheirlonghistory,universitieshavebecomeinstrumentsof
nationalcompetitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.Theyaretheplaceofthe
scientificdiscoveriesthatmoveeconomiesforward,andtheprimarymeansof
educatingthetalentrequiredtoobtainandmaintaincompetitiveadvantage.Butat
thesametime,theopeningofnationalborderstotheflowofgoods,services,
informationandespeciallypeoplehasmadeuniversitiesapowerfulforcefor
globalintegration,mutualunderstandingandgeopoliticalstability.
B)Inresponsetothesameforcesthathavedriventheworldeconomy,universities
havebecomemoreself-consciouslyglobal:
seekingstudentsfromaroundthe
worldwhorepresenttheentirerangeofculturesandvalues,sendingtheirown
studentsabroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers,offeringcoursesofstudythat
addressthechallengesofaninterconnectedworldandcollaborative(合作的)
researchprogramstoadvancescienceforthebenefitofallhumanity.
C)Oftheforcesshapinghighereducationnoneismoresweepingthanthemovement
acrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghome
eachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.9percent,from
800,000in1975to2.5millionin2004.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationto
another,buttheflowfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesisgrowingrapidly.
Thereverseflow,fromdevelopedtodevelopingcountries,isontherise,too.
Todayforeignstudentsearn30percentofthedoctoraldegreesawardedinthe
UnitedStatesand38percentofthoseintheUnitedKingdom.Andthenumber
crossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,to8percentofthe
undergraduatesatAmerica’sbestinstitutionsand10percentofallundergraduates
intheU.K.IntheUnitedStates,20percentofthenewlyhiredprofessorsin
scienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andinChinamanynewlyhiredfaculty
membersatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationabroad.
D)Universitiesarealsoencouragingstudentstospendsomeoftheirundergraduate
yearsinanothercountry.InEurope,morethan140,000studentsparticipateinthe
Erasmusprogrameachyear,takingcoursesforcreditinoneof2,200participating
institutionsacrossthecontinent.AndintheUnitedStates,institutionsarehelping
placestudentsinsummerinternships(实习)abroadtopreparethemforglobal
careers.YaleandHarvardhaveledtheway,offeringeveryundergraduateatleast
oneinternationalstudyorinternshipopportunity—andprovidingthefinancial
resourcestomakeitpossible.
E)Globalizationisalsoreshapingthewayresearchisdone.Onenewtrendinvolves
sourcingportionsofaresearchprogramtoanothercountry.Yaleprofessorand
HowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigatorTianXudirectsaresearchcenter
focusedonthegeneticsofhumandiseaseatShanghai’sFudanUniversity,in
collaborationwithfacultycolleaguesfrombothschools.TheShanghaicenterhas
95employeesandgraduatestudentsworkingina4,300-square-meterlaboratory
facility.Yalefaculty,postdoctorsandgraduatestudentsvisitregularlyandattend
videoconferenceseminarswithscientistsfrombothcampuses.Thearrangement
benefitsbothcountries;Xu’sYalelabismoreproductive,thankstothelower
costsofconductingresearchinChina,andChinesegraduatestudents,postdoctors
andfacultygeton-the-jobtrainingfromaworld-classscientistandhisU.S.team.
F)Asaresultofitsstrengthinscience,theUnitedStateshasconsistentlyledthe
worldinthecommercializationofmajornewtechnologies,fromthemainframe
computerandtheintegratedcircuitofthe1960stotheInternetinfrastructure(基
础设施)andapplicationssoftwareofthe1990s.Thelinkbetween
university-basedscienceandindustrialapplicationisoftenindirectbutsometimes
highlyvisible:
SiliconValleywasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity,
andRoute128outsideBostonhaslonghousedcompaniesspunofffromMITand
Harvard.Aroundtheworld,governmentshaveencouragedcopyingofthismodel,
perhapsmostsuccessfullyinCambridge,England,whereMicrosoftandscoresof
otherleadingsoftwareandbiotechnologycompanieshavesetupshoparoundthe
university.
G)Forallitssuccess,theUnitedStatesremainsdeeplyhesitantaboutsustainingthe
research-universitymodel.Mostpoliticiansrecognizethelinkbetween
investmentinscienceandnationaleconomicstrength,butsupportforresearch
fundinghasbeenunsteady.ThebudgetoftheNationalInstitutesofHealth
doubledbetween1998and2003,buthasrisenmoreslowlythaninflationsince
then.Supportforthephysicalsciencesandengineeringbarelykeptpacewith
inflationduringthatsameperiod.Theattempttomakeuplostgroundiswelcome,
butthenationwouldbebetterservedbysteady,predictableincreasesinscience
fundingattherateoflong-termGDPgrowth,whichisontheorderofinflation
plus3percentperyear.
H)Americanpoliticianshavegreatdifficultyrecognizingthatadmittingmoreforeign
studentscangreatlypromotethenationalinterestbyincreasinginternational
understanding.Adjustedforinflation,publicfundingforinternationalexchanges
andforeign-languagestudyiswellbelowthelevelsof40yearsago.Inthewake
ofSeptember11,changesinthevisaprocesscausedadramaticdeclineinthe
numberofforeignstudentsseekingadmissiontoU.S.universities,anda
correspondingsurgeinenrollmentsinAustralia,SingaporeandtheU.K.
ObjectionsfromAmericanuniversityandbusinessleadersledtoimprovementsin
theprocessandareversalofthedecline,buttheUnitedStatesisstillseenby
manyasunwelcomingtointernationalstudents.
I)MostAmericansrecognizethatuniversitiescontributetothenation’swell-being
throughtheirscientificresearch,butmanyfearthatforeignstudentsthreaten
Americancompetitivenessbytakingtheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome.They
failtograspthatwelcomingforeignstudentstotheUnitedStateshastwo
importantpositiveeffects:
first,theverybestofthemstayintheStatesand—like
immigrantsthroughouthistory—strengthenthenation;andsecond,foreign
studentswhostudyintheUnitedStatesbecomeambassadorsformanyofitsmost
cherished(珍视)valueswhentheyreturnhome.Oratleasttheyunderstandthem
better.InAmericaaselsewhere,fewinstrumentsofforeignpolicyareaseffective
inpromotingpeaceandstabilityaswelcominginternationaluniversitystudents.
注意:
此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
46.Americanuniversitiespreparetheirundergraduatesforglobalcareersbygiving
themchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship.
47.Sincethemid-1970s,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreasedatan
annualrateof3.9percent.
48.TheenrollmentofinternationalstudentswillhaveapositiveimpactonAmerica
ratherthanthreatenitscompetitiveness.
49.T
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