高考英语阅读理解基础练习题及解析.docx

高考英语阅读理解基础练习题及解析.docx

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高考英语阅读理解基础练习题及解析

高考英语阅读理解基础练习题及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Robotsmakemenervous—especiallytheoneswhichseemtothinkforthemselves.IwasembarrassedtoadmitthistillIheardthatBillGates,thefounderofMicrosoft,feltthesameway.

   GatessaidinaninterviewwiththesocialnetworkingandnewswebsiteReddit:

"Iaminthecampthatisconcernedaboutsuperintelligence.Firstthemachineswilldoalotofjobsforusandnotbesuperintelligent．Thatshouldbepositiveifwemanagewell.Afewdecadesafterthat,though,theintelligenceisstrongenoughtobeaconcern."

   Well,maybeIdon'thavetoworryaboutmycomputerandkitchenequipmentyet.AfterIusethemIcanalwayspulltheplug.Butinthefuture,machinesmightfindawaytopreventusfromswitchingthemoff.There'saterriblethought!

   Maybetheproblemwithcomputerstoocleverforusisnotthattheyareevillikesomewe'veseeninsci-fimovies.Whatcouldputusindangeristhattheymightbetooefficient.That'swhatphilosopherNickBostromfromOxfordUniversitybelieves.Hesaysthatmachinesareindifferenttohumansandinpursuitoftheirowngoals，thedestructionofpeoplemightbejustadditionaldamage.Bostromgivesusanexample:

Amachinewhichmighthaveitsonlygoaltoproduceasmanypaperclipsaspossiblemightlookathumanbodiesasextramaterialforpaperclipsandgoafteryou.Becauseitis,well,amachine,itwouldnottakepityonyou.

   It'sagoodthingthatAmericanwriterIsaacAsimovthoughtabouthowfarrobotscangoandleftushisthreerulesofrobotics.Theystatethatarobotmaynothurtahumanbeingorallowthehumanbeingtocometoharm.

   I'mgladmymachinesathomeare"dumb".Allmycleanerwantstotakeoveristhecarpetinmylivingroom.Let'shopetheydon'tcreateanappliancewhichwantstotakeovertheworld!

（1）TheauthorquotedBillGates'wordsinParagraph2inordertomakethetext________.

A. better-known         

B. morepersuasive         

C. better-organized         

D. moreinteresting

（2）Anintelligentpaperclipmachinewouldharmusbecause_______.

A. itismuchclevererthanus                        B. itwouldtakeovertheworld

C. ithasthestrongfeelingofdestroyingus         

D. itwouldseeusjustasmaterial

（3）HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutIsaacAsimov'srulesofrobotics?

A. Optimistic                      

B. Worried                      

C. Disappointed                      

D. Regretful

（4）Whatdoesthetextmainlyfocuson?

A. Thebenefitsoffuturerobots.                  

B. Thenewapplicationsofrobots.

C. Theconcernforsuperintelligence.         

D. Thepopularityofrobotsinthefuture.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）D

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了智能机器人可能给人类带来伤害以及美国作家Isaac Asimov为此制定了三条机器人规则，作者旨在引起人们对智能机器人的关注。

（1）考查推理判断。

因为比尔盖茨是一个名人，他的观点更有说服力，所以作者才会引用他说的话，让别人更加相信他的观点。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“Amachinewhichmighthaveitsonlygoaltoproduceasmanypaperclipsaspossiblemightlookathumanbodiesasextramaterialforpaperclipsandgoafteryou.”可知智能的paperclipmachine会把人类当成是加工材料而伤害人类。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的“It'sagoodthingthatAmericanwriterIsaacAsimovthoughtabouthowfarrobotscangoandleftushisthreerulesofrobotics.”可知作者认为IsaacAsimov所制定的机器人规则是好事情，说明他对此持乐观的态度。

故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据主题段第一段可知人们对于人工智能，尤其是机器人的迅速发展持有谨慎的态度，认为人工智能的过快发展会影响到人类的未来。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   BluePlanetII'slatestepisode（情节）focusesonhowplasticishavingadestructiveeffectontheoceanandslowlypoisoningourseacreatures.ResearchersrecentlyalsofoundthatseacreatureslivinginthedeepestplaceonEarth,theMarianaTrench,haveplasticintheirstomachs.Indeed,oceansaredrowninginplastic.

   Thoughitseemsthattheworldcouldn'tpossiblyfunctionwithoutplastics,plasticsarearemarkablyrecentinvention.Thefirstplasticbagswereintroducedinthe1950s,thesamedecadethatplasticpackagingbegangainingpopularityintheUnitedStates.Thisgrowthhashappenedsofastthatscienceisstillcatchingupwiththechange.Plasticspollutionresearch,forinstance,isstillaveryearlyscience.

   Weputalltheseplasticsintotheenvironment,butwestilldon'treallyknowwhattheoutcomesaregoingtobe.Whatwedoknow,though,isdisturbing.Oceanplasticisestimatedtokillmillionsofmarineanimalseveryyear.Nearly700species,includingendangeredones,areknowntohavebeenaffectedbyit.Oneinthreeleatherbackturtles,whichoftenmistakeplasticbagsforjellyfish,havebeenfoundwithplasticintheirbellies.Ninetypercentofseabirdsarenoweatingplasticsonaregularbasis.By2050,thatfigureisexpectedtoriseto100percent.

   Andit'snotjustwildlifethatisthreatenedbytheplasticsinourseas.Humansareconsumingplasticsthroughtheseafoodweeat.Icouldunderstandwhysomepeopleseeoceanplasticasadisaster,worthmentioninginthesamebreathasclimatechange.Butoceanplasticisnotascomplicatedasclimatechange.Therearenooceantrashdeniers（否认者）,atleastsofar.Todosomethingaboutit,wedon'thavetoremakeourplanetenergysystem.

   Thisisnotaproblemwherewedon'tknowwhatthesolutionis.Weknowhowtopickupgarbage.Anyonecandoit.Weknowhowtodealwithit.Weknowhowtorecycle.Wecanallstartbythinkingtwicebeforeweusesingle-useplasticproducts.Thingsthatmayseemordinary,likeusingareusablebottleorareusablebag-whentakencollectively,thesechoicesreallydomakeadifference.

（1）Whyisplasticspollutionresearchstillaveryearlyscience?

A.Theplasticspollutionresearchistoodifficult.

B.Plasticshaveproducedlesspollutionthancoal.

C.Plasticshavegainedpopularitytoofastforsciencetocatchup.

D.Theworldcouldn'tpossiblyfunctionwithoutplastics.

（2）HowdidtheauthorsupporthisopinioninParagraph3?

A.Bycitingquotesfromleadingexperts.

B.Bymakingacomparisonandcontrast.

C.Bylistingexamplesfromhisownexperience.

D.Bypresentingsolidstatistics.

（3）Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthelastparagraph?

A.Wereapwhatwesow.

B.Theshortestanswerisdoing.

C.Allthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy.

D.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

（4）Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Theoceansbecomechokedwithplastic.

B.Oceanplasticisaglobalissue.

C.BluePlanetIIhasleftviewersheartbroken.

D.Plasticsgaininpopularityallovertheworld.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）D

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究人员最近还发现，生活在地球最深处马里亚纳海沟的海洋生物胃里有塑料。

事实上，海洋正淹没在塑料之中。

据估计，海洋塑料每年杀死数百万海洋动物，不仅仅是野生动物受到海洋塑料的威胁，人类也会通过食用海鲜来消耗塑料。

作者认为最好的办法就是人类开始采取行动。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Thisgrowthhashappenedsofastthatscienceisstillcatchingupwiththechange.Plasticspollutionresearch,forinstance,isstillaveryearlyscience.”这种增长速度如此之快，以至于科学仍在追赶这种变化。

例如，塑料污染研究仍然是一门非常早期的科学，可知，塑料污染研究仍然是一门非常早期的科学是因为塑料的普及速度太快，以至于科学无法跟上。

故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Oneinthreeleatherbackturtles,whichoftenmistakeplasticbagsforjellyfish,havebeenfoundwithplasticintheirbellies.Ninetypercentofseabirdsarenoweatingplasticsonaregularbasis.By2050,thatfigureisexpectedtoriseto100percent.”人们发现，三分之一的棱皮龟的腹部都有塑料制品，而它们经常把塑料袋误认为是水母。

现在，90%的海鸟定期食用塑料制品。

到2050年，这一数字预计将升至100%，可知，作者在第三段是通过提供可靠的统计数据来支持自己观点的。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Wecanallstartbythinkingtwicebeforeweusesingle-useplasticproducts.Thingsthatmayseemordinary,likeusingareusablebottleorareusablebag-whentakencollectively,thesechoicesreallydomakeadifference.”在使用一次性塑料产品之前，我们都可以三思而后行。

一些看起来很普通的东西，比如使用可重复使用的瓶子或袋子——如果把它们放在一起，这些选择确实会有所不同，可知，作者在最后一段想告诉我们对于塑料污染最简短的回答就是采取行动。

故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“ResearchersrecentlyalsofoundthatseacreatureslivinginthedeepestplaceonEarth,theMarianaTrench,haveplasticintheirstomachs.Indeed,oceansaredrowninginplastic.”研究人员最近还发现，生活在地球最深处马里亚纳海沟的海洋生物胃里有塑料。

事实上，海洋正淹没在塑料之中）结合文章主要内容为说明海洋被大量的塑料充斥着，影响了海洋生物和人类，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   ThenewgarbagesortingregulationhastakeneffectinShanghaistartingJuly1.Manycitizensarestillconfusedabouttheclassificationofthefourdifferenttypesoftrash.Thankfully,authoritieshavereleasedanofficialguidelinetoexplainthenewrules.

   Theguideline,publishedbytheShanghaiGreeneryandPublicSanitationBureau,providesarathercleardefinitiononthefourkindsifwaste:

recyclablewaste,harmfulwaste,householdfoodwasteandresidual（剩余）waste.

   AteamfromtheU.K.'sNationalCentreforSportandExerciseMedicineexamined14leanandoverweightmenandanalyzedtheirmetabolic（新陈代谢）health.Theparticipantswereeitherassigned

   Harmfulwaste,asthenamesuggests,includesvariouspoisonousmaterialslikeusedbatteries,lightbulbs,out-of-datemedicines,paintandpesticides.

   Householdfoodwaste—whichistranslatedto"wettrash"inChinese—referstofoodleftovers,rottenfood,petfood,fruitpeels,remainsofTCMherbs（中药）andflowers.

   Paper,plastic,glass,metalandtextiles（纺织品）arecountedasrecyclablewaste.

Thedefinitionofresidualwasteisalittleconfusing.Anythingthatisnotlistedabovebelongstothiscategory.

   Asspecificasthenewguidelineis,residentsstillhaveahardtimesortingtrashcorrectlyandarefindingitchallengingtomemorizethemall.Forinstance,bothplasticbottlesandbubbleteaorcoffeecupsareplasticmaterials.However,theformerfallstothecategoryofrecyclablewasteandthelatterbelongstoresidualwaste.Tosavethehassle,somenetizenshavecomeupwiththeirownwaytosorttrash.

   "Weshoulddothisfromapig'sangle,"commentedonenetizen."Thos